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42 U.S.C. § 12111 — Findings and purpose
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) physical or mental disabilities in no way diminish a person’s right to fully participate in all aspects of society, yet many people with physical or mental disabilities have been precluded from doing so because of discrimination; others who have a record of a disability or are regarded as having a disability also have been subjected to discrimination;
(2) historically, society has tended to isolate and segregate individuals with disabilities, and, despite some improvements, such forms of discrimination against individuals with disabilities continue to be a serious and pervasive social problem;
(3) discrimination against individuals with disabilities persists in such critical areas as employment, housing, public accommodations, education, transportation, communication, recreation, institutionalization, health services, voting, and access to public services;
(4) unlike individuals who have experienced discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, religion, or age, individuals who have experienced discrimination on the basis of disability have often had no legal recourse to redress such discrimination;
(5) individuals with disabilities continually encounter various forms of discrimination, including outright intentional exclusion, the discriminatory effects of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers, overprotective rules and policies, failure to make modifications to existing facilities and practices, exclusionary qualification standards and criteria, segregation, and relegation to lesser services, programs, activities, benefits, jobs, or other opportunities;
(6) census data, national polls, and other studies have documented that people with disabilities, as a group, occupy an inferio
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 12111
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_72fbdfc67f9f0495b0808ca4
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-12111-findings-and-purpose--1b931e6c0c.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 126, § 12111; chapter-126-equal-opportunity-for-individuals-with-disabilities.md
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**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) physical or mental disabilities in no way diminish a person’s right to fully participate in all aspects of society, yet many people with physical or mental disabilities have been precluded from doing so because of discrimination; others who have a record of a disability or are regarded as having a disability also have been subjected to discrimination;
(2) historically, society has tended to isolate and segregate individuals with disabilities, and, despite some improvements, such forms of discrimination against individuals with disabilities continue to be a serious and pervasive social problem;
(3) discrimination against individuals with disabilities persists in such critical areas as employment, housing, public accommodations, education, transportation, communication, recreation, institutionalization, health services, voting, and access to public services;
(4) unlike individuals who have experienced discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, religion, or age, individuals who have experienced discrimination on the basis of disability have often had no legal recourse to redress such discrimination;
(5) individuals with disabilities continually encounter various forms of discrimination, including outright intentional exclusion, the discriminatory effects of architectural, transportation, and communication barriers, overprotective rules and policies, failure to make modifications to existing facilities and practices, exclusionary qualification standards and criteria, segregation, and relegation to lesser services, programs, activities, benefits, jobs, or other opportunities;
(6) census data, national polls, and other studies have documented that people with disabilities, as a group, occupy an inferior status in our society, and are severely disadvantaged socially, vocationally, economically, and educationally;
(7) the Nation’s proper goals regarding individuals with disabilities are to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for such individuals; and
(8) the continuing existence of unfair and unnecessary discrimination and prejudice denies people with disabilities the opportunity to compete on an equal basis and to pursue those opportunities for which our free society is justifiably famous, and costs the United States billions of dollars in unnecessary expenses resulting from dependency and nonproductivity.
**(b) Purpose** It is the purpose of this chapter—
(1) to provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals with disabilities;
(2) to provide clear, strong, consistent, enforceable standards addressing discrimination against individuals with disabilities;
(3) to ensure that the Federal Government plays a central role in enforcing the standards established in this chapter on behalf of individuals with disabilities; and
(4) to invoke the sweep of congressional authority, including the power to enforce the fourteenth amendment and to regulate commerce, in order to address the major areas of discrimination faced day-to-day by people with disabilities.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** As used in this section—
(1) **Common carrier or carrier** — The term “common carrier” or “carrier” includes any common carrier engaged in interstate communication by wire or radio as defined in [section 153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section153&num=0&edition=prelim) and any common carrier engaged in intrastate communication by wire or radio, notwithstanding sections 152(b) and 221(b) of this title.
(2) **TDD** — The term “TDD” means a Telecommunications Device for the Deaf, which is a machine that employs graphic communication in the transmission of coded signals through a wire or radio communication system.
(3) **Telecommunications relay services** — The term “telecommunications relay services” means telephone transmission services that provide the ability for an individual who is deaf, hard of hearing, deaf-blind, or who has a speech disability to engage in communication by wire or radio with one or more individuals, in a manner that is functionally equivalent to the ability of a hearing individual who does not have a speech disability to communicate using voice communication services by wire or radio.
