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28 U.S.C. § 1252 — Repealed. Pub. L. 100–352, § 1, June 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 662]

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 1252 — Repealed. Pub. L. 100–352, § 1, June 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 662]

### Statutory Notes Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 928; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, § 47, 65 Stat. 726; July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–508, § 12(e), (f), 72 Stat. 348; Mar. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–3, § 14(a), 73 Stat. 10, provided for direct appeals to Supreme Court from decisions invalidating Acts of Congress. #### Effective Date of Repeal Repeal effective ninety days after June 27, 1988, except that such repeal not to apply to cases pending in Supreme Court on such effective date or affect right to review or manner of reviewing judgment or decree of court which was entered into before such effective date, see section 7 of Pub. L. 100–352, set out as a note under [section 1254 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1254&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 81, § 1252; chapter-081-supreme-court.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 1254 — Courts of appeals; certiorari; certified questions

Cases in the courts of appeals may be reviewed by the Supreme Court by the following methods: (1) By writ of certiorari granted upon the petition of any party to any civil or criminal case, before or after rendition of judgment or decree; (2) By certification at any time by a court of appeals of any question of law in any civil or criminal case as to which instructions are desired, and upon such certification the Supreme Court may give binding instructions or require the entire record to be sent up for decision of the entire matter in controversy.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 1253 — Direct appeals from decisions of three-judge courts

Except as otherwise provided by law, any party may appeal to the Supreme Court from an order granting or denying, after notice and hearing, an interlocutory or permanent injunction in any civil action, suit or proceeding required by any Act of Congress to be heard and determined by a district court of three judges.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 2403 — Intervention by United States or a State; constitutional question

**(a)** In any action, suit or proceeding in a court of the United States to which the United States or any agency, officer or employee thereof is not a party, wherein the constitutionality of any Act of Congress affecting the public interest is drawn in question, the court shall certify such fact to the Attorney General, and shall permit the United States to intervene for presentation of evidence, if evidence is otherwise admissible in the case, and for argument on the question of constitutionality. The United States shall, subject to the applicable provisions of law, have all the rights of a party and be subject to all liabilities of a party as to court costs to the extent necessary for a proper presentation of the facts and law relating to the question of constitutionality. **(b)** In any action, suit, or proceeding in a court of the United States to which a State or any agency, officer, or employee thereof is not a party, wherein the constitutionality of any statute of that State affecting the public interest is drawn in question, the court shall certify such fact to the attorney general of the State, and shall permit the State to intervene for presentation of evidence, if evidence is otherwise admissible in the case, and for argument on the question of constitutionality. The State shall, subject to the applicable provisions of law, have all the rights of a party and be subject to all liabilities of a party as to court costs to the extent necessary for a proper presentation of the facts and law relating to the question of constitutionality.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 1252 — Untitled legal text

Page 352 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE [§ 1252 So, also, in actions by the United States to condemn lands of a State or to enforce penalties for violation of a Federal statute against a State-owned utility, the United States district courts have jurisdiction. See United States v. State of Utah, 1931, 51 S.Ct. 438, 283 U.S. 64, 75 L.Ed. 844; United States v. 4,450.72 Acres of Land, Clearwater County, State of Minnesota, D.C.Minn. 1939, 27 F.Supp. 167, affirmed 125 F.2d 636; United States v. State of California, 1936, 56 S.Ct. 421, 297 U.S. 175, 80 L.Ed. 567. The intent of section 371(7), (8) of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., that the jurisdiction of the courts of the United States should be exclusive of the courts of the States in controversies to which a State is a party, and suits against ambassadors, public ministers, consuls and vice consuls, is preserved and clarified by this section and section 1351 of this title. The revised section preserves existing law with ref- erence to foreign ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls. Under subsection (a)(2) the Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction of actions or proceedings against the ambassadors or public ministers of other nations. Under subsection (b)(1) the Supreme Court has origi- nal but not exclusive jurisdiction of actions or pro- ceedings brought by such ambassadors or other public ministers or to which consuls or vice consuls of other nations are parties. Section 1351 of this title gives to United States dis- trict courts, exclusive of the courts of the States, juris- diction of civil actions against such consuls and vice consuls. This section and said section 1351 of this title have no application to ambassadors, public ministers, consuls or vice consuls representin

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