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15 U.S.C. § 8511 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Seasonal** — The term “seasonal” means the time range between 3 months and 2 years.
(2) **State** — The term “State” means a State, a territory, or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, or the District of Columbia.
(3) **Subseasonal** — The term “subseasonal” means the time range between 2 weeks and 3 months.
(4) **Under Secretary** — The term “Under Secretary” means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
(5) **Weather industry and weather enterprise** — The terms “weather industry” and “weather enterprise” are interchangeable in this chapter, and include individuals and organizations from public, private, and academic sectors that contribute to the research, development, and production of weather forecast products, and primary consumers of these weather forecast products.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_6e8cadeccc1616ad493d1fe6
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-8511-definitions--2354a96f58.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 111, § 8511; chapter-111-weather-research-and-forecasting-innovation.md
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In this chapter:
(1) **Seasonal** — The term “seasonal” means the time range between 3 months and 2 years.
(2) **State** — The term “State” means a State, a territory, or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, or the District of Columbia.
(3) **Subseasonal** — The term “subseasonal” means the time range between 2 weeks and 3 months.
(4) **Under Secretary** — The term “Under Secretary” means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
(5) **Weather industry and weather enterprise** — The terms “weather industry” and “weather enterprise” are interchangeable in this chapter, and include individuals and organizations from public, private, and academic sectors that contribute to the research, development, and production of weather forecast products, and primary consumers of these weather forecast products.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Relief**
(A) *In general* — Upon a determination under paragraph (2) that there is an event of national significance, the appropriate Federal official is authorized to make sums available to the affected State or local government for the purposes of assessing and mitigating the detrimental environmental, economic, subsistence use, and public health effects of the event of national significance.
(B) *Federal share* — The Federal share of the cost of any activity carried out under this paragraph for the purposes described in subparagraph (A) may not exceed 50 percent of the cost of that activity.
(C) *Donations* — Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an appropriate Federal official may accept donations of funds, services, facilities, materials, or equipment that the appropriate Federal official considers necessary for the purposes described in subparagraph (A). Any funds donated to an appropriate Federal official under this paragraph may be expended without further appropriation and without fiscal year limitation.
(2) **Determinations**
(A) *In general* — At the discretion of an appropriate Federal official, or at the request of the Governor of an affected State, an appropriate Federal official shall determine whether a hypoxia or harmful algal bloom event is an event of national significance.
(B) *Considerations* — In making a determination under subparagraph (A), the appropriate Federal official shall consider the toxicity of the harmful algal bloom, the severity of the hypoxia, its potential to spread, the economic impact, the relative size in relation to the past 5 occurrences of harmful algal blooms or hypoxia events that occur on a recurrent or annual basis, and the geographic scope, including the potential to affect several municipaliti
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 4010
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of Inter-Agency Task Force** The President, through the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources of the National Science and Technology Council, shall establish an Inter-Agency Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia. The Task Force shall consist of a representative from—
(1) the Department of Commerce (who shall serve as Chairman of the Task Force);
(2) the Environmental Protection Agency;
(3) the Department of Agriculture;
(4) the Department of the Interior;
(5) the Department of the Navy;
(6) the Department of Health and Human Services;
(7) the National Science Foundation;
(8) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(9) the Food and Drug Administration;
(10) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(11) the Council on Environmental Quality;
(12) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
(13) the Army Corps of Engineers; and
(14) other Federal agencies as the President considers appropriate.
**(b) Assessment of harmful algal blooms**
(1) Not later than 12 months after November 13, 1998, the Task Force, in cooperation with the coastal States, Indian tribes, and local governments, industry (including agricultural organizations), academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations with expertise in coastal zone management, shall complete and submit to the Congress an assessment which examines the ecological and economic consequences of harmful algal blooms, alternatives for reducing, mitigating, and controlling harmful algal blooms, and the social and economic costs and benefits of such alternatives.
(2) The assessment shall—
(A) identify alternatives for preventing unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal agencies and departments with respect to harmful algal blooms; and
(B) provid
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 4001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Backup capability** The Under Secretary shall acquire backup for the capabilities of the WP–3D Orion and G–IV hurricane aircraft of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that is sufficient to prevent a single point of failure.
**(b) Authority to enter agreements** In order to carry out subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall negotiate and enter into 1 or more agreements or contracts, to the extent practicable and necessary, with governmental and non-governmental entities.
**(c) Future technology** The Under Secretary shall continue the development of Airborne Phased Array Radar under the United States Weather Research Program.