**(b) Availability of telecommunications relay services**
(1) **In general** — In order to carry out the purposes established under [section 151 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section151&num=0&edition=prelim), to make available to all individuals in the United States a rapid, efficient nationwide communication service, and to increase the utility of the telephone system of the Nation, the Commission shall ensure that interstate and intrastate telecommunications relay services are available, to the extent possible and in the most efficie
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 47 U.S.C. § 225
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Approval of State plans**
(1) **In general** — The Administrator shall approve any State plan submitted under [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c&num=0&edition=prelim) that the Administrator determines meets the requirements of [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c&num=0&edition=prelim), and shall disapprove any such plan that does not meet such requirements, as soon as practicable after receiving the plan. Prior to such disapproval, the Administrator shall notify the State of the intention to disapprove the plan, and shall afford such State reasonable notice and opportunity for a hearing.
(2) **Procedures**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) of [section 727 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section727&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply to any State plan submitted to the Administrator under [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) *Application* — For purposes of the application described in subparagraph (A), all references in such provisions—
(i) to the Secretary or the Commissioner shall be deemed to be references to the Administrator;
(ii) to the State agency shall be deemed to be references to the designated State entity; and
(iii) to [section 721 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section721&num=0&edition=prelim) shall be deemed to be references to [section 796c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-ti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Homosexuality and bisexuality** For purposes of the definition of “disability” in section 12102(2) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, homosexuality and bisexuality are not impairments and as such are not disabilities under this chapter.
**(b) Certain conditions** Under this chapter, the term “disability” shall not include—
(1) transvestism, transsexualism, pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, gender identity disorders not resulting from physical impairments, or other sexual behavior disorders;
(2) compulsive gambling, kleptomania, or pyromania; or
(3) psychoactive substance use disorders resulting from current illegal use of drugs.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 12101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subpart $22,878,000 for fiscal year 2015, $24,645,000 for fiscal year 2016, $25,156,000 for fiscal year 2017, $25,714,000 for fiscal year 2018, $26,319,000 for fiscal year 2019, and $26,877,000 for fiscal year 2020.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 706
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The State may use funds received under this subpart to provide the resources described in [section 796d(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796d/e&num=0&edition=prelim) (but may not use more than 30 percent of the funds paid to the State under [section 796e–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796e-1&num=0&edition=prelim) for such resources unless the State specifies that a greater percentage of the funds is needed for such resources in a State plan approved under [section 796d–1 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796d-1&num=0&edition=prelim)), relating to the Statewide Independent Living Council, may retain funds under [section 796c(c)(5) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796c/c/5&num=0&edition=prelim), and shall distribute the remainder of the funds received under this subpart in a manner consistent with the approved State plan for the activities described in subsection (b).
**(b) Activities** The State may use the remainder of the funds described in subsection (a)—
(1) to provide independent living services to individuals with significant disabilities, particularly those in unserved areas of the State;
(2) to demonstrate ways to expand and improve independent living services;
(3) to support the operation of centers for independent living that are in compliance with the standards and assurances set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of [section 796f–4 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section796f-4&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) to support activities to increase the capacities o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 705
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appointment and supervision** Unless otherwise prescribed by the Secretary, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue is authorized to employ such number of persons as the Commissioner deems proper for the administration and enforcement of the internal revenue laws, and the Commissioner shall issue all necessary directions, instructions, orders, and rules applicable to such persons.
**(b) Posts of duty of employees in field service or traveling** Unless otherwise prescribed by the Secretary—
(1) **Designation of post of duty** — The Commissioner shall determine and designate the posts of duty of all such persons engaged in field work or traveling on official business outside of the District of Columbia.
(2) **Detail of personnel from field service** — The Commissioner may order any such person engaged in field work to duty in the District of Columbia, for such periods as the Commissioner may prescribe, and to any designated post of duty outside the District of Columbia upon the completion of such duty.
