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28 U.S.C. § 48 — Terms of court
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The courts of appeals shall hold regular sessions at the places listed below, and at such other places within the respective circuit as each court may designate by rule. CircuitsPlaces District of ColumbiaWashington. FirstBoston. SecondNew York. ThirdPhiladelphia. FourthRichmond, Asheville. FifthNew Orleans, Fort Worth, Jackson. SixthCincinnati. SeventhChicago. EighthSt. Louis, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Paul. NinthSan Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle. TenthDenver, Wichita, Oklahoma City. EleventhAtlanta, Jacksonville, Montgomery. FederalDistrict of Columbia, and in any other place listed above as the court by rule directs.
**(b)** Each court of appeals may hold special sessions at any place within its circuit as the nature of the business may require, and upon such notice as the court orders. The court may transact any business at a special session which it might transact at a regular session.
**(c)** Any court of appeals may pretermit any regular session of court at any place for insufficient business or other good cause.
**(d)** The times and places of the sessions of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall be prescribed with a view to securing reasonable opportunity to citizens to appear before the court with as little inconvenience and expense to citizens as is practicable.
**(e)** Each court of appeals may hold special sessions at any place within the United States outside the circuit as the nature of the business may require and upon such notice as the court orders, upon a finding by either the chief judge of the court of appeals (or, if the chief judge is unavailable, the most senior available active judge of the court of appeals) or the judicial council of the circuit that, because of emergency conditions, no location within the cir
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 3, § 48; chapter-003-courts-of-appeals.md
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**(a)** The courts of appeals shall hold regular sessions at the places listed below, and at such other places within the respective circuit as each court may designate by rule. CircuitsPlaces District of ColumbiaWashington. FirstBoston. SecondNew York. ThirdPhiladelphia. FourthRichmond, Asheville. FifthNew Orleans, Fort Worth, Jackson. SixthCincinnati. SeventhChicago. EighthSt. Louis, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Paul. NinthSan Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle. TenthDenver, Wichita, Oklahoma City. EleventhAtlanta, Jacksonville, Montgomery. FederalDistrict of Columbia, and in any other place listed above as the court by rule directs.
**(b)** Each court of appeals may hold special sessions at any place within its circuit as the nature of the business may require, and upon such notice as the court orders. The court may transact any business at a special session which it might transact at a regular session.
**(c)** Any court of appeals may pretermit any regular session of court at any place for insufficient business or other good cause.
**(d)** The times and places of the sessions of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall be prescribed with a view to securing reasonable opportunity to citizens to appear before the court with as little inconvenience and expense to citizens as is practicable.
**(e)** Each court of appeals may hold special sessions at any place within the United States outside the circuit as the nature of the business may require and upon such notice as the court orders, upon a finding by either the chief judge of the court of appeals (or, if the chief judge is unavailable, the most senior available active judge of the court of appeals) or the judicial council of the circuit that, because of emergency conditions, no location within the circuit is reasonably available where such special sessions could be held. The court may transact any business at a special session outside the circuit which it might transact at a regular session.
**(f)** If a court of appeals issues an order exercising its authority under subsection (e), the court—
(1) through the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, shall—
(A) send notice of such order, including the reasons for the issuance of such order, to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and
(B) not later than 180 days after the expiration of such court order submit a brief report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives describing the impact of such order, including—
(i) the reasons for the issuance of such order;
(ii) the duration of such order;
(iii) the impact of such order on litigants; and
(iv) the costs to the judiciary resulting from such order; and
(2) shall provide reasonable notice to the United States Marshals Service before the commencement of any special session held pursuant to such order.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The thirteen judicial circuits of the United States are constituted as follows: CircuitsComposition District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia. FirstMaine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island. SecondConnecticut, New York, Vermont. ThirdDelaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virgin Islands. FourthMaryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. FifthDistrict of the Canal Zone, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas. SixthKentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee. SeventhIllinois, Indiana, Wisconsin. EighthArkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. NinthAlaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii. TenthColorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming. EleventhAlabama, Florida, Georgia. FederalAll Federal judicial districts.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Social security benefits and tier I railroad retirement benefits** Benefits payable under the old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program established under title II of the Social Security Act ([42 U.S.C. 401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), and benefits payable under sections 231b and 231c 11 See References in Text note below. of title 45, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(b) Veterans programs** The following programs shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter: All programs administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs. Special benefits for certain World War II veterans (28–0401–0–1–701).
**(c) Net interest** No reduction of payments for net interest (all of major functional category 900) shall be made under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(d) Refundable income tax credits and certain elective payments**
(1) **Refundable income tax credits** — Payments to individuals made pursuant to provisions of title 26 establishing refundable tax credits shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
(2) **Certain elective payments** — Payments made to taxpayers pursuant to elections under subsection (d) of [section 48D of title 26](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section48D&num=0&edition=prelim), or amounts treated as payments which are made by taxpayers under paragraph (1) of such subsection, shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this subchapter.
**(e) Non-defense unobligated balances** Unobligated balances of budget authority carried over from prior fiscal years, except balances in the defense categor
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, sixteen judges who shall constitute a court of record known as the United States Court of Federal Claims. The court is declared to be a court established under article I of the Constitution of the United States.
**(b)** The President shall designate one of the judges of the Court of Federal Claims who is less than seventy years of age to serve as chief judge. The chief judge may continue to serve as such until he reaches the age of seventy years or until another judge is designated as chief judge by the President. After the designation of another judge to serve as chief judge, the former chief judge may continue to serve as a judge of the court for the balance of the term to which appointed.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
No judge shall hear or determine an appeal from the decision of a case or issue tried by him.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 20
TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
§ 48
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 216, and District of
Columbia Code, 1940 ed., § 11–205 (Feb. 9, 1893, ch. 74, § 6,
27 Stat. 435; July 30, 1894, ch. 172, § 2, 28 Stat. 161; Mar.
3, 1901, ch. 854, § 225, 31 Stat. 1225; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231,
§ 120, 36 Stat. 1132).
The provision in section 11–205 of the District of Co-
lumbia Code, 1940 ed., that a justice of the district
court while on the bench of the Court of Appeals in the
District of Columbia shall not sit in review of judg-
ment, order, or decree rendered by him below, was con-
solidated with a similar provision of section 216 of title
28, U.S.C., 1940 ed. The consolidation simplifies the lan-
guage without change of substance.
References in said section 11–205 to the power to pre-
scribe rules, requisites of record on appeal, forms of
bills of exception, and procedure on appeal, were omit-
ted as covered by Rules 73, 75, 76, of the Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure and by Rule 51 of the Federal Rules
of Criminal Procedure.
Said section 11–205 contained a provision that on a di-
vided opinion by the Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia the decision of the lower court should
stand affirmed. This was omitted as unnecessary as
merely expressing a well-established rule of law.
Other provisions of said section 11–205 are incor-
porated in section 48 of this title.
The provision of section 216 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940
ed., with respect to the competency of justices and
judges to sit, was omitted as covered by section 43 of
this title.
Specific reference in said section 216 to the Chief Jus-
tice of the United States was likewise omitted inas-
much as he sits as a circuit justice.
The provision of sai
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