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18 U.S.C. § 1203 — Hostage taking
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, whoever, whether inside or outside the United States, seizes or detains and threatens to kill, to injure, or to continue to detain another person in order to compel a third person or a governmental organization to do or abstain from doing any act as an explicit or implicit condition for the release of the person detained, or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment.
**(b)**
(1) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct required for the offense occurred outside the United States unless—
(A) the offender or the person seized or detained is a national of the United States;
(B) the offender is found in the United States; or
(C) the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the Government of the United States.
(2) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct required for the offense occurred inside the United States, each alleged offender and each person seized or detained are nationals of the United States, and each alleged offender is found in the United States, unless the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the Government of the United States.
**(c)** As used in this section, the term “national of the United States” has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101/a/22&num=0&edition=prelim)).
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 55, § 1203; chapter-055-kidnapping.md
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**(a)** Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, whoever, whether inside or outside the United States, seizes or detains and threatens to kill, to injure, or to continue to detain another person in order to compel a third person or a governmental organization to do or abstain from doing any act as an explicit or implicit condition for the release of the person detained, or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment.
**(b)**
(1) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct required for the offense occurred outside the United States unless—
(A) the offender or the person seized or detained is a national of the United States;
(B) the offender is found in the United States; or
(C) the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the Government of the United States.
(2) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct required for the offense occurred inside the United States, each alleged offender and each person seized or detained are nationals of the United States, and each alleged offender is found in the United States, unless the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the Government of the United States.
**(c)** As used in this section, the term “national of the United States” has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101/a/22&num=0&edition=prelim)).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever unlawfully seizes, confines, inveigles, decoys, kidnaps, abducts, or carries away and holds for ransom or reward or otherwise any person, except in the case of a minor by the parent thereof, when—
(1) the person is willfully transported in interstate or foreign commerce, regardless of whether the person was alive when transported across a State boundary, or the offender travels in interstate or foreign commerce or uses the mail or any means, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce in committing or in furtherance of the commission of the offense;
(2) any such act against the person is done within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States;
(3) any such act against the person is done within the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States as defined in [section 46501 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section46501&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) the person is a foreign official, an internationally protected person, or an official guest as those terms are defined in [section 1116(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1116/b&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(5) the person is among those officers and employees described in [section 1114 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1114&num=0&edition=prelim) and any such act against the person is done while the person is engaged in, or on account of, the performance of official duties,
shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment.
**(b)** With respect to subsection (a)(1), above, the failure to release t
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 356
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 1202
SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 2001, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat.
2186, provided that: ‘‘This part [part A (§§ 2001–2003) of
chapter XX of title II of Pub. L. 98–473, enacting section
1203 of this title and provisions set out as a note under
section 1203 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Act for
the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Hos-
tage-Taking’.’’
§ 1202. Ransom money
(a) Whoever receives, possesses, or disposes of
any money or other property, or any portion
thereof, which has at any time been delivered as
ransom or reward in connection with a violation
of section 1201 of this title, knowing the same to
be money or property which has been at any
time delivered as such ransom or reward, shall
be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
than ten years, or both.
(b) A person who transports, transmits, or
transfers in interstate or foreign commerce any
proceeds of a kidnapping punishable under State
law by imprisonment for more than 1 year, or
receives, possesses, conceals, or disposes of any
such proceeds after they have crossed a State or
United States boundary, knowing the proceeds
to have been unlawfully obtained, shall be im-
prisoned not more than 10 years, fined under
this title, or both.
(c) For purposes of this section, the term
‘‘State’’ has the meaning set forth in section
245(d) of this title.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 760; Pub. L.
103–322, title XXXII, § 320601(b), title XXXIII,
§ 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2115, 2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 408c–1 (June 22,
1932, ch. 271, § 4, as added Jan. 24, 1936, ch. 29, 49 Stat.
1099).
Words ‘‘in the penitentiary’’ after ‘‘i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** As used in this chapter—
(1) The term “administrator” means the official designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to [section 1104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1104/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The term “advocates” includes, but is not limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by overt act, and admits belief in.
(3) The term “alien” means any person not a citizen or national of the United States.
(4) The term “application for admission” has reference to the application for admission into the United States and not to the application for the issuance of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa.
(5) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States.
(6) The term “border crossing identification card” means a document of identity bearing that designation issued to an alien who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or to an alien who is a resident in foreign contiguous territory, by a consular officer or an immigration officer for the purpose of crossing over the borders between the United States and foreign contiguous territory in accordance with such conditions for its issuance and use as may be prescribed by regulations. Such regulations shall provide that (A) each such document include a biometric identifier (such as the fingerprint or handprint of the alien) that is machine readable and (B) an alien presenting a border crossing identification card is not permitted to cross over the border into the United States unless the biometric identifier contained on the card matches the appropriate biometric characteristic of the alien.
(7) The term “clerk of court” means a clerk of a naturalization court.
(8) The terms “Commissioner” and “Deputy Commissioner” mean the Co
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 16
TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY
§ 1101
Sec.
1484 to 1487. Repealed.
1488.
Nationality lost solely from performance of
acts or fulfillment of conditions.
1489.
Application of treaties; exceptions.
PART IV—MISCELLANEOUS
1501.
Certificate of diplomatic or consular officer
of United States as to loss of American na-
tionality.
1502.
Certificate of nationality issued by Secretary
of State for person not a naturalized citizen
of United States for use in proceedings of a
foreign state.
1503.
Denial of rights and privileges as national.
1504.
Cancellation of United States passports and
Consular Reports of Birth.
SUBCHAPTER IV—REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
1521.
Office of Refugee Resettlement; establish-
ment; appointment of Director; functions.
1522.
Authorization for programs for domestic re-
settlement of and assistance to refugees.
1523.
Congressional reports.
1524.
Authorization of appropriations.
1525.
Repealed.
SUBCHAPTER V—ALIEN TERRORIST REMOVAL
PROCEDURES
1531.
Definitions.
1532.
Establishment of removal court.
1533.
Removal court procedure.
1534.
Removal hearing.
1535.
Appeals.
1536.
Custody and release pending removal hearing.
1537.
Custody and release after removal hearing.
SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 1101. Definitions
(a) As used in this chapter—
(1) The term ‘‘administrator’’ means the offi-
cial designated by the Secretary of State pursu-
ant to section 1104(b) of this title.
(2) The term ‘‘advocates’’ includes, but is not
limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by
overt act, and admits belief in.
(3) The term ‘‘alien’’ means any person not a
citizen or national of the United States.
(4) The term ‘‘application for admission’’ has
reference to the application for admission into
the United States and not
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