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42 U.S.C. § 288 — Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Biomedical and behavioral research and research training; programs and institutions included; restriction; special consideration**
(1) The Secretary shall—
(A) provide Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards for—
(i) biomedical and behavioral research at the National Institutes of Health in matters relating to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the diseases or other health problems to which the activities of the National Institutes of Health and Administration 11 So in original. Reference to Administration probably should not appear. are directed;
(ii) training at the National Institutes of Health and at the Administration 1 of individuals to undertake such research;
(iii) biomedical and behavioral research and health services research (including research in primary medical care) at public and nonprofit private entities; and
(iv) pre-doctoral and post-doctoral training at public and private institutions of individuals to undertake biomedical and behavioral research;
(B) make grants to public and nonprofit private institutions to enable such institutions to make Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards for research (and training to undertake biomedical and behavioral research) in the matters described in subparagraph (A)(i) to individuals selected by such institutions; and
(C) provide contracts for scholarships and loan repayments in accordance with sections 288–4 and 288–5 22 See References in Text note below. of this title, subject to providing not more than an aggregate 50 such contracts during the fiscal years 1994 through 1996.
A reference in this subsection to the National Institutes of Health shall be considered to include the institutes, agencies, divisions, and bureaus included in the
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-288-ruth-l-kirschstein-national-research-service-awards--077a66b102.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 6A, § 288; chapter-6a-public-health-service.md
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**(a) Biomedical and behavioral research and research training; programs and institutions included; restriction; special consideration**
(1) The Secretary shall—
(A) provide Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards for—
(i) biomedical and behavioral research at the National Institutes of Health in matters relating to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the diseases or other health problems to which the activities of the National Institutes of Health and Administration 11 So in original. Reference to Administration probably should not appear. are directed;
(ii) training at the National Institutes of Health and at the Administration 1 of individuals to undertake such research;
(iii) biomedical and behavioral research and health services research (including research in primary medical care) at public and nonprofit private entities; and
(iv) pre-doctoral and post-doctoral training at public and private institutions of individuals to undertake biomedical and behavioral research;
(B) make grants to public and nonprofit private institutions to enable such institutions to make Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards for research (and training to undertake biomedical and behavioral research) in the matters described in subparagraph (A)(i) to individuals selected by such institutions; and
(C) provide contracts for scholarships and loan repayments in accordance with sections 288–4 and 288–5 22 See References in Text note below. of this title, subject to providing not more than an aggregate 50 such contracts during the fiscal years 1994 through 1996.
A reference in this subsection to the National Institutes of Health shall be considered to include the institutes, agencies, divisions, and bureaus included in the National Institutes of Health or under the Administration,1 as the case may be.
(2) Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards may not be used to support residency training of physicians and other health professionals.
(3) In awarding Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards under this section, the Secretary shall take account of the Nation’s overall need for biomedical research personnel by giving special consideration to physicians who agree to undertake a minimum of two years of biomedical research.
(4) The Secretary shall carry out paragraph (1) in a manner that will result in the recruitment of women, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds (including racial and ethnic minorities), into fields of biomedical or behavioral research and in the provision of research training to women and such individuals.
**(b) Prerequisites for Award; review and approval by appropriate advisory councils; Award period; uses for Award; payments to non-Federal public or nonprofit private institutions**
(1) No Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award may be made by the Secretary to any individual unless—
(A) the individual has submitted to the Secretary an application therefor and the Secretary has approved the application;
(B) the individual provides, in such form and manner as the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe, assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that the individual will meet the service requirement of subsection (c); and
(C) in the case of a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award for a purpose described in subsection (a)(1)(A)(iii), the individual has been sponsored (in such manner as the Secretary may by regulation require) by the institution at which the research or training under the award will be conducted.
An application for an award shall be in such form, submitted in such manner, and contain such information, as the Secretary may by regulation prescribe.
(2) The making of grants under subsection (a)(1)(B) for Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards shall be subject to review and approval by the appropriate advisory councils within the Department of Health and Human Services (A) whose activities relate to the research or training under the awards, or (B) for the entity at which such research or training will be conducted.
(3) No grant may be made under subsection (a)(1)(B) unless an application therefor has been submitted to and approved by the Secretary. Such application shall be in such form, submitted in such manner, and contain such information, as the Secretary may by regulation prescribe. Subject to the provisions of this section (other than paragraph (1)), Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards made under a grant under subsection (a)(1)(B) shall be made in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary shall prescribe.
