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18 U.S.C. § 1510 — Obstruction of criminal investigations

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1510 — Obstruction of criminal investigations

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-1510-obstruction-of-criminal-investigations--b1486fe5fb.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 73, § 1510; chapter-073-obstruction-of-justice.md

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**(a)** Whoever willfully endeavors by means of bribery to obstruct, delay, or prevent the communication of information relating to a violation of any criminal statute of the United States by any person to a criminal investigator shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. **(b)** (1) Whoever, being an officer of a financial institution, with the intent to obstruct a judicial proceeding, directly or indirectly notifies any other person about the existence or contents of a subpoena for records of that financial institution, or information that has been furnished in response to that subpoena, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (2) Whoever, being an officer of a financial institution, directly or indirectly notifies— (A) a customer of that financial institution whose records are sought by a subpoena for records; or (B) any other person named in that subpoena; about the existence or contents of that subpoena or information that has been furnished in response to that subpoena, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. (3) As used in this subsection— (A) the term “an officer of a financial institution” means an officer, director, partner, employee, agent, or attorney of or for a financial institution; and (B) the term “subpoena for records” means a Federal grand jury subpoena, a subpoena issued under [section 3486 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3486&num=0&edition=prelim), or an order or subpoena issued in accordance with [section 3512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3512&num=0&edition=prelim), [section 5318 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5318&num=0&edition=prelim), or [section 1782 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1782&num=0&edition=prelim), for customer records that has been served relating to a violation of, or a conspiracy to violate— (i) section 215, 656, 657, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1014, 1344, 1956, 1957, 1960, an offense against a foreign nation constituting specified unlawful activity under section 1956, a foreign offense for which enforcement of a foreign forfeiture judgment could be brought under [section 2467 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section2467&num=0&edition=prelim), or chapter 53 of title 31; or (ii) section 1341 or 1343 affecting a financial institution. **(c)** As used in this section, the term “criminal investigator” means any individual duly authorized by a department, agency, or armed force of the United States to conduct or engage in investigations of or prosecutions for violations of the criminal laws of the United States. **(d)** (1) Whoever— (A) acting as, or being, an officer, director, agent or employee of a person engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce, or (B) is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce or is involved (other than as an insured or beneficiary under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating to the conduct of affairs of such a business, with intent to obstruct a judicial proceeding, directly or indirectly notifies any other person about the existence or contents of a subpoena for records of that person engaged in such business or information that has been furnished to a Federal grand jury in response to that subpoena, shall be fined as provided by this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. (2) As used in paragraph (1), the term “subpoena for records” means a Federal grand jury subpoena for records that has been served relating to a violation of, or a conspiracy to violate, [section 1033 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1033&num=0&edition=prelim). **(e)** Whoever, having been notified of the applicable disclosure prohibitions or confidentiality requirements of [section 2709(c)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2709/c/1&num=0&edition=prelim), section 626(d)(1) or 627(c)(1) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act ([15 U.S.C. 1681u(d)(1)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1681u/d/1&num=0&edition=prelim) or 1681v(c)(1)), section 1114(a)(3)(A) or 1114(a)(5)(D)(i) of the Right to Financial Privacy Act 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by “of 1978”. ([12 U.S.C. 3414(a)(3)(A)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3414/a/3/A&num=0&edition=prelim) or 3414(a)(5)(D)(i)), or section 802(b)(1) of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 436(b)(1)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section436/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim)),22 See References in Text note below. knowingly and with the intent to obstruct an investigation or judicial proceeding violates such prohibitions or requirements applicable by law to such person shall be imprisoned for not more than five years, fined under this title, or both.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 3486 — Administrative subpoenas

