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15 U.S.C. § 1692e — False or misleading representations
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A debt collector may not use any false, deceptive, or misleading representation or means in connection with the collection of any debt. Without limiting the general application of the foregoing, the following conduct is a violation of this section:
(1) The false representation or implication that the debt collector is vouched for, bonded by, or affiliated with the United States or any State, including the use of any badge, uniform, or facsimile thereof.
(2) The false representation of—
(A) the character, amount, or legal status of any debt; or
(B) any services rendered or compensation which may be lawfully received by any debt collector for the collection of a debt.
(3) The false representation or implication that any individual is an attorney or that any communication is from an attorney.
(4) The representation or implication that nonpayment of any debt will result in the arrest or imprisonment of any person or the seizure, garnishment, attachment, or sale of any property or wages of any person unless such action is lawful and the debt collector or creditor intends to take such action.
(5) The threat to take any action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken.
(6) The false representation or implication that a sale, referral, or other transfer of any interest in a debt shall cause the consumer to—
(A) lose any claim or defense to payment of the debt; or
(B) become subject to any practice prohibited by this subchapter.
(7) The false representation or implication that the consumer committed any crime or other conduct in order to disgrace the consumer.
(8) Communicating or threatening to communicate to any person credit information which is known or which should be known to be false, including the failure to communicate that a d
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-1692e-false-or-misleading-representations--99acade431.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 41, § 1692e; chapter-041-consumer-credit-protection.md
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A debt collector may not use any false, deceptive, or misleading representation or means in connection with the collection of any debt. Without limiting the general application of the foregoing, the following conduct is a violation of this section:
(1) The false representation or implication that the debt collector is vouched for, bonded by, or affiliated with the United States or any State, including the use of any badge, uniform, or facsimile thereof.
(2) The false representation of—
(A) the character, amount, or legal status of any debt; or
(B) any services rendered or compensation which may be lawfully received by any debt collector for the collection of a debt.
(3) The false representation or implication that any individual is an attorney or that any communication is from an attorney.
(4) The representation or implication that nonpayment of any debt will result in the arrest or imprisonment of any person or the seizure, garnishment, attachment, or sale of any property or wages of any person unless such action is lawful and the debt collector or creditor intends to take such action.
(5) The threat to take any action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken.
(6) The false representation or implication that a sale, referral, or other transfer of any interest in a debt shall cause the consumer to—
(A) lose any claim or defense to payment of the debt; or
(B) become subject to any practice prohibited by this subchapter.
(7) The false representation or implication that the consumer committed any crime or other conduct in order to disgrace the consumer.
(8) Communicating or threatening to communicate to any person credit information which is known or which should be known to be false, including the failure to communicate that a disputed debt is disputed.
(9) The use or distribution of any written communication which simulates or is falsely represented to be a document authorized, issued, or approved by any court, official, or agency of the United States or any State, or which creates a false impression as to its source, authorization, or approval.
(10) The use of any false representation or deceptive means to collect or attempt to collect any debt or to obtain information concerning a consumer.
(11) The failure to disclose in the initial written communication with the consumer and, in addition, if the initial communication with the consumer is oral, in that initial oral communication, that the debt collector is attempting to collect a debt and that any information obtained will be used for that purpose, and the failure to disclose in subsequent communications that the communication is from a debt collector, except that this paragraph shall not apply to a formal pleading made in connection with a legal action.
(12) The false representation or implication that accounts have been turned over to innocent purchasers for value.
(13) The false representation or implication that documents are legal process.
(14) The use of any business, company, or organization name other than the true name of the debt collector’s business, company, or organization.
(15) The false representation or implication that documents are not legal process forms or do not require action by the consumer.
(16) The false representation or implication that a debt collector operates or is employed by a consumer reporting agency as defined by [section 1681a(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1681a/f&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Any debt collector communicating with any person other than the consumer for the purpose of acquiring location information about the consumer shall—
(1) identify himself, state that he is confirming or correcting location information concerning the consumer, and, only if expressly requested, identify his employer;
(2) not state that such consumer owes any debt;
(3) not communicate with any such person more than once unless requested to do so by such person or unless the debt collector reasonably believes that the earlier response of such person is erroneous or incomplete and that such person now has correct or complete location information;
(4) not communicate by post card;
(5) not use any language or symbol on any envelope or in the contents of any communication effected by the mails or telegram that indicates that the debt collector is in the debt collection business or that the communication relates to the collection of a debt; and
(6) after the debt collector knows the consumer is represented by an attorney with regard to the subject debt and has knowledge of, or can readily ascertain, such attorney’s name and address, not communicate with any person other than that attorney, unless the attorney fails to respond within a reasonable period of time to communication from the debt collector.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Abusive practices** There is abundant evidence of the use of abusive, deceptive, and unfair debt collection practices by many debt collectors. Abusive debt collection practices contribute to the number of personal bankruptcies, to marital instability, to the loss of jobs, and to invasions of individual privacy.
**(b) Inadequacy of laws** Existing laws and procedures for redressing these injuries are inadequate to protect consumers.
**(c) Available non-abusive collection methods** Means other than misrepresentation or other abusive debt collection practices are available for the effective collection of debts.
**(d) Interstate commerce** Abusive debt collection practices are carried on to a substantial extent in interstate commerce and through means and instrumentalities of such commerce. Even where abusive debt collection practices are purely intrastate in character, they nevertheless directly affect interstate commerce.
**(e) Purposes** It is the purpose of this subchapter to eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors, to insure that those debt collectors who refrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged, and to promote consistent State action to protect consumers against debt collection abuses.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1637
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 1692f
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective upon the expiration of six months
after Sept. 20, 1977, see section 819 of Pub. L. 90–321, as
added by Pub. L. 95–109, set out as a note under section
1692 of this title.
§ 1692e. False or misleading representations
A debt collector may not use any false, decep-
tive, or misleading representation or means in
connection with the collection of any debt.
Without limiting the general application of the
foregoing, the following conduct is a violation of
this section:
(1) The false representation or implication
that the debt collector is vouched for, bonded
by, or affiliated with the United States or any
State, including the use of any badge, uni-
form, or facsimile thereof.
(2) The false representation of—
(A) the character, amount, or legal status
of any debt; or
(B) any services rendered or compensation
which may be lawfully received by any debt
collector for the collection of a debt.
(3) The false representation or implication
that any individual is an attorney or that any
communication is from an attorney.
(4) The representation or implication that
nonpayment of any debt will result in the ar-
rest or imprisonment of any person or the sei-
zure, garnishment, attachment, or sale of any
property or wages of any person unless such
action is lawful and the debt collector or cred-
itor intends to take such action.
(5) The threat to take any action that can-
not legally be taken or that is not intended to
be taken.
(6) The false representation or implication
that a sale, referral, or other transfer of any
interest in a debt shall cause the consumer
to—
(A) lose any claim or defense to payment
of the debt; or
(B) become subje
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 1692e
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