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28 U.S.C. § 461 — Adjustments in certain salaries
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under [section 5303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) in the rates of pay under the General Schedule (except as provided in subsection (b)), each salary rate which is subject to adjustment under this section shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to the next higher multiple of $100) equal to the percentage of such salary rate which corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect.
(2) In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking effect under paragraph (1) in any calendar year (before rounding), in any salary rate, exceed the percentage adjustment taking effect in such calendar year under [section 5303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) in the rates of pay under the General Schedule.
**(b)** Subsection (a) shall not apply to the extent it would reduce the salary of any individual whose compensation may not, under section 1 of article III of the Constitution of the United States, be diminished during such individual’s continuance in office.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-461-adjustments-in-certain-salaries--7e9c8f28f7.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 21, § 461; chapter-021-general-provisions-applicable-to-courts-and-judges.md
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**(a)**
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under [section 5303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) in the rates of pay under the General Schedule (except as provided in subsection (b)), each salary rate which is subject to adjustment under this section shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to the next higher multiple of $100) equal to the percentage of such salary rate which corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect.
(2) In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking effect under paragraph (1) in any calendar year (before rounding), in any salary rate, exceed the percentage adjustment taking effect in such calendar year under [section 5303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) in the rates of pay under the General Schedule.
**(b)** Subsection (a) shall not apply to the extent it would reduce the salary of any individual whose compensation may not, under section 1 of article III of the Constitution of the United States, be diminished during such individual’s continuance in office.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Whenever the Office of Personnel Management finds that the Government’s recruitment or retention efforts with respect to 1 or more occupations in 1 or more areas or locations are, or are likely to become, significantly handicapped due to any of the circumstances described in subsection (b), the Office may establish for the areas or locations involved, with respect to individuals in positions paid under any of the pay systems referred to in subsection (c), higher minimum rates of pay for 1 or more grades or levels, occupational groups, series, classes, or subdivisions thereof, and may make corresponding increases in all rates of the pay range for each such grade or level. However, a minimum rate so established may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay (excluding any locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law) for the grade or level by more than 30 percent, and no rate may be established under this section in excess of the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule. In the case of individuals not subject to the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service, the President may designate another agency to authorize special rates under this section.
(2) The head of an agency may determine that a category of employees of the agency will not be covered by a special rate authorization established under this section. The head of an agency shall provide written notice to the Office of Personnel Management (or other agency designated by the President to authorize special rates under the last sentence of paragraph (1)) which identifies the specific category or categories of employees that will not be covered by special rates authorized under this section. If the head of an age
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5305
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Subject to subsection (b), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under [section 5303 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, the annual rate of pay for positions at each level of the Executive Schedule shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to the next higher multiple of $100), equal to the percentage of such annual rate of pay which corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect.
**(b)** In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking effect under subsection (a) in any calendar year (before rounding), in any rate of pay, exceed the percentage adjustment taking effect in such calendar year under section 5303 in the rates of pay under the General Schedule.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5318
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1 of each calendar year, the rates of basic pay for each statutory pay system shall be increased by the percentage (rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent) equal to one-half of 1 percentage point less than the percentage by which the ECI for the base quarter of the year before the preceding calendar year exceeds the ECI for the base quarter of the second year before the preceding calendar year (if at all).
**(b)**
(1) If, because of national emergency or serious economic conditions affecting the general welfare, the President should consider the pay adjustment which would otherwise be required by subsection (a) in any year to be inappropriate, the President shall—
(A) prepare and transmit to Congress before September 1 of the preceding calendar year a plan for such alternative pay adjustments as he considers appropriate, together with the reasons therefor; and
(B) adjust the rates of pay of each statutory pay system, in accordance with such plan, effective on the same day as the increase under subsection (a) would otherwise take effect.
(2) In evaluating an economic condition affecting the general welfare under this subsection, the President shall consider pertinent economic measures including, but not limited to, the Indexes of Leading Economic Indicators, the Gross National Product, the unemployment rate, the budget deficit, the Consumer Price Index, the Producer Price Index, the Employment Cost Index, and the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption Expenditures.
(3) The President shall include in the report to Congress under paragraph (1)(A) his assessment of the impact that the alternative pay adjustments under this subsection will have on
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5303
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) The General Schedule, the symbol for which is “GS”, is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this subchapter applies. Each employee to whom this subchapter applies is entitled to basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule.
(2) The General Schedule is a schedule of annual rates of basic pay, consisting of 15 grades, designated “GS–1” through “GS–15”, consecutively, with 10 rates of pay for each such grade. The rates of pay of the General Schedule are adjusted in accordance with section 5303.
