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45 U.S.C. § 1 to 14 — Repealed. Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 1, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 1, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(A), 102 Stat. 630, related to use of power driving-wheel brakes and appliances for operating train-brake systems. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim), Transportation.
Section 2, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 2, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(B), 102 Stat. 630, related to use of cars not equipped with automatic couplers. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 3, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 3, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(C), 102 Stat. 630, related to refusal to receive insufficiently equipped cars from connecting lines. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 4, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 4, 27 Stat. 531; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(A), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(D), 102 Stat. 630, related to grab irons or handholds for security in coupling and uncoupling cars. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 5, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 5, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(E), 102 Stat. 630, related to exclusion from traffic of freight cars not complying with prescribed standard for height of drawbars.
Section 6, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 6, 27 Stat. 532; Apr. 1, 1896, ch. 87, 29 Stat. 85; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 1, 62 Stat. 909
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 45 U.S.C. § 1 to 14
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_7469c45e7546d7df5316a1f4
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-45/section-1-to-14-45-u-s-c-1-to-14-repealed-pub-l-103272-7-b-july-5-1994-108-stat-1379--934318bdd3.md
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Source location: Title 45, Chapter 1, § 1 to 14; chapter-001-safety-appliances-and-equipment-on-railroad-engines-and-cars-and-protection-of-employees-and-travelers.md
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### Statutory Notes
Section 1, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 1, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(A), 102 Stat. 630, related to use of power driving-wheel brakes and appliances for operating train-brake systems. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim), Transportation.
Section 2, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 2, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(B), 102 Stat. 630, related to use of cars not equipped with automatic couplers. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 3, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 3, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(C), 102 Stat. 630, related to refusal to receive insufficiently equipped cars from connecting lines. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 4, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 4, 27 Stat. 531; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(A), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(D), 102 Stat. 630, related to grab irons or handholds for security in coupling and uncoupling cars. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 5, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 5, 27 Stat. 531; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(E), 102 Stat. 630, related to exclusion from traffic of freight cars not complying with prescribed standard for height of drawbars.
Section 6, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 6, 27 Stat. 532; Apr. 1, 1896, ch. 87, 29 Stat. 85; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 1, 62 Stat. 909; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–135, § 1(1), 71 Stat. 352; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(A), 80 Stat. 939; July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–348, § 3(a), 90 Stat. 818; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95–574, § 7(a), 92 Stat. 2461; Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96–423, § 8(b), 94 Stat. 1814; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(F), 102 Stat. 630; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102–365, §§ 4(a)(1), (c)(3), 9(a)(3), 106 Stat. 973, 974, 977, related to use of cars in violation of sections 1 to 7 of this title and enforcement duties of United States attorneys and Secretary of Transportation. See sections 20301, 21302, and 21304 of Title 49, Transportation.
Section 7, acts Mar. 2, 1893, ch. 196, § 8, 27 Stat. 532; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(1)(H), 102 Stat. 631, related to assumption of risk by railroad employees. See [section 20304 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20304&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 8, acts Mar. 2, 1903, ch. 976, § 1, 32 Stat. 943; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(2)(A), 102 Stat. 631, extended provisions of sections 1 to 7 of this title to include railroads in the Territories and the District of Columbia and to apply in other cases. See sections 20301, 20302, 20304, and 21302 of Title 49.
Section 9, acts Mar. 2, 1903, ch. 976, § 2, 32 Stat. 943; Apr. 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85–375, 72 Stat. 86; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(B), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(2)(B), 102 Stat. 631, provided that locomotive engineers were to operate power and train brakes on not less than 50 percent of cars of trains operated with power or train brakes, and retained rules, standards, and instructions of Association of American Railroads for installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair of such brakes. See sections 20301, 20302, and 21302 of Title 49.
Section 10, acts Mar. 2, 1903, ch. 976, § 3, 32 Stat. 943; June 25, 1948, ch. 646, § 1, 62 Stat. 909; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(B), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(2)(C), 102 Stat. 631; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102–365, § 9(a)(4), 106 Stat. 977, related to continuation of duties, requirements, and liabilities specified under sections 1 to 7 of this title unless specifically amended by sections 8 to 10 of this title. See [section 21302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section21302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 11, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, § 2, 36 Stat. 298; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(3)(A), 102 Stat. 631, related to use of cars not equipped as required by sections 11 to 16 of this title. See [section 20302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20302&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 12, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, § 3, 36 Stat. 298; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(C), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(3)(B), 102 Stat. 631, continued to maintain designations of safety appliances by Secretary of Transportation as standards of equipment for railroad cars, unless changed by order of Secretary, and authorized Secretary to modify standard height of drawbars. See sections 20302 and 21302 of Title 49.