(4) The period of any Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award made to any individual under subsection (a) may not exceed—
(A) five years in the aggregate for pre-doctoral training; and
(B) three years in the aggregate for post-doctoral training;
unless the Secretary for good cause shown waives the application of such limit to such individual.
(5) Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards shall provide for such stipends, tuition, fees, and allowances (including travel and subsistence expenses and dependency allowances), adjusted periodically to reflect increases in the cost of living, for the recipients of the awards as the Secretary may deem necessary. A Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award made to an individual for research or research training at a non-Federal public or nonprofit private institution shall also provide for payments to be made to the institution for the cost of support services (including the cost of faculty salaries, supplies, equipment, general research support, and related items) provided such individual by such institution. The amount of any such payments to any institution shall be determined by the Secretary and shall bear a direct relationship to the reasonable costs of the institution for establishing and maintaining the quality of its biomedical and behavioral research and training programs.
**(c) Health research or teaching; service period; recovery upon noncompliance with service requirement, formula; cancellation or waiver of obligation**
(1) Each individual who is awarded a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award for postdoctoral research training shall, in accordance with paragraph (3), engage in research training, research, or teaching that is health-related (or any combination thereof) for the period specified in paragraph (2). Such period shall be served in accordance with the usual patterns of scientific employment.
(2)
(A) The period referred to in paragraph (1) is 12 months, or one month for each month for which the individual involved receives a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award for postdoctoral research training, whichever is less.
(B) With respect to postdoctoral research training, in any case in which an individual receives a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award for more than 12 months, the 13th month and each subsequent month of performing activities under the Award shall be considered to be activities engaged in toward satisfaction of the requirement established in paragraph (1) regarding a period of service.
(3) The requirement of paragraph (1) shall be complied with by any individual to whom it applies within such reasonable period of time, after the completion of such individual’s award, as the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe. The Secretary shall by regulation prescribe the type of research and teaching in which an individual may engage to comply with such requirement and such other requirements respecting research and teaching as the Secretary considers appropriate.
(4)
(A) If any individual to whom the requirement of paragraph (1) is applicable fails, within the period prescribed by paragraph (3), to comply with such requirements, the United States shall be entitled to recover from such individual an amount determined in accordance with the formula—
t−s
A=ϕ A——B
t
in which “A” is the amount the United States is entitled to recover; “ϕ” is the sum of the total amount paid under one or more Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards to such individual; “t” is the total number of months in such individual’s service obligation; and “s” is the number of months of such obligation served by such individual in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection.
(B) Any amount which the United States is entitled to recover under subparagraph (A) shall, within the three-year period beginning on the date the United States becomes entitled to recover such amount, be paid to the United States. Until any amount due the United States under subparagraph (A) on account of any Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award is paid, there shall accrue to the United States interest on such amount at a rate fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury after taking into consideration private consumer rates of interest prevailing on the date the United States becomes entitled to such amount.
(5)
(A) Any obligation of an individual under paragraph (1) shall be canceled upon the death of such individual.
(B) The Secretary shall by regulation provide for the waiver or suspension of any such obligation applicable to any individual whenever compliance by such individual is impossible or would involve substantial hardship to such individual or would be against equity and good conscience.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of facilitating the administration of, and expediting the carrying out of the purposes of, the programs established by subchapters V, VI, and VII,11 See References in Text note below. and sections 242b, 246(a), 246(b), 246(c), 246(d),1 and 246(e) 1 of this title in situations in which grants are sought or made under two or more of such programs with respect to a single project, the Secretary is authorized to promulgate regulations—
(1) under which the administrative functions under such programs with respect to such project will be performed by a single administrative unit which is the administrative unit charged with the administration of any of such programs or is the administrative unit charged with the supervision of two or more of such programs;
(2) designed to reduce the number of applications, reports, and other materials required under such programs to be submitted with respect to such project, and otherwise to simplify, consolidate, and make uniform (to the extent feasible), the data and information required to be contained in such applications, reports, and other materials; and
(3) under which inconsistent or duplicative requirements imposed by such programs will be revised and made uniform with respect to such project;
except that nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the Secretary to waive or suspend, with respect to any such project, any requirement with respect to any of such programs if such requirement is imposed by law or by any regulation required by law.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Relation to Public Health Service** The National Institutes of Health is an agency of the Service.
**(b) National research institutes and national centers** The following agencies of the National Institutes of Health are national research institutes or national centers:
(1) The National Cancer Institute.
(2) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
(3) The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
(4) The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
(5) The National Institute on Aging.
(6) The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
(7) The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
(8) The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
(9) The National Eye Institute.
(10) The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
(11) The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
(12) The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
(13) The National Institute on Drug Abuse.
