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28 U.S.C. § 1654 — Appearance personally or by counsel
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In all courts of the United States the parties may plead and conduct their own cases personally or by counsel as, by the rules of such courts, respectively, are permitted to manage and conduct causes therein.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-1654-appearance-personally-or-by-counsel--c07ae68d7d.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 111, § 1654; chapter-111-general-provisions.md
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In all courts of the United States the parties may plead and conduct their own cases personally or by counsel as, by the rules of such courts, respectively, are permitted to manage and conduct causes therein.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Supreme Court and all courts established by Act of Congress may from time to time prescribe rules for the conduct of their business. Such rules shall be consistent with Acts of Congress and rules of practice and procedure prescribed under [section 2072 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section2072&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Any rule prescribed by a court, other than the Supreme Court, under subsection (a) shall be prescribed only after giving appropriate public notice and an opportunity for comment. Such rule shall take effect upon the date specified by the prescribing court and shall have such effect on pending proceedings as the prescribing court may order.
**(c)**
(1) A rule of a district court prescribed under subsection (a) shall remain in effect unless modified or abrogated by the judicial council of the relevant circuit.
(2) Any other rule prescribed by a court other than the Supreme Court under subsection (a) shall remain in effect unless modified or abrogated by the Judicial Conference.
**(d)** Copies of rules prescribed under subsection (a) by a district court shall be furnished to the judicial council, and copies of all rules prescribed by a court other than the Supreme Court under subsection (a) shall be furnished to the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and made available to the public.
**(e)** If the prescribing court determines that there is an immediate need for a rule, such court may proceed under this section without public notice and opportunity for comment, but such court shall promptly thereafter afford such notice and opportunity for comment.
**(f)** No rule may be prescribed by a district court other than under this section.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 2071
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 440
TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
§ 1652
Civil Procedure abolishing such writ. The revised sec-
tion is expressive of the construction recently placed
upon such section by the Supreme Court in U.S. Alkali
Export Assn. v. U.S., 65 S.Ct. 1120, 325 U.S. 196, 89 L.Ed.
1554, and De Beers Consol. Mines v. U.S., 65 S.Ct. 1130, 325
U.S. 212, 89 L.Ed. 1566.
1949 ACT
This section corrects a grammatical error in sub-
section (a) of section 1651 of title 28, U.S.C.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1949—Subsec. (a). Act May 24, 1949, inserted ‘‘and’’
after ‘‘jurisdictions’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
WRIT OF ERROR
Act Jan. 31, 1928, ch. 14, § 2, 45 Stat. 54, as amended
Apr. 26, 1928, ch. 440, 45 Stat. 466; June 25, 1948, ch. 646,
§ 23, 62 Stat. 990, provided that: ‘‘All Acts of Congress
referring to writs of error shall be construed as amend-
ed to the extent necessary to substitute appeal for writ
of error.’’
§ 1652. State laws as rules of decision
The laws of the several states, except where
the Constitution or treaties of the United States
or Acts of Congress otherwise require or provide,
shall be regarded as rules of decision in civil ac-
tions in the courts of the United States, in cases
where they apply.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 944.)
HISTORICAL REVISION NOTES
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 725 (R.S. § 721).
‘‘Civil actions’’ was substituted for ‘‘trials at com-
mon law’’ to clarify the meaning of the Rules of Deci-
sion Act in the light of the Federal Rules of Civil Pro-
cedure. Such Act has been held to apply to suits in eq-
uity.
Changes were made in phraseology.
§ 1653. Amendment of pleadings to show jurisdic-
tion
Defective allegations of jurisdiction may be
amended, upon terms, in the trial or appella
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