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13 U.S.C. § 141 — Population and other census information
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Secretary shall, in the year 1980 and every 10 years thereafter, take a decennial census of population as of the first day of April of such year, which date shall be known as the “decennial census date”, in such form and content as he may determine, including the use of sampling procedures and special surveys. In connection with any such census, the Secretary is authorized to obtain such other census information as necessary.
**(b)** The tabulation of total population by States under subsection (a) of this section as required for the apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the several States shall be completed within 9 months after the census date and reported by the Secretary to the President of the United States.
**(c)** The officers or public bodies having initial responsibility for the legislative apportionment or districting of each State may, not later than 3 years before the decennial census date, submit to the Secretary a plan identifying the geographic areas for which specific tabulations of population are desired. Each such plan shall be developed in accordance with criteria established by the Secretary, which he shall furnish to such officers or public bodies not later than April 1 of the fourth year preceding the decennial census date. Such criteria shall include requirements which assure that such plan shall be developed in a nonpartisan manner. Should the Secretary find that a plan submitted by such officers or public bodies does not meet the criteria established by him, he shall consult to the extent necessary with such officers or public bodies in order to achieve the alterations in such plan that he deems necessary to bring it into accord with such criteria. Any issues with respect to such plan remaining unresolved after such co
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Source location: Title 13, Chapter 5, § 141; chapter-005-censuses.md
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**(a)** The Secretary shall, in the year 1980 and every 10 years thereafter, take a decennial census of population as of the first day of April of such year, which date shall be known as the “decennial census date”, in such form and content as he may determine, including the use of sampling procedures and special surveys. In connection with any such census, the Secretary is authorized to obtain such other census information as necessary.
**(b)** The tabulation of total population by States under subsection (a) of this section as required for the apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the several States shall be completed within 9 months after the census date and reported by the Secretary to the President of the United States.
**(c)** The officers or public bodies having initial responsibility for the legislative apportionment or districting of each State may, not later than 3 years before the decennial census date, submit to the Secretary a plan identifying the geographic areas for which specific tabulations of population are desired. Each such plan shall be developed in accordance with criteria established by the Secretary, which he shall furnish to such officers or public bodies not later than April 1 of the fourth year preceding the decennial census date. Such criteria shall include requirements which assure that such plan shall be developed in a nonpartisan manner. Should the Secretary find that a plan submitted by such officers or public bodies does not meet the criteria established by him, he shall consult to the extent necessary with such officers or public bodies in order to achieve the alterations in such plan that he deems necessary to bring it into accord with such criteria. Any issues with respect to such plan remaining unresolved after such consultation shall be resolved by the Secretary, and in all cases he shall have final authority for determining the geographic format of such plan. Tabulations of population for the areas identified in any plan approved by the Secretary shall be completed by him as expeditiously as possible after the decennial census date and reported to the Governor of the State involved and to the officers or public bodies having responsibility for legislative apportionment or districting of such State, except that such tabulations of population of each State requesting a tabulation plan, and basic tabulations of population of each other State, shall, in any event, be completed, reported, and transmitted to each respective State within one year after the decennial census date.
**(d)** Without regard to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section, the Secretary, in the year 1985 and every 10 years thereafter, shall conduct a mid-decade census of population in such form and content as he may determine, including the use of sampling procedures and special surveys, taking into account the extent to which information to be obtained from such census will serve in lieu of information collected annually or less frequently in surveys or other statistical studies. The census shall be taken as of the first day of April of each such year, which date shall be known as the “mid-decade census date”.
**(e)**
(1) If—
(A) in the administration of any program established by or under Federal law which provides benefits to State or local governments or to other recipients, eligibility for or the amount of such benefits would (without regard to this paragraph) be determined by taking into account data obtained in the most recent decennial census, and
(B) comparable data is obtained in a mid-decade census conducted after such decennial census,
then in the determination of such eligibility or amount of benefits the most recent data available from either the mid-decade or decennial census shall be used.
(2) Information obtained in any mid-decade census shall not be used for apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the several States, nor shall such information be used in prescribing congressional districts.