**(a) Authorization.—** (1) (A) In any investigation of— (i) (I) a Federal health care offense; or (II) a Federal offense involving the sexual exploitation or abuse of children, the Attorney General; (ii) an unregistered sex offender conducted by the United States Marshals Service, the Director of the United States Marshals Service; or (iii) an offense under section 871 or 879, or a threat against a person protected by the United States Secret Service under paragraph (5) or (6) of section 3056,11 So in original. Probably should be section “3056(a),”. if the Director of the Secret Service determines that the threat constituting the offense or the threat against the person protected is imminent, the Secretary of the Treasury, may issue in writing and cause to be served a subpoena requiring the production and testimony described in subparagraph (B). (B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a subpoena issued under subparagraph (A) may require— (i) the production of any records or other things relevant to the investigation; and (ii) testimony by the custodian of the things required to be produced concerning the production and authenticity of those things. (C) A subpoena issued under subparagraph (A) with respect to a provider of electronic communication service or remote computing service, in an investigation of a Federal offense involving the sexual exploitation or abuse of children shall not extend beyond— (i) requiring that provider to disclose the information specified in section 2703(c)(2), which may be relevant to an authorized law enforcement inquiry; or (ii) requiring a custodian of the records of that provider to give testimony concerning the production and authentication of such records or information. (

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 2467 — Enforcement of foreign judgment

**(a) Definitions.—** In this section— (1) the term “foreign nation” means a country that has become a party to the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (referred to in this section as the “United Nations Convention”) or a foreign jurisdiction with which the United States has a treaty or other formal international agreement in effect providing for mutual forfeiture assistance; and (2) the term “forfeiture or confiscation judgment” means a final order of a foreign nation compelling a person or entity— (A) to pay a sum of money representing the proceeds of an offense described in Article 3, Paragraph 1, of the United Nations Convention, any violation of foreign law that would constitute a violation or an offense for which property could be forfeited under Federal law if the offense were committed in the United States, or any foreign offense described in [section 1956(c)(7)(B) of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1956/c/7/B&num=0&edition=prelim), or property the value of which corresponds to such proceeds; or (B) to forfeit property involved in or traceable to the commission of such offense. **(b) Review by Attorney General.—** (1) **In general.—** — A foreign nation seeking to have a forfeiture or confiscation judgment registered and enforced by a district court of the United States under this section shall first submit a request to the Attorney General or the designee of the Attorney General, which request shall include— (A) a summary of the facts of the case and a description of the proceedings that resulted in the forfeiture or confiscation judgment; (B) certified 11 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “a”. copy of the forfeiture or

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1033 — Crimes by or affecting persons engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce

**(a)** (1) Whoever is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce and knowingly, with the intent to deceive, makes any false material statement or report or willfully and materially overvalues any land, property or security— (A) in connection with any financial reports or documents presented to any insurance regulatory official or agency or an agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of such person, and (B) for the purpose of influencing the actions of such official or agency or such an appointed agent or examiner, shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2). (2) The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as established under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that the term of imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years if the statement or report or overvaluing of land, property, or security jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court. **(b)** (1) Whoever— (A) acting as, or being an officer, director, agent, or employee of, any person engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce, or (B) is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce or is involved (other than as an insured or beneficiary under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating to the conduct of affairs of such a business, willfully embezzles, abstracts, purloins, or misappropriates any of the moneys, funds, premiums, credits, or other property of such person so engaged shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2). (2) The punishment for an offense

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 3162 — Operational files of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

**(a) Exemption of certain operational files from search, review, publication, or disclosure** (1) The Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, with the coordination of the Director of National Intelligence, may exempt operational files of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency from the provisions of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim) which require publication, disclosure, search, or review in connection therewith. (2) (A) Subject to subparagraph (B), for the purposes of this section, the term “operational files” means files of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (hereafter in this section referred to as “NGA”) concerning the activities of NGA that before the establishment of NGA were performed by the National Photographic Interpretation Center of the Central Intelligence Agency (NPIC), that document the means by which foreign intelligence or counterintelligence is collected through scientific and technical systems. (B) Files which are the sole repository of disseminated intelligence are not operational files. (3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), exempted operational files shall continue to be subject to search and review for information concerning— (A) United States citizens or aliens lawfully admitted for permanent residence who have requested information on themselves pursuant to the provisions of section 552 or 552a of title 5; (B) any special activity the existence of which is not exempt from disclosure under the provisions of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim); or (C) the specific subject matter of an investigation by any of the following fo