(14) The National Institute of Mental Health.
(15) The National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
(16) The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
(17) The National Institute of Nursing Research.
(18) The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.
(19) The National Human Genome Research Institute.
(20) The National Library of Medicine.
(21) The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences.
(22) The John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences.
(23) The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.
(24) The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.
(25) Any other national center that, as an agency separate from
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appointment** The National Institutes of Health shall be headed by the Director of NIH who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Director of NIH shall perform functions as provided under subsection (b) and as the Secretary may otherwise prescribe.
**(b) Duties and authority** In carrying out the purposes of [section 241 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section241&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary, acting through the Director of NIH—
(1) shall carry out this subchapter, including being responsible for the overall direction of the National Institutes of Health and for the establishment and implementation of general policies respecting the management and operation of programs and activities within the National Institutes of Health;
(2) shall coordinate and oversee the operation of the national research institutes, national centers, and administrative entities within the National Institutes of Health;
(3) shall, in consultation with the heads of the national research institutes and national centers, be responsible for program coordination across the national research institutes and national centers, including conducting priority-setting reviews, to ensure that the research portfolio of the National Institutes of Health is balanced and free of unnecessary duplication, and takes advantage of collaborative, cross-cutting research;
(4) shall assemble accurate data to be used to assess research priorities, including—
(A) information to better evaluate scientific opportunity, public health burdens, and progress in reducing health disparities; and
(B) data on study populations of clinical research, funded by or conducted at each national research institute and
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appointment**
(1) **In general** — The Director of the National Cancer Institute shall be appointed by the President, and the Directors of the other national research institutes and national centers shall be appointed by the Secretary, acting through the Director of National Institutes of Health. Each Director of a national research institute or national center shall report directly to the Director of National Institutes of Health.
(2) **Appointment**
(A) *Term* — A Director of a national research institute or national center who is appointed by the Secretary, acting through the Director of National Institutes of Health, shall be appointed for 5 years.
(B) *Reappointment* — At the end of the term of a Director of a national research institute or national center, the Director may be reappointed in accordance with standards applicable to the relevant appointment mechanism. There shall be no limit on the number of terms that a Director may serve.
(C) *Vacancies* — If the office of a Director of a national research institute or national center becomes vacant before the end of such Director’s term, the Director appointed to fill the vacancy shall be appointed for a 5-year term starting on the date of such appointment.
(D) *Current directors* — Each Director of a national research institute or national center who is serving on December 13, 2016, shall be deemed to be appointed for a 5-year term under this subsection beginning on such date.
(E) *Rule of construction* — Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary or the Director of National Institutes of Health to terminate the appointment of a director referred to in subparagraph (A) before the expiration of such director’s 5-year term.
(F) *Nature of appointm
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Cooperative agreements and grants for establishing and supporting**
(1) The Director of the Institute may enter into cooperative agreements with and make grants to public or private nonprofit entities to pay all or part of the cost of planning, establishing, or strengthening, and providing basic operating support for centers for basic and clinical research into, training in, and demonstration of advanced diagnostic, prevention, control, and treatment methods for cancer.
(2) A cooperative agreement or grant under paragraph (1) shall be entered into in accordance with policies established by the Director of NIH and after consultation with the Institute’s advisory council.
**(b) Uses for Federal payments under cooperative agreements or grants** Federal payments made under a cooperative agreement or grant under subsection (a) may be used for—
(1) construction (notwithstanding any limitation under [section 289e of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section289e&num=0&edition=prelim));
(2) staffing and other basic operating costs, including such patient care costs as are required for research;
(3) clinical training, including training for allied health professionals, continuing education for health professionals and allied health professions personnel, and information programs for the public respecting cancer; and
(4) demonstration purposes.
As used in this paragraph, the term “construction” does not include the acquisition of land, and the term “training” does not include research training for which Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards may be provided under [section 288 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section288&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Period of
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Heart, blood vessel, lung, blood diseases, and blood resources; utilization of centers for prevention programs**
(1) The Director of the Institute may provide, in accordance with subsection (c), for the development of—
(A) ten centers for basic and clinical research into, training in, and demonstration of, advanced diagnostic, prevention, and treatment and rehabilitation methods (including methods of providing emergency medical services) for heart and blood vessel diseases;
(B) ten centers for basic and clinical research into, training in, and demonstration of, advanced diagnostic, prevention, and treatment and rehabilitation methods (including methods of providing emergency medical services) for lung diseases (including bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and other lung diseases of children);
(C) ten centers for basic and clinical research into, training in, and demonstration of, advanced diagnostic, prevention, and treatment methods (including methods of providing emergency medical services) for blood diseases and research into blood, in the use of blood products and in the management of blood resources; and
(D) three centers for basic and clinical research into, training in, and demonstration of, advanced diagnostic, prevention, and treatment (including genetic studies, intrauterine environment studies, postnatal studies, heart arrhythmias, and acquired heart disease and preventive cardiology) for cardiovascular diseases in children.