**(f)** With respect to each decennial and mid-decade census conducted under subsection (a) or (d) of this section, the Secretary shall submit to the committees of Congress having legislative jurisdiction over the census—
(1) not later than 3 years before the appropriate census date, a report containing the Secretary’s determination of the subjects proposed to be included, and the types of information to be compiled, in such census;
(2) not later than 2 years before the appropriate census date, a report containing the Secretary’s determination of the questions proposed to be included in such census; and
(3) after submission of a report under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection and before the appropriate census date, if the Secretary finds new circumstances exist which necessitate that the subjects, types of information, or questions contained in reports so submitted be modified, a report containing the Secretary’s determination of the subjects, types of information, or questions as proposed to be modified.
**(g)** As used in this section, “census of population” means a census of population, housing, and matters relating to population and housing.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title VI, § 607, 63 Stat. 441, related to housing census. See [section 141 of Title 13](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section141&num=0&edition=prelim), Census.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A district court of three judges shall be convened when otherwise required by Act of Congress, or when an action is filed challenging the constitutionality of the apportionment of congressional districts or the apportionment of any statewide legislative body.
**(b)** In any action required to be heard and determined by a district court of three judges under subsection (a) of this section, the composition and procedure of the court shall be as follows:
(1) Upon the filing of a request for three judges, the judge to whom the request is presented shall, unless he determines that three judges are not required, immediately notify the chief judge of the circuit, who shall designate two other judges, at least one of whom shall be a circuit judge. The judges so designated, and the judge to whom the request was presented, shall serve as members of the court to hear and determine the action or proceeding.
(2) If the action is against a State, or officer or agency thereof, at least five days’ notice of hearing of the action shall be given by registered or certified mail to the Governor and attorney general of the State.
(3) A single judge may conduct all proceedings except the trial, and enter all orders permitted by the rules of civil procedure except as provided in this subsection. He may grant a temporary restraining order on a specific finding, based on evidence submitted, that specified irreparable damage will result if the order is not granted, which order, unless previously revoked by the district judge, shall remain in force only until the hearing and determination by the district court of three judges of an application for a preliminary injunction. A single judge shall not appoint a master, or order a reference, or hear and determine any application for a prel
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary shall perform the functions and duties imposed upon him by this title, may issue such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to carry out such functions and duties, and may delegate the performance of such functions and duties and the authority to issue such rules and regulations to such officers and employees of the Department of Commerce as he may designate.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except for the determination of population for purposes of apportionment of Representatives in Congress among the several States, the Secretary shall, if he considers it feasible, authorize the use of the statistical method known as “sampling” in carrying out the provisions of this title.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this title, unless the context requires another meaning or unless it is otherwise provided—
(1) “Bureau” means the Bureau of the Census;
(2) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce; and
(3) “respondent” includes a corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, proprietorship, society, joint stock company, individual, or other organization or entity which reported information, or on behalf of which information was reported, in response to a questionnaire, inquiry, or other request of the Bureau.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Sections, act Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1020, related to the following subject matter:
Section 143, decennial census period; completion of reports upon inquiries. See [section 141 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section141&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 144, restriction on inquiries. See sections 141(a) and 142 of this title.
Section 145, commencement of inquiries as to population, agriculture, and housing; time for completion. See sections 141(a) and 142(a) of this title.
Section 146, mid-decade censuses of agriculture; exclusion of certain areas; preliminary statistics. See sections 142(a), 191, and 193 of this title.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** During the intervals between each census of population required under [section 141 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section141&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary, to the extent feasible, shall annually produce and publish for each State, county, and local unit of general purpose government which has a population of fifty thousand or more, current data on total population and population characteristics and, to the extent feasible, shall biennially produce and publish for other local units of general purpose government current data on total population. Such data shall be produced and published for each State, county, and other local unit of general purpose government for which data is compiled in the most recent census of population taken under [section 141 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section141&num=0&edition=prelim). Such data may be produced by means of sampling or other methods, which the Secretary determines will produce current, comprehensive, and reliable data.