Section 13, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, § 4, 36 Stat. 299; Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–135, § 1(2), 71 Stat. 352; July 8, 1976, Pub. L. 94–348, § 3(b), 90 Stat. 818; Nov. 2, 1978, Pub. L. 95–574, § 7(b), 92 Stat. 2461; Jan. 14, 1983, Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 704, 96 Stat. 2580; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(3)(C), 102 Stat. 632; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102–365, §§ 4(a)(1), (c)(4), 9(a)(5), 106 Stat. 973, 974, 978, related to penalty for using cars not equipped as provided by sections 1 to 16 of this title, with provisos for hauling cars for repairs when equipment becomes defective, liability for death or injury to employees in connection with such hauling, and use of chains instead of drawbars in conducting such hauling. See sections 20303, 21302, and 21304 of Title 49.
Section 14, acts Apr. 14, 1910, ch. 160, § 5, 36 Stat. 299; Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(e)(1)(C), 80 Stat. 939; June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 13(3)(D), 102 Stat. 632, related to liability for using cars with defective or insecure equipment. See [section 21302 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section21302&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
An employee of a railroad carrier injured by a vehicle or train used in violation of section 20302(a)(1)(A), (2), (4), or (5)(A) of this title does not assume the risk of injury resulting from the violation, even if the employee continues to be employed by the carrier after learning of the violation.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20304
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Penalty.—**
(1) Subject to [section 21304 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section21304&num=0&edition=prelim), a person violating a regulation prescribed or order issued under chapter 201 of this title related to accident and incident reporting or investigation, or violating chapters 203–209 of this title or a regulation or requirement prescribed or order issued under chapters 203–209, is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty. An act by an individual that causes a railroad carrier to be in violation is a violation. A separate violation occurs for each day the violation continues.
(2) The Secretary of Transportation imposes a civil penalty under this subsection. The amount of the penalty shall be at least $500 but not more than $25,000. However, when a grossly negligent violation or a pattern of repeated violations has caused an imminent hazard of death or injury to individuals, or has caused death or injury, the amount may be not more than $100,000.
(3) The Secretary may compromise the amount of the civil penalty under [section 3711 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3711&num=0&edition=prelim). In determining the amount of a compromise, the Secretary shall consider—
(A) the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation;
(B) with respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of violations, the ability to pay, and any effect on the ability to continue to do business; and
(C) other matters that justice requires.
(4) If the Secretary does not compromise the amount of the civil penalty, the Secretary shall refer the matter to the Attorney General for collection.
**(b) Civil Actions To Collect.—** The
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 21302
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General.—** Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section and [section 20303 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20303&num=0&edition=prelim), a railroad carrier may use or allow to be used on any of its railroad lines—
(1) a vehicle only if it is equipped with—
(A) couplers coupling automatically by impact, and capable of being uncoupled, without the necessity of individuals going between the ends of the vehicles;
(B) secure sill steps and efficient hand brakes; and
(C) secure ladders and running boards when required by the Secretary of Transportation, and, if ladders are required, secure handholds or grab irons on its roof at the top of each ladder;
(2) except as otherwise ordered by the Secretary, a vehicle only if it is equipped with secure grab irons or handholds on its ends and sides for greater security to individuals in coupling and uncoupling vehicles;
(3) a vehicle only if it complies with the standard height of drawbars required by regulations prescribed by the Secretary;
(4) a locomotive only if it is equipped with a power-driving wheel brake and appliances for operating the train-brake system; and
(5) a train only if—
(A) enough of the vehicles in the train are equipped with power or train brakes so that the engineer on the locomotive hauling the train can control the train’s speed without the necessity of brake operators using the common hand brakes for that purpose; and
(B) at least 50 percent of the vehicles in the train are equipped with power or train brakes and the engineer is using the power or train brakes on those vehicles and on all other vehicles equipped with them that are associated with those vehicles in the train.
**(b) Refusal To Receive Vehicles Not Prop
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20302
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