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18 U.S.C. § 1004 — Certification of checks
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, being an officer, director, agent, or employee of any Federal Reserve bank, member bank of the Federal Reserve System, insured bank (as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act), branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) 11 See References in Text note below. of the Federal Reserve Act, certifies a check before the amount thereof has been regularly deposited in the bank, branch, agency, or organization, by the drawer thereof, or resorts to any device, or receives any fictitious obligation, directly or collaterally, in order to evade any of the provisions of law relating to certification of checks, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-1004-certification-of-checks--cab544ff98.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 47, § 1004; chapter-047-fraud-and-false-statements.md
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Whoever, being an officer, director, agent, or employee of any Federal Reserve bank, member bank of the Federal Reserve System, insured bank (as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act), branch or agency of a foreign bank (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3) of section 1(b) of the International Banking Act of 1978), or organization operating under section 25 or section 25(a) 11 See References in Text note below. of the Federal Reserve Act, certifies a check before the amount thereof has been regularly deposited in the bank, branch, agency, or organization, by the drawer thereof, or resorts to any device, or receives any fictitious obligation, directly or collaterally, in order to evade any of the provisions of law relating to certification of checks, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Short Title of 2026 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.”
#### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
(1) “agency” means any office or any place of business of a foreign bank located in any State of the United States at which credit balances are maintained incidental to or arising out of the exercise of banking powers, checks are paid, or money is lent but at which deposits may not be accepted from citizens or residents of the United States;
(2) “Board” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;
(3) “branch” means any office or any place of business of a foreign bank located in any State of the United States at which deposits are received;
(4) “Comptroller” means the Comptroller of the Currency;
(5) “Federal agency” means an agency of a foreign bank established and operating under [section 3102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3102&num=0&edition=prelim);
(6) “Federal branch” means a branch of a foreign bank established and operating under [section 3102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section3102&num=0&edition=prelim);
(7) “foreign bank” means any company organized under the laws of a foreign country, a territory of the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, or the Virgin Islands, which engages in the business of banking, or any subsidiary or affiliate, organized under such laws, of any such company. For the purposes of this chapter the term “foreign bank” includes, without limitation, foreign commercial banks, foreign merchant banks and other foreign institutions that engage in banking activities usual in connection with the business of banking in the countries where such foreign institutions are organized or operating;
(8) “foreign country” means any country other than the United States, and
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The district courts of the United States shall have original jurisdiction, exclusive of the courts of the States, of all offenses against the laws of the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It shall be unlawful for any officer, director, agent, or employee of any Federal reserve bank, or any member bank as defined in this chapter, to certify any check drawn upon such Federal reserve bank or member bank unless the person, firm, or corporation drawing the check has on deposit with such Federal reserve bank or member bank, at the time such check is certified, an amount of money not less than the amount specified in such check. Any check so certified by a duly authorized officer, director, agent, or employee shall be a good and valid obligation against such Federal reserve bank or member bank; but the act of any officer, director, agent, or employee of any such Federal reserve bank or member bank in violation of this section shall, in the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, subject such Federal reserve bank to the penalties imposed by subsection (h) of [section 248 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section248&num=0&edition=prelim), and shall subject such member banks, if a national bank, to the liability and proceedings on the part of the Comptroller of the Currency provided for in [section 192 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section192&num=0&edition=prelim), and shall, in the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, subject any other member bank to the penalties imposed by subchapter VIII of chapter 3 of this title for the violation of any of the provisions of this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 591, R.S. § 5208; acts July 12, 1882, ch. 290, § 13, 22 Stat. 166; Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 7, 40 Stat. 972; Feb. 25, 1927, ch. 191, § 12, 44 Stat. 1231, related to unlawful certification of checks. See [section 1004 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1004&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 592, R.S. § 5209; acts Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 7, 40 Stat. 972; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, § 316, 49 Stat. 712, related to embezzlement. See sections 334, 656, and 1005 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 593, acts Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 22(a), 38 Stat. 272; Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 5, 40 Stat. 970; Feb. 25, 1927, ch. 191, § 15, 44 Stat. 1232; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, § 326(a), 49 Stat. 715, related to loans and gratuities.
Section 594, acts Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 22(b), 38 Stat. 272; Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 5, 40 Stat. 970; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title III, § 326(b), 49 Stat. 716, related to bank examiners performing other services for compensation and disclosure of information. See sections 1906 and 1909 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 595, acts Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 22(c), 38 Stat. 272; June 21, 1917, ch. 32, § 11, 40 Stat. 240; Sept. 26, 1918, ch. 177, § 5, 40 Stat. 970, related to officers and employees accepting commissions and gifts for procuring loans. See [section 215 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section215&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 596, act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 22(h), as added June 19, 1934, ch. 653, § 3, 48 Stat. 1107, related to false statements or overvaluation of securities to secure loan. See [sect
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 298
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 1002
1 See References in Text note below.
§ 1002. Possession of false papers to defraud
United States
Whoever, knowingly and with intent to de-
fraud the United States, or any agency thereof,
possesses any false, altered, forged, or counter-
feited writing or document for the purpose of en-
abling another to obtain from the United States,
or from any agency, officer or agent thereof, any
sum of money, shall be fined under this title or
imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 749; Pub. L.
103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994,
108 Stat. 2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 74 (Mar. 4, 1909, ch.
321, § 30, 35 Stat. 1094).
Words ‘‘or any agency thereof’’ after ‘‘United States’’
and word ‘‘agency’’ after ‘‘any’’ and before ‘‘officer,’’
were inserted to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to
scope of section. (See definition of ‘‘agency’’ in section
6 of this title.)
The maximum fine of ‘‘$10,000’’ was substituted for
‘‘$500’’ in order to conform punishment provisions to
those of comparable sections. (See section 1001 of this
title.)
Minor verbal change was made.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this
title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $10,000’’.
§ 1003. Demands against the United States
Whoever knowingly and fraudulently demands
or endeavors to obtain any share or sum in the
public stocks of the United States, or to have
any part thereof transferred, assigned, sold, or
conveyed, or to have any annuity, dividend, pen-
sion, wages, gratuity, or other debt due from the
United States, or any part thereof, received, or
paid by virtue of any false, forged, or counte
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