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52 U.S.C. § 30110 — Judicial review
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Commission, the national committee of any political party, or any individual eligible to vote in any election for the office of President may institute such actions in the appropriate district court of the United States, including actions for declaratory judgment, as may be appropriate to construe the constitutionality of any provision of this Act. The district court immediately shall certify all questions of constitutionality of this Act to the United States court of appeals for the circuit involved, which shall hear the matter sitting en banc.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 52 U.S.C. § 30110
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_847e9c80f87b66dc93869559
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-52/section-30110-judicial-review--1de722da35.md
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Source location: Title 52, Chapter 301, § 30110; chapter-301-federal-election-campaigns.md
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The Commission, the national committee of any political party, or any individual eligible to vote in any election for the office of President may institute such actions in the appropriate district court of the United States, including actions for declaratory judgment, as may be appropriate to construe the constitutionality of any provision of this Act. The district court immediately shall certify all questions of constitutionality of this Act to the United States court of appeals for the circuit involved, which shall hear the matter sitting en banc.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; membership; term of office; vacancies; qualifications; compensation; chairman and vice chairman**
(1) There is established a commission to be known as the Federal Election Commission. The Commission is composed of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives or their designees, ex officio and without the right to vote, and 6 members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. No more than 3 members of the Commission appointed under this paragraph may be affiliated with the same political party.
(2)
(A) Members of the Commission shall serve for a single term of 6 years, except that of the members first appointed—
(i) two of the members, not affiliated with the same political party, shall be appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1977;
(ii) two of the members, not affiliated with the same political party, shall be appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1979; and
(iii) two of the members, not affiliated with the same political party, shall be appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1981.
(B) A member of the Commission may serve on the Commission after the expiration of his or her term until his or her successor has taken office as a member of the Commission.
(C) An individual appointed to fill a vacancy occurring other than by the expiration of a term of office shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of the member he or she succeeds.
(D) Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the Commission shall be filled in the same manner as in the case of the original appointment.
(3) Members shall be chosen on the basis of their experience, integrity, impartiality, and good judgment and members (other than the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 52 U.S.C. § 30106
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each court of the United States shall determine the order in which civil actions are heard and determined, except that the court shall expedite the consideration of any action brought under chapter 153 or [section 1826 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1826&num=0&edition=prelim), any action for temporary or preliminary injunctive relief, or any other action if good cause therefor is shown. For purposes of this subsection, “good cause” is shown if a right under the Constitution of the United States or a Federal Statute (including rights under [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim)) would be maintained in a factual context that indicates that a request for expedited consideration has merit.
**(b)** The Judicial Conference of the United States may modify the rules adopted by the courts to determine the order in which civil actions are heard and determined, in order to establish consistency among the judicial circuits.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1657
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 92–225, title III, § 310, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 19, related to prohibition of contributions in the name of another. See [section 30122 of Title 52](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30122&num=0&edition=prelim), Voting and Elections.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as an Effective Date of 1974 Amendment note under [section 30101 of Title 52](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30101&num=0&edition=prelim), Voting and Elections.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 440
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A district court of three judges shall be convened when otherwise required by Act of Congress, or when an action is filed challenging the constitutionality of the apportionment of congressional districts or the apportionment of any statewide legislative body.
**(b)** In any action required to be heard and determined by a district court of three judges under subsection (a) of this section, the composition and procedure of the court shall be as follows:
(1) Upon the filing of a request for three judges, the judge to whom the request is presented shall, unless he determines that three judges are not required, immediately notify the chief judge of the circuit, who shall designate two other judges, at least one of whom shall be a circuit judge. The judges so designated, and the judge to whom the request was presented, shall serve as members of the court to hear and determine the action or proceeding.
(2) If the action is against a State, or officer or agency thereof, at least five days’ notice of hearing of the action shall be given by registered or certified mail to the Governor and attorney general of the State.