**(d) Authorization of appropriations** For each of fiscal years 2017 through 2020, support for implementing subsections (a) and (b) is authorized out of funds appropriated to the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8550
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Under Secretary, through the National Weather Service and other appropriate weather and climate programs in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall establish a National Integrated Drought Information System to better inform and provide for more timely decisionmaking to reduce drought related impacts and costs.
**(b) System functions** The National Integrated Drought Information System shall—
(1) provide an effective drought early warning system that—
(A) collects and integrates information on the key indicators of drought and drought impacts, including precipitation, soil moisture, and evaporative demand, in order to make usable, reliable, and timely forecasts of drought and assessments of the severity of drought conditions and impacts; and
(B) provides such information, forecasts, and assessments on both national and regional levels;
(2) communicate drought forecasts, drought conditions, and drought impacts on an ongoing basis to public and private entities engaged in drought planning and preparedness, including—
(A) decisionmakers at the Federal, regional, State, tribal, and local levels of government;
(B) the private sector; and
(C) the public;
(3) provide timely data, information, and products that reflect local, regional, watershed, and State differences in drought conditions;
(4) coordinate, and integrate, through interagency agreements as practicable, Federal research and monitoring in support of a drought early warning information system;
(5) utilize existing forecasting and assessment programs and partnerships, including forecast communication coordinators and cooperative institutes, and improvements in seasonal precipitation and temperature, subseasonal precipitation and temperature, and low flow w
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 313d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) The term “Administration” means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
(2) The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 3201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Program** The Assistant Administrator for the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research shall conduct a program to develop improved understanding of and forecast capabilities for atmospheric events and their impacts, placing priority on developing more accurate, timely, and effective warnings and forecasts of high impact weather events that endanger life and property.
**(b) Program elements** The program described in subsection (a) shall focus on the following activities:
(1) Improving the fundamental understanding of weather consistent with [section 8511 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section8511&num=0&edition=prelim), including the boundary layer and other processes affecting high impact weather events.
(2) Improving the understanding of how the public receives, interprets, and responds to warnings and forecasts of high impact weather events that endanger life and property.
(3) Research and development, and transfer of knowledge, technologies, and applications to the National Weather Service and other appropriate agencies and entities, including the United States weather industry and academic partners, related to—
(A) advanced radar, radar networking technologies, and other ground-based technologies, including those emphasizing rapid, fine-scale sensing of the boundary layer and lower troposphere, and the use of innovative, dual-polarization, phased-array technologies;
(B) aerial weather observing systems;
(C) high performance computing and information technology and wireless communication networks;
(D) advanced numerical weather prediction systems and forecasting tools and techniques that improve the forecasting of timing, track, intensity, and severity of high impact weather, including throu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 8512a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2425
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 8512
Sec.
8532.
Commercial weather data.
8533.
Unnecessary duplication.
SUBCHAPTER III—FEDERAL WEATHER
COORDINATION
8541.
Environmental Information Services Working
Group.
8542.
Interagency weather research and forecast in-
novation coordination.
8543.
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research
and National Weather Service exchange
program.
8544.
Visiting fellows at National Weather Service.
8545.
Warning
coordination
meteorologists
at
weather forecast offices of National Weath-
er Service.
8546.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration Weather Ready All Hazards Award
Program.
8547.
Report on contract positions at National
Weather Service.
8548.
Weather enterprise outreach.
8549.
Hurricane hunter aircraft.
8550.
Improvements to Cooperative Observer Pro-
gram of National Weather Service.
SUBCHAPTER IV—IMPROVING FEDERAL
PRECIPITATION INFORMATION
8561.
Study on precipitation estimation.
8562.
Improving probable maximum precipitation
estimates.
8563.
Definitions.
§ 8501. Definitions
In this chapter:
(1) Seasonal
The term ‘‘seasonal’’ means the time range
between 3 months and 2 years.
(2) State
The term ‘‘State’’ means a State, a terri-
tory, or possession of the United States, in-
cluding a Commonwealth, or the District of
Columbia.
(3) Subseasonal
The term ‘‘subseasonal’’ means the time
range between 2 weeks and 3 months.
(4) Under Secretary
The term ‘‘Under Secretary’’ means the
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and
Atmosphere.
(5) Weather industry and weather enterprise
The terms ‘‘weather industry’’ and ‘‘weather
enterprise’’ are interchangeable in this chap-
ter, and include individuals and organizations
from public, private, and academic sectors
that c
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 8511
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.