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8 U.S.C. § 1429 — Prerequisite to naturalization; burden of proof

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1429 — Prerequisite to naturalization; burden of proof

Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, no person shall be naturalized unless he has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence in accordance with all applicable provisions of this chapter. The burden of proof shall be upon such person to show that he entered the United States lawfully, and the time, place, and manner of such entry into the United States, but in presenting such proof he shall be entitled to the production of his immigrant visa, if any, or of other entry document, if any, and of any other documents and records, not considered by the Attorney General to be confidential, pertaining to such entry, in the custody of the Service. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 405(b),11 See References in Text note below. and except as provided in sections 1439 and 1440 of this title no person shall be naturalized against whom there is outstanding a final finding of deportability pursuant to a warrant of arrest issued under the provisions of this chapter or any other Act; and no application for naturalization shall be considered by the Attorney General if there is pending against the applicant a removal proceeding pursuant to a warrant of arrest issued under the provisions of this chapter or any other Act: Provided, That the findings of the Attorney General in terminating removal proceedings or in canceling the removal of an alien pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, shall not be deemed binding in any way upon the Attorney General with respect to the question of whether such person has established his eligibility for naturalization as required by this subchapter.

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_8af0489e1558332faf5970a3
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-8/section-1429-prerequisite-to-naturalization-burden-of-proof--d16b284fab.md
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Source location: Title 8, Chapter 12, § 1429; chapter-012-immigration-and-nationality.md

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Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, no person shall be naturalized unless he has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence in accordance with all applicable provisions of this chapter. The burden of proof shall be upon such person to show that he entered the United States lawfully, and the time, place, and manner of such entry into the United States, but in presenting such proof he shall be entitled to the production of his immigrant visa, if any, or of other entry document, if any, and of any other documents and records, not considered by the Attorney General to be confidential, pertaining to such entry, in the custody of the Service. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 405(b),11 See References in Text note below. and except as provided in sections 1439 and 1440 of this title no person shall be naturalized against whom there is outstanding a final finding of deportability pursuant to a warrant of arrest issued under the provisions of this chapter or any other Act; and no application for naturalization shall be considered by the Attorney General if there is pending against the applicant a removal proceeding pursuant to a warrant of arrest issued under the provisions of this chapter or any other Act: Provided, That the findings of the Attorney General in terminating removal proceedings or in canceling the removal of an alien pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, shall not be deemed binding in any way upon the Attorney General with respect to the question of whether such person has established his eligibility for naturalization as required by this subchapter.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1551 — Immigration and Naturalization Service

There is created and established in the Department of Justice an Immigration and Naturalization Service.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1101 — Definitions

**(a)** As used in this chapter— (1) The term “administrator” means the official designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to [section 1104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1104/b&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) The term “advocates” includes, but is not limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by overt act, and admits belief in. (3) The term “alien” means any person not a citizen or national of the United States. (4) The term “application for admission” has reference to the application for admission into the United States and not to the application for the issuance of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa. (5) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States. (6) The term “border crossing identification card” means a document of identity bearing that designation issued to an alien who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or to an alien who is a resident in foreign contiguous territory, by a consular officer or an immigration officer for the purpose of crossing over the borders between the United States and foreign contiguous territory in accordance with such conditions for its issuance and use as may be prescribed by regulations. Such regulations shall provide that (A) each such document include a biometric identifier (such as the fingerprint or handprint of the alien) that is machine readable and (B) an alien presenting a border crossing identification card is not permitted to cross over the border into the United States unless the biometric identifier contained on the card matches the appropriate biometric characteristic of the alien. (7) The term “clerk of court” means a clerk of a naturalization court. (8) The terms “Commissioner” and “Deputy Commissioner” mean the Co

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1439 — Naturalization through service in the armed forces

**(a) Requirements** A person who has served honorably at any time in the armed forces of the United States for a period or periods aggregating one year, and, who, if separated from such service, was never separated except under honorable conditions, may be naturalized without having resided, continuously immediately preceding the date of filing such person’s application, in the United States for at least five years, and in the State or district of the Service in the United States in which the application for naturalization is filed for at least three months, and without having been physically present in the United States for any specified period, if such application is filed while the applicant is still in the service or within six months after the termination of such service. **(b) Exceptions** A person filing an application under subsection (a) of this section shall comply in all other respects with the requirements of this subchapter, except that— (1) no residence within a State or district of the Service in the United States shall be required; (2) notwithstanding [section 1429 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1429&num=0&edition=prelim) insofar as it relates to deportability, such applicant may be naturalized immediately if the applicant be then actually in the Armed Forces of the United States, and if prior to the filing of the application, the applicant shall have appeared before and been examined by a representative of the Service; (3) the applicant shall furnish to the Secretary of Homeland Security, prior to any hearing upon his application, a certified statement from the proper executive department for each period of his service upon which he relies for the benefits of this section, clearly showing t

