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42 U.S.C. § 10101 — Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 10101 — Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board

**(a) Establishment** There is established a Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board that shall be an independent establishment within the executive branch. **(b) Members** (1) The Board shall consist of 11 members who shall be appointed by the President not later than 90 days after December 22, 1987, from among persons nominated by the National Academy of Sciences in accordance with paragraph (3). (2) The President shall designate a member of the Board to serve as chairman. (3) (A) The National Academy of Sciences shall, not later than 90 days after December 22, 1987, nominate not less than 22 persons for appointment to the Board from among persons who meet the qualifications described in subparagraph (C). (B) The National Academy of Sciences shall nominate not less than 2 persons to fill any vacancy on the Board from among persons who meet the qualifications described in subparagraph (C). (C) (i) Each person nominated for appointment to the Board shall be— (I) eminent in a field of science or engineering, including environmental sciences; and (II) selected solely on the basis of established records of distinguished service. (ii) The membership of the Board shall be representative of the broad range of scientific and engineering disciplines related to activities under this subchapter. (iii) No person shall be nominated for appointment to the Board who is an employee of— (I) the Department of Energy; (II) a national laboratory under contract with the Department of Energy; or (III) an entity performing high-level radioactive waste or spent nuclear fuel activities under contract with the Department of Energy. (4) Any vacancy on the Board shall be filled by the nomination and appointment process described in para

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_6b088936a9eafa05f28368dc
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-10101-nuclear-waste-technical-review-board--2b03ecd62b.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 108, § 10101; chapter-108-nuclear-waste-policy.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

10 U.S.C. § 6192 — Defense site acceleration completion

**(a) In General.—** Notwithstanding the provisions of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ([42 U.S.C. 10101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the requirements of section 202 of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 ([42 U.S.C. 5842](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5842&num=0&edition=prelim)), and other laws that define classes of radioactive waste, with respect to material stored at a Department of Energy site at which activities are regulated by a covered State pursuant to approved closure plans or permits issued by the State, the term “high-level radioactive waste” does not include radioactive waste resulting from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel that the Secretary of Energy (in this section referred to as the “Secretary”), in consultation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (in this section referred to as the “Commission”), determines— (1) does not require permanent isolation in a deep geologic repository for spent fuel or high-level radioactive waste; (2) has had highly radioactive radionuclides removed to the maximum extent practical; and (3) (A) does not exceed concentration limits for Class C low-level waste as set out in section 61.55 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, and will be disposed of— (i) in compliance with the performance objectives set out in subpart C of part 61 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations; and (ii) pursuant to a State-approved closure plan or State-issued permit, authority for the approval or issuance of which is conferred on the State outside of this section; or (B) exceeds concentration limits for Class C low-level waste as set out in section 61.55 of title 10, Code of Federa

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 10131 — Definitions

For purposes of this chapter: (1) The term “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. (2) The term “affected Indian tribe” means any Indian tribe— (A) within whose reservation boundaries a monitored retrievable storage facility, test and evaluation facility, or a repository for high-level radioactive waste or spent fuel is proposed to be located; (B) whose federally defined possessory or usage rights to other lands outside of the reservation’s boundaries arising out of congressionally ratified treaties may be substantially and adversely affected by the locating of such a facility: Provided, That the Secretary of the Interior finds, upon the petition of the appropriate governmental officials of the tribe, that such effects are both substantial and adverse to the tribe; 11 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period. (3) The term “atomic energy defense activity” means any activity of the Secretary performed in whole or in part in carrying out any of the following functions: (A) naval reactors development; (B) weapons activities including defense inertial confinement fusion; (C) verification and control technology; (D) defense nuclear materials production; (E) defense nuclear waste and materials by-products management; (F) defense nuclear materials security and safeguards and security investigations; and (G) defense research and development. (4) The term “candidate site” means an area, within a geologic and hydrologic system, that is recommended by the Secretary under [section 10132 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10132&num=0&edition=prelim) for site characterization, approved by the President under [section 10132 of this title](https

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 10139 — Biennial report on the spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste inventory in the United States

**(a) Definitions** In this section: (1) **High-level radioactive waste** — The term “high-level radioactive waste” has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ([42 U.S.C. 10101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10101&num=0&edition=prelim)). (2) **Spent nuclear fuel** — The term “spent nuclear fuel” has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ([42 U.S.C. 10101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10101&num=0&edition=prelim)). (3) **Standard contract** — The term “standard contract” has the meaning given the term “contract” in section 961.3 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or any successor regulation). **(b) Report** Not later than January 1, 2026, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report that describes— (1) the annual and cumulative amount of payments made by the United States to the holder of a standard contract due to a partial breach of contract under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ([42 U.S.C. 10101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) resulting in financial damages to the holder; (2) the cumulative amount spent by the Department of Energy since fiscal year 2008 to reduce future payments projected to be made by the United States to any holder of a standard contract due to a partial breach of contract under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ([42 U.S.C. 10101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); (3) the cumulative amount spent by the Department of Energy to store, manage, and dispose of sp

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 16279c — Enabling nuclear energy innovation

**(a) National Reactor Innovation Center** There is authorized a program to enable the testing and demonstration of reactor concepts to be proposed and funded, in whole or in part, by the private sector. **(b) Technical expertise** In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall leverage the technical expertise of relevant Federal agencies and the National Laboratories in order to minimize the time required to enable construction and operation of privately funded experimental reactors at National Laboratories or other Department-owned sites. **(c) Objectives** The reactors described in subsection (b) shall operate to meet the following objectives: (1) Enabling physical validation of advanced nuclear reactor concepts. (2) Resolving technical uncertainty and increasing practical knowledge relevant to safety, resilience, security, and functionality of advanced nuclear reactor concepts. (3) General research and development to improve nascent technologies. **(d) Sharing technical expertise** In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary may enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Chairman of the Commission in order to share technical expertise and knowledge through— (1) enabling the testing and demonstration of advanced nuclear reactor concepts to be proposed and funded, in whole or in part, by the private sector; (2) operating a database to store and share data and knowledge relevant to nuclear science and engineering between Federal agencies and the private sector; (3) developing and testing electric and nonelectric integration and energy conversion systems relevant to advanced nuclear reactors; (4) leveraging expertise from the Commission with respect to safety analysis; and (5) enabling technical staff of the C

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16279c

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 16282 — International nuclear energy cooperation

**(a) In general** The Secretary shall carry out a program— (1) to collaborate in international efforts with respect to research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