(3) A single judge may conduct all proceedings except the trial, and enter all orders permitted by the rules of civil procedure except as provided in this subsection. He may grant a temporary restraining order on a specific finding, based on evidence submitted, that specified irreparable damage will result if the order is not granted, which order, unless previously revoked by the district judge, shall remain in force only until the hearing and determination by the district court of three judges of an application for a preliminary injunction. A single judge shall not appoint a master, or order a reference, or hear and determine any application for a prel
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 2284
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 437h was editorially reclassified as [section 30110 of Title 52](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30110&num=0&edition=prelim), Voting and Elections.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 437h
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Cases in the courts of appeals may be reviewed by the Supreme Court by the following methods:
(1) By writ of certiorari granted upon the petition of any party to any civil or criminal case, before or after rendition of judgment or decree;
(2) By certification at any time by a court of appeals of any question of law in any civil or criminal case as to which instructions are desired, and upon such certification the Supreme Court may give binding instructions or require the entire record to be sent up for decision of the entire matter in controversy.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1254
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Specific authorities** The Commission has the power—
(1) to require by special or general orders, any person to submit, under oath, such written reports and answers to questions as the Commission may prescribe;
(2) to administer oaths or affirmations;
(3) to require by subpena, signed by the chairman or the vice chairman, the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all documentary evidence relating to the execution of its duties;
(4) in any proceeding or investigation, to order testimony to be taken by deposition before any person who is designated by the Commission and has the power to administer oaths and, in such instances, to compel testimony and the production of evidence in the same manner as authorized under paragraph (3);
(5) to pay witnesses the same fees and mileage as are paid in like circumstances in the courts of the United States;
(6) to initiate (through civil actions for injunctive, declaratory, or other appropriate relief), defend (in the case of any civil action brought under [section 30109(a)(8) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30109/a/8&num=0&edition=prelim)) or appeal any civil action in the name of the Commission to enforce the provisions of this Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26, through its general counsel;
(7) to render advisory opinions under [section 30108 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30108&num=0&edition=prelim);
(8) to develop such prescribed forms and to make, amend, and repeal such rules, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; and
(9) to conduct investigations and h
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 52 U.S.C. § 30107
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this Act:
(1) The term “election” means—
(A) a general, special, primary, or runoff election;
(B) a convention or caucus of a political party which has authority to nominate a candidate;
(C) a primary election held for the selection of delegates to a national nominating convention of a political party; and
(D) a primary election held for the expression of a preference for the nomination of individuals for election to the office of President.
(2) The term “candidate” means an individual who seeks nomination for election, or election, to Federal office, and for purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be deemed to seek nomination for election, or election—
(A) if such individual has received contributions aggregating in excess of $5,000 or has made expenditures aggregating in excess of $5,000; or
(B) if such individual has given his or her consent to another person to receive contributions or make expenditures on behalf of such individual and if such person has received such contributions aggregating in excess of $5,000 or has made such expenditures aggregating in excess of $5,000.
(3) The term “Federal office” means the office of President or Vice President, or of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress.
(4) The term “political committee” means—
(A) any committee, club, association, or other group of persons which receives contributions aggregating in excess of $1,000 during a calendar year or which makes expenditures aggregating in excess of $1,000 during a calendar year; or
(B) any separate segregated fund established under the provisions of [section 30118(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30118/b&num=0&edition=prelim);
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 52 U.S.C. § 30101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission for the purpose of carrying out its functions under this Act, and under chapters 95 and 96 of title 26, not to exceed $5,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Commission $6,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $1,500,000 for the period beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, $6,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, $7,811,500 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, and $9,400,000 (of which not more than $400,000 are authorized to be appropriated for the national clearinghouse function described in section 30111(a)(10) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title) for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 52 U.S.C. § 30115
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Dollar limits on contributions**
(1) Except as provided in subsection (i) and [section 30117 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30117&num=0&edition=prelim), no person shall make contributions—
(A) to any candidate and his authorized political committees with respect to any election for Federal office which, in the aggregate, exceed $2,000;
(B) to the political committees established and maintained by a national political party, which are not the authorized political committees of any candidate, in any calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed $25,000, or, in the case of contributions made to any of the accounts described in paragraph (9), exceed 300 percent of the amount otherwise applicable under this subparagraph with respect to such calendar year;
(C) to any other political committee (other than a committee described in subparagraph (D)) in any calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed $5,000; or
(D) to a political committee established and maintained by a State committee of a political party in any calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed $10,000.
(2) No multicandidate political committee shall make contributions—
(A) to any candidate and his authorized political committees with respect to any election for Federal office which, in the aggregate, exceed $5,000;
(B) to the political committees established and maintained by a national political party, which are not the authorized political committees of any candidate, in any calendar year, which, in the aggregate, exceed $15,000, or, in the case of contributions made to any of the accounts described in paragraph (9), exceed 300 percent of the amount otherwise applicable under this subparagraph with respect to such calendar ye
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 52 U.S.C. § 30116
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