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1440 — Naturalization through active-duty service in the Armed Forces during World War I, World War II, Korean hostilities, Vietnam hostilities, or other periods of military hostilities

**(a) Requirements** Any person who, while an alien or a noncitizen national of the United States, has served honorably as a member of the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve or in an active-duty status in the military, air, or naval forces of the United States during either World War I or during a period beginning September 1, 1939, and ending December 31, 1946, or during a period beginning June 25, 1950, and ending July 1, 1955, or during a period beginning February 28, 1961, and ending on a date designated by the President by Executive order as of the date of termination of the Vietnam hostilities, or thereafter during any other period which the President by Executive order shall designate as a period in which Armed Forces of the United States are or were engaged in military operations involving armed conflict with a hostile foreign force, and who, if separated from such service, was separated under honorable conditions, may be naturalized as provided in this section if (1) at the time of enlistment, reenlistment, extension of enlistment, or induction such person shall have been in the United States, the Canal Zone, American Samoa, or Swains Island, or on board a public vessel owned or operated by the United States for noncommercial service, whether or not he has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence, or (2) at any time subsequent to enlistment or induction such person shall have been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence. The executive department under which such person served shall determine whether persons have served honorably in an active-duty status, and whether separation from such service was under honorable conditions: Provided, however, That no person who is or has been separated from such service on

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1441 — Constructive residence through service on certain United States vessels

Any periods of time during all of which a person who was previously lawfully admitted for permanent residence has served honorably or with good conduct, in any capacity other than as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States, (A) on board a vessel operated by the United States, or an agency thereof, the full legal and equitable title to which is in the United States; or (B) on board a vessel whose home port is in the United States, and (i) which is registered under the laws of the United States, or (ii) the full legal and equitable title to which is in a citizen of the United States, or a corporation organized under the laws of any of the several States of the United States, shall be deemed residence and physical presence within the United States within the meaning of [section 1427(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1427/a&num=0&edition=prelim), if such service occurred within five years immediately preceding the date such person shall file an application for naturalization. Service on vessels described in clause (A) of this section shall be proved by duly authenticated copies of the records of the executive departments or agency having custody of the records of such service. Service on vessels described in clause (B) of this section may be proved by certificates from the masters of such vessels.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 728 to 746 — Repealed. June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, § 403(a)(42), (46), 66 Stat. 280, eff. Dec. 24, 1952

### Statutory Notes Section 728, act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 328, 54 Stat. 1151, related to registration of aliens. See sections 1230 and 1259 of this title. Section 729, acts Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 329, 54 Stat. 1152; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title I, § 27, 64 Stat. 1015, related to certificate of arrival. See [section 1429 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1429&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 730, act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 330, 54 Stat. 1152, related to photographs. See [section 1444 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1444&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 731, acts Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 331, 54 Stat. 1153; May 31, 1947, ch. 87, § 1, 61 Stat. 121, related to declaration of intention. See [section 1445(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1445/f&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 732, acts Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 332, 54 Stat. 1154; May 31, 1947, ch. 87, § 2, 61 Stat. 122; June 25, 1948, ch. 656, 62 Stat. 1026, related to petition for naturalization. See section 1445(a)–(d) of this title. Section 732a, act May 31, 1947, ch. 87, § 5, 61 Stat. 122, related to waiver of appearance or petition for naturalization. See [section 1445(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1445/e&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 733, acts Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 333, 54 Stat. 1156; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title I, § 28(a), 64 Stat. 1016, related to hearings on petitions. See section 1446(a)–(e) of this title. Section 734, a

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

8 U.S.C. § 1429 — Prerequisite to naturalization; burden of

Page 494 TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY § 1428 1 See References in Text note below. ‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— ‘‘(1) the term ‘child’ means a child as defined in subparagraphs (A) through (E) of section 101(b)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1101(b)(1)], without regard to age or marital status; and ‘‘(2) the term ‘spouse’ means the wife or husband of a deceased alien referred to in subsection (b) who was married to such alien during the time the alien par- ticipated in the conduct of United States intelligence activities.’’ § 1428. Temporary absence of persons performing religious duties Any person who is authorized to perform the ministerial or priestly functions of a religious denomination having a bona fide organization within the United States, or any person who is engaged solely by a religious denomination or by an interdenominational mission organization having a bona fide organization within the United States as a missionary, brother, nun, or sister, who (1) has been lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence, (2) has at any time thereafter and before filing an appli- cation for naturalization been physically present and residing within the United States for an uninterrupted period of at least one year, and (3) has heretofore been or may hereafter be absent temporarily from the United States in connection with or for the purpose of performing the ministerial or priestly functions of such reli- gious denomination, or serving as a missionary, brother, nun, or sister, shall be considered as being physically present and residing in the United States for the purpose of naturalization within the meaning of section 1427(a) of this title, notwithstanding any such absence fro

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