(2) The centers developed under paragraph (1) shall, in addition to being utilized for research, training, and demonstrations, be utilized for the following prevention programs for cardiovascular, pulmonary, and blood diseases:
(A) Programs to develop improved methods of detecting individuals with a hig
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) In the Institute there shall be a Division Director for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, a Division Director for Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, and a Division Director for Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases. Such Division Directors, under the supervision of the Director of the Institute, shall be responsible for—
(A) developing a coordinated plan (including recommendations for expenditures) for each of the national research institutes within the National Institutes of Health with respect to research and training concerning diabetes, endocrine and metabolic diseases, digestive diseases and nutrition, and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases;
(B) assessing the adequacy of management approaches for the activities within such institutes concerning such diseases and nutrition and developing improved approaches if needed;
(C) monitoring and reviewing expenditures by such institutes concerning such diseases and nutrition; and
(D) identifying research opportunities concerning such diseases and nutrition and recommending ways to utilize such opportunities.
(2) The Director of the Institute shall transmit to the Director of NIH the plans, recommendations, and reviews of the Division Directors under subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph (1) together with such comments and recommendations as the Director of the Institute determines appropriate.
**(b)** The Director of the Institute, acting through the Division Director for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, the Division Director for Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, and the Division Director for Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, shall—
(1) carry out programs of support for research and training (other than training for which Ruth L. Kirschstei
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Director of the Institute shall—
(1) carry out programs of support for research and training (other than training for which Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards may be made under [section 288 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section288&num=0&edition=prelim)) in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases, including support for training in medical schools, graduate clinical training, graduate training in epidemiology, epidemiology studies, clinical trials, and interdisciplinary research programs; and
(2) establish programs of evaluation, planning, and dissemination of knowledge related to such research and training.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 285d–2
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Cooperative agreements and grants for establishing and supporting**
(1) The Director of the Institute may enter into cooperative agreements with and make grants to public or private nonprofit entities (including university medical centers) to pay all or part of the cost of planning, establishing, or strengthening, and providing basic operating support (including staffing) for centers for basic and clinical research (including multidisciplinary research) into, training in, and demonstration of advanced diagnostic, prevention, and treatment methods for Alzheimer’s disease.
(2) A cooperative agreement or grant under paragraph (1) shall be entered into in accordance with policies established by the Director of NIH and after consultation with the Institute’s advisory council.
**(b) Use of Federal payments under cooperative agreement or grant**
(1) Federal payments made under a cooperative agreement or grant under subsection (a) may, with respect to Alzheimer’s disease, be used for—
(A) diagnostic examinations, patient assessments, patient care costs, and other costs necessary for conducting research;
(B) training, including training for allied health professionals;
(C) diagnostic and treatment clinics designed to meet the special needs of minority and rural populations and other underserved populations;
(D) activities to educate the public; and
(E) the dissemination of information.
(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “training” does not include research training for which Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards may be provided under [section 288 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section288&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Support period; additional periods** Support of a center unde
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General purpose** The general purpose of the National Human Genome Research Institute (in this subpart referred to as the “Institute”) is to characterize the structure and function of the human genome, including the mapping and sequencing of individual genes. Such purpose includes—
(1) planning and coordinating the research goal of the genome project;
(2) reviewing and funding research proposals;
(3) developing training programs;
(4) coordinating international genome research;
(5) communicating advances in genome science to the public; and
(6) reviewing and funding proposals to address the ethical and legal issues associated with the genome project (including legal issues regarding patents).
**(b) Research training** The Director of the Institute may conduct and support research training—
(1) for which fellowship support is not provided under [section 288 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section288&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) that is not residency training of physicians or other health professionals.
**(c) Amount available for ethical and legal issues**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), of the amounts appropriated to carry out subsection (a) for a fiscal year, the Director of the Institute shall make available not less than 5 percent for carrying out paragraph (6) of such subsection.
(2) With respect to providing funds under subsection (a)(6) for proposals to address the ethical issues associated with the genome project, paragraph (1) shall not apply for a fiscal year if the Director of the Institute certifies to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate, that the Director has determined that an insuff
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 285s
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