**(b)** If the Secretary is unable to produce and publish current data during any fiscal year on total population for any county and local unit of general purpose government as required by this section, a report shall be submitted by the Secretary to the President of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives not later than 90 days before the commencement of the following fiscal year, enumerating each government excluded and giving the reasons for such exclusion.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Neither the Secretary, nor any other officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, or local government census liaison, may, except as provided in section 8 or 16 or chapter 10 of this title or section 210 of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998 or section 2(f) of the Census of Agriculture Act of 1997—
(1) use the information furnished under the provisions of this title for any purpose other than the statistical purposes for which it is supplied; or
(2) make any publication whereby the data furnished by any particular establishment or individual under this title can be identified; or
(3) permit anyone other than the sworn officers and employees of the Department or bureau or agency thereof to examine the individual reports.
No department, bureau, agency, officer, or employee of the Government, except the Secretary in carrying out the purposes of this title, shall require, for any reason, copies of census reports which have been retained by any such establishment or individual. Copies of census reports which have been so retained shall be immune from legal process, and shall not, without the consent of the individual or establishment concerned, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding.
**(b)** The provisions of subsection (a) of this section relating to the confidential treatment of data for particular individuals and establishments, shall not apply to the censuses of governments provided for by subchapter III of chapter 5 of this title, nor to interim current data provided for by subchapter IV of chapter 5 of this title as to the subjects covered by censuses of governments, with re
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) the Nation faces an immediate and unprecedented crisis due to the lack of shelter for a growing number of individuals and families, including elderly persons, handicapped persons, families with children, Native Americans, and veterans;
(2) the problem of homelessness has become more severe and, in the absence of more effective efforts, is expected to become dramatically worse, endangering the lives and safety of the homeless;
(3) the causes of homelessness are many and complex, and homeless individuals have diverse needs;
(4) there is no single, simple solution to the problem of homelessness because of the different subpopulations of the homeless, the different causes of and reasons for homelessness, and the different needs of homeless individuals;
(5) due to the record increase in homelessness, States, units of local government, and private voluntary organizations have been unable to meet the basic human needs of all the homeless and, in the absence of greater Federal assistance, will be unable to protect the lives and safety of all the homeless in need of assistance; and
(6) the Federal Government has a clear responsibility and an existing capacity to fulfill a more effective and responsible role to meet the basic human needs and to engender respect for the human dignity of the homeless.
**(b) Purpose** It is the purpose of this chapter—
(1) to establish the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness;
(2) to use public resources and programs in a more coordinated manner to meet the critically urgent needs of the homeless of the Nation; and
(3) to provide funds for programs to assist the homeless, with special emphasis on elderly persons, handicapped persons, families with children, Native Americans, and ve
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 19
TITLE 13—CENSUS
§ 141
chapter I; substituted in item 141 ‘‘Population, unem-
ployment, and housing’’ for ‘‘Population, agriculture,
irrigation, drainage, and unemployment; territory in-
cluded’’, and in item 142 ‘‘Agriculture, irrigation, and
drainage.’’ for ‘‘Housing, scope of inquiries; territory
included; supplementary statistics.’’, struck out items
143 to 146, 162 and 163; and added Subchapter V.
SUBCHAPTER
I—MANUFACTURES,
MIN-
ERAL INDUSTRIES, AND OTHER BUSI-
NESSES
§ 131. Collection and publication; five-year peri-
ods
The Secretary shall take, compile, and publish
censuses of manufactures, of mineral industries,
and of other businesses, including the distribu-
tive trades, service establishments, and trans-
portation (exclusive of means of transportation
for which statistics are required by law to be
filed with, and are compiled and published by, a
designated regulatory body), in the year 1964,
then in the year 1968, and every fifth year there-
after, and each such census shall relate to the
year immediately preceding the taking thereof.
(Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1019; Pub. L.
85–207, § 8, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 482; Pub. L.
88–532, Aug. 31, 1964, 78 Stat. 737.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 13, U.S.C., 1952 ed., § 121 (June 19, 1948,
ch. 502, § 1, 62 Stat. 478; June 18, 1954, ch. 315, 68 Stat.
258).
Section was subsection (a) of section 121 of title 13,
U.S.C., 1952 ed. The remainder of such section 121,
which constituted subsection (b) thereof, is incor-
porated in subchapter IV of this chapter.
At the beginning, ‘‘The Secretary’’, meaning the Sec-
retary of Commerce, was substituted for a reference to
the Director of the Bureau of the Census, and, at the
end, the provision that the territorial scope
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