**(b)** When payment is made on the basis of an hourly, daily, weekly, or biweekly rate, the rate is computed from the appropriate annual rate of basic pay named by subsection (a) of this section in accordance with the rules prescribed by [section 5504(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5504/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5332
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the policy of Congress that Federal pay fixing for employees under the General Schedule be based on the principles that—
(1) there be equal pay for substantially equal work within each local pay area;
(2) within each local pay area, pay distinctions be maintained in keeping with work and performance distinctions;
(3) Federal pay rates be comparable with non-Federal pay rates for the same levels of work within the same local pay area; and
(4) any existing pay disparities between Federal and non-Federal employees should be completely eliminated.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each time the President adjusts the rates of pay of employees under [section 5303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) (or section 5304 or 5304a of such title, as applied to employees employed in the pay locality of the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore, Maryland consolidated metropolitan statistical area) the President pro tempore of the Senate shall, as he considers appropriate—
(1)
(A) adjust the rates of pay of personnel whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, and any minimum or maximum rate applicable to any such personnel;
(B) in the case of such personnel appointed to positions for which the rates of pay for the particular positions were fixed by or pursuant to law at specific rates on the day before the effective date of the amendments made by section 212 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2020, adjust such rates; and
(C) in the case of such personnel appointed to positions for which the maximum rates of pay for the particular positions were fixed by or pursuant to law on the day before such effective date, adjust such maximum rates; and
(2) adjust any limitation or allowance applicable to such personnel;
by percentages which are equal or equivalent, insofar as practicable, to the percentages of the adjustments made by the President under such section 5303 (and, as the case may be, section 5304 or 5304a of such title, as applied to employees employed in the pay locality of the Washington, D.C.-Baltimore, Maryland consolidated metropolitan statistical area) for corresponding rates of pay for employees subject to the General Schedule contained in section 5332 of such title, subject to [section 4575(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 4571
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** For the efficient administration of the functions vested in the Tax Court or any division thereof, any judge or special trial judge of the Tax Court, the clerk of the court or his deputies, as such, or any other employee of the Tax Court designated in writing for the purpose by the chief judge, may administer oaths, and any judge or special trial judge of the Tax Court may examine witnesses and require, by subpoena ordered by the Tax Court or any division thereof and signed by the judge or special trial judge (or by the clerk of the Tax Court or by any other employee of the Tax Court when acting as deputy clerk)—
(1) the attendance and testimony of witnesses, and the production of all necessary returns, books, papers, documents, correspondence, and other evidence, from any place in the United States at any designated place of hearing, or
(2) the taking of a deposition before any designated individual competent to administer oaths under this title. In the case of a deposition the testimony shall be reduced to writing by the individual taking the deposition or under his direction and shall then be subscribed by the deponent.
**(b) Production of records in the case of foreign corporations, foreign trusts or estates and nonresident alien individuals** The Tax Court or any division thereof, upon motion and notice by the Secretary, and upon good cause shown therefor, shall order any foreign corporation, foreign trust or estate, or nonresident alien individual, who has filed a petition with the Tax Court, to produce, or, upon satisfactory proof to the Tax Court or any of its divisions, that the petitioner is unable to produce, to make available to the Secretary, and, in either case, to permit the inspection, copying, or photographing of, such books, recor
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 7456
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Each judge of a district court of the United States shall receive a salary at an annual rate determined under section 225 of the Federal Salary Act of 1967 ([2 U.S.C. 351–361](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section351–361&num=0&edition=prelim)), as adjusted by [section 461 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section461&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 135
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each bankruptcy judge shall serve on a full-time basis and shall receive as full compensation for his services, a salary at an annual rate that is equal to 92 percent of the salary of a judge of the district court of the United States as determined pursuant to section 135, to be paid at such times as the Judicial Conference of the United States determines.
**(b)** A bankruptcy judge may not engage in the practice of law and may not engage in any other practice, business, occupation, or employment inconsistent with the expeditious, proper, and impartial performance of such bankruptcy judge’s duties as a judicial officer. The Conference may promulgate appropriate rules and regulations to implement this subsection.
**(c)** Each individual appointed under this chapter shall take the oath or affirmation prescribed by [section 453 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section453&num=0&edition=prelim) before performing the duties of the office of bankruptcy judge.
**(d)** A bankruptcy judge appointed under this chapter shall be exempt from the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 63 of title 5.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 153
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims shall be appointed for a term of fifteen years.
**(b)** Each judge shall receive a salary at the rate of pay, and in the same manner, as judges of the district courts of the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 172
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