**(c) Delinquent Internal Revenue officers and employees** If any officer or employee of the Treasury Department acting in connection with the internal revenue laws fails to account for and pay over any amount of money or property collected or received by him in connection with the internal revenue laws, the Secretary shall issue notice and demand to such officer or employee for payment of the amount which he failed to account for and pay over, and, upon failure to pay the amount demanded within the time specified in such notice, the amount so demanded shall be deemed imposed upon such officer or employee and assessed upon the date of such notice and demand, and the provisions of chapter 64 and all other provisions of law relating to the collection of assessed taxes
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 7804
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Vocational rehabilitation services for individuals** Vocational rehabilitation services provided under this subchapter are any services described in an individualized plan for employment necessary to assist an individual with a disability in preparing for, securing, retaining, or regaining an employment outcome that is consistent with the strengths, resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabilities, interests, and informed choice of the individual, including—
(1) an assessment for determining eligibility and vocational rehabilitation needs by qualified personnel, including, if appropriate, an assessment by personnel skilled in rehabilitation technology;
(2) counseling and guidance, including information and support services to assist an individual in exercising informed choice consistent with the provisions of [section 722(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section722/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) referral and other services to secure needed services from other agencies through agreements developed under [section 721(a)(11) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section721/a/11&num=0&edition=prelim), if such services are not available under this subchapter;
(4) job-related services, including job search and placement assistance, job retention services, followup services, and follow-along services;
(5) vocational and other training services, including the provision of personal and vocational adjustment services, books, tools, and other training materials, except that no training services provided at an institution of higher education shall be paid for with funds under this subchapter unless maximum efforts have been made by the designated State unit and the i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 764
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A State may expend payments received under [section 731 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section731&num=0&edition=prelim) to educate and provide services to employers who have hired or are interested in hiring individuals with disabilities under programs carried out under this subchapter, including—
(1) providing training and technical assistance to employers regarding the employment of individuals with disabilities, including disability awareness, and the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ([42 U.S.C. 12101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) and other employment-related laws;
(2) working with employers to—
(A) provide opportunities for work-based learning experiences (including internships, short-term employment, apprenticeships, and fellowships), and opportunities for pre-employment transition services;
(B) recruit qualified applicants who are individuals with disabilities;
(C) train employees who are individuals with disabilities; and
(D) promote awareness of disability-related obstacles to continued employment;
(3) providing consultation, technical assistance, and support to employers on workplace accommodations, assistive technology, and facilities and workplace access through collaboration with community partners and employers, across States and nationally, to enable the employers to recruit, job match, hire, and retain qualified individuals with disabilities who are recipients of vocational rehabilitation services under this subchapter, or who are applicants for such services; and
(4) assisting employers with utilizing available financial support for hiring or accommodating individuals with disa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 774, 775
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of grant program** From funds appropriated under subsection (h), the Secretary shall, in accordance with this section, make grants to States to establish and carry out client assistance programs to provide assistance in informing and advising all clients and client applicants of all available benefits under this chapter, including under sections 733 and 794g of this title, and, upon request of such clients or client applicants, to assist and advocate for such clients or applicants in their relationships with projects, programs, and services provided under this chapter, including assistance and advocacy in pursuing legal, administrative, or other appropriate remedies to ensure the protection of the rights of such individuals under this chapter and to facilitate access to the services funded under this chapter through individual and systemic advocacy. The client assistance program shall provide information on the available services and benefits under this chapter and title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ([42 U.S.C. 12111](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12111&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to individuals with disabilities in the State, especially with regard to individuals with disabilities who have traditionally been unserved or underserved by vocational rehabilitation programs. In providing assistance and advocacy under this subsection with respect to services under this subchapter, a client assistance program may provide the assistance and advocacy with respect to services that are directly related to facilitating the employment of the individual.
**(b) Existence of State program as requisite to receiving payments** No State may receive payments from its allotment under this chapter in a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 780a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Grants and contracts for personnel training**
(1) **Authority** — The Commissioner shall make grants to, and enter into contracts with, States and public or nonprofit agencies and organizations (including institutions of higher education) to pay part of the cost of projects to provide training, traineeships, and related activities, including the provision of technical assistance, that are designed to assist in increasing the numbers of, and upgrading the skills of, qualified personnel (especially rehabilitation counselors) who are trained in providing vocational, medical, social, and psychological rehabilitation services, who are trained to assist individuals with communication and related disorders, who are trained to provide other services provided under this chapter, to individuals with disabilities, and who may include—
(A) personnel specifically trained in providing employment assistance to individuals with disabilities through job development and job placement services;
(B) personnel specifically trained to identify, assess, and meet the individual rehabilitation needs of individuals with disabilities, including needs for rehabilitation technology;
(C) personnel specifically trained to deliver services to individuals who may benefit from receiving independent living services;
(D) personnel specifically trained to deliver services in the client assistance programs;
(E) personnel specifically trained to deliver supported employment services and customized employment services to individuals with the most significant disabilities;
(F) personnel specifically trained to deliver services to individuals with disabilities pursuing self-employment, business ownership, and telecommuting;
(G) personnel trained in performing other functions necessar
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 794c
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