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 3512 — Foreign requests for assistance in criminal investigations and prosecutions

**(a) Execution of Request for Assistance.—** (1) **In general.—** — Upon application, duly authorized by an appropriate official of the Department of Justice, of an attorney for the Government, a Federal judge may issue such orders as may be necessary to execute a request from a foreign authority for assistance in the investigation or prosecution of criminal offenses, or in proceedings related to the prosecution of criminal offenses, including proceedings regarding forfeiture, sentencing, and restitution. (2) **Scope of orders.—** — Any order issued by a Federal judge pursuant to paragraph (1) may include the issuance of— (A) a search warrant, as provided under Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure; (B) a warrant or order for contents of stored wire or electronic communications or for records related thereto, as provided under [section 2703 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2703&num=0&edition=prelim); (C) an order for a pen register or trap and trace device as provided under [section 3123 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3123&num=0&edition=prelim); or (D) an order requiring the appearance of a person for the purpose of providing testimony or a statement, or requiring the production of documents or other things, or both. **(b) Appointment of Persons To Take Testimony or Statements.—** (1) **In general.—** — In response to an application for execution of a request from a foreign authority as described under subsection (a), a Federal judge may also issue an order appointing a person to direct the taking of testimony or statements or of the production of documents or other things, or both. (2) **Authority of appointed person.—** —

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1512 — Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant

**(a)** (1) Whoever kills or attempts to kill another person, with intent to— (A) prevent the attendance or testimony of any person in an official proceeding; (B) prevent the production of a record, document, or other object, in an official proceeding; or (C) prevent the communication by any person to a law enforcement officer or judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of probation, parole, or release pending judicial proceedings; (2) Whoever uses physical force or the threat of physical force against any person, or attempts to do so, with intent to— (A) influence, delay, or prevent the testimony of any person in an official proceeding; (B) cause or induce any person to— (i) withhold testimony, or withhold a record, document, or other object, from an official proceeding; (ii) alter, destroy, mutilate, or conceal an object with intent to impair the integrity or availability of the object for use in an official proceeding; (iii) evade legal process summoning that person to appear as a witness, or to produce a record, document, or other object, in an official proceeding; or (iv) be absent from an official proceeding to which that person has been summoned by legal process; or (C) hinder, delay, or prevent the communication to a law enforcement officer or judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of probation, supervised release, parole, or release pending judicial proceedings; shall be punished as provided in paragraph (3). (3) The punishment for an offense under this subsection is— (A) in the case of a killing, the punishment pro

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 1782 — Assistance to foreign and international tribunals and to litigants before such tribunals

**(a)** The district court of the district in which a person resides or is found may order him to give his testimony or statement or to produce a document or other thing for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal, including criminal investigations conducted before formal accusation. The order may be made pursuant to a letter rogatory issued, or request made, by a foreign or international tribunal or upon the application of any interested person and may direct that the testimony or statement be given, or the document or other thing be produced, before a person appointed by the court. By virtue of his appointment, the person appointed has power to administer any necessary oath and take the testimony or statement. The order may prescribe the practice and procedure, which may be in whole or part the practice and procedure of the foreign country or the international tribunal, for taking the testimony or statement or producing the document or other thing. To the extent that the order does not prescribe otherwise, the testimony or statement shall be taken, and the document or other thing produced, in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.A person may not be compelled to give his testimony or statement or to produce a document or other thing in violation of any legally applicable privilege. **(b)** This chapter does not preclude a person within the United States from voluntarily giving his testimony or statement, or producing a document or other thing, for use in a proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal before any person and in any manner acceptable to him.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

31 U.S.C. § 5318 — Compliance, exemptions, and summons authority

**(a) General Powers of Secretary.—** The Secretary of the Treasury may (except under [section 5315 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5315&num=0&edition=prelim) and regulations prescribed under section 5315)— (1) except as provided in subsections (b)(2) and (h)(4), delegate duties and powers under this subchapter to an appropriate supervising agency and the United States Postal Service; (2) require a class of domestic financial institutions or nonfinancial trades or businesses to maintain appropriate procedures, including the collection and reporting of certain information as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe by regulation, to ensure compliance with this subchapter and regulations prescribed under this subchapter or to guard against money laundering, the financing of terrorism, or other forms of illicit finance; (3) examine any books, papers, records, or other data of domestic financial institutions or nonfinancial trades or businesses relevant to the recordkeeping or reporting requirements of this subchapter; (4) summon a financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business, an officer or employee of a financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business (including a former officer or employee), or any person having possession, custody, or care of the reports and records required under this subchapter, to appear before the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate at a time and place named in the summons and to produce such books, papers, records, or other data, and to give testimony, under oath, as may be relevant or material to an investigation described in subsection (b); (5) exempt from the requirements of this subchapter any class of transactions within any State if the Secretary determi

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 3414 — Special procedures

**(a) Access to financial records for certain intelligence and protective purposes** (1) Nothing in this chapter (except sections 3415, 3417, 3418, and 3421 11 See References in Text note below. of this title) shall apply to the production and disclosure of financial records pursuant to requests from— (A) a Government authority authorized to conduct foreign counter- or foreign positive-intelligence activities for purposes of conducting such activities; (B) the Secret Service for the purpose of conducting its protective functions ([18 U.S.C. 3056](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3056&num=0&edition=prelim); [18 U.S.C. 3056A](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3056A&num=0&edition=prelim), Public Law 90–331,1 as amended); or (C) a Government authority authorized to conduct investigations of, or intelligence or counterintelligence analyses related to, international terrorism for the purpose of conducting such investigations or analyses. (2) In the instances specified in paragraph (1), the Government authority shall submit to the financial institution the certificate required in [section 3403(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3403/b&num=0&edition=prelim) signed by a supervisory official of a rank designated by the head of the Government authority and a term that specifically identifies a customer, entity, or account to be used as the basis for the production and disclosure of financial records. (3) (A) If the Government authority described in paragraph (1) or the Secret Service, as the case may be, certifies that otherwise there may result a danger to the national security of the United States, interference with a crim

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 3414 — Special procedures

Page 1546 TITLE 12—BANKS AND BANKING § 3414 1 See References in Text note below. further details and complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Codification note set out preceding section 231 of Title 45, section 231t of Title 45, and Ta- bles. CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246. AMENDMENTS 2010—Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 111–203 added subsec. (r). 2008—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 110–246, § 14205, inserted heading, added pars. (2) and (3), and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: ‘‘Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any request authorized by para- graph (1) (and the information contained therein) may be used by the financial institution or its agents solely for the purpose of providing the customer’s name and address to the Department of the Treasury, the Social Security Administration, or the Railroad Retirement Board and shall be barred from redisclosure by the fi- nancial institution or its agents.’’ Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 110–289 substituted ‘‘Federal Housing Finance Agency’’ for ‘‘Federal Housing Fi- nance Board’’ and ‘‘Federal Housing Finance Agency’s’’ for ‘‘Federal Housing Finance Board’s’’. 2004—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted ‘‘Govern- ment Accountability Office’’ for ‘‘General Accounting Office’’. 1998—Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 105–264 added subsec. (q). 1992—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 102–568 added subsec. (p). 1991—Subsec. (h)(1)(A), (4). Pub. L. 102–242, § 411(2), (3), substituted ‘‘a financial institution (whether or not such proceeding, investigation, examination, or inspec- tion is also directed at a customer)’’ for ‘‘the financial institution in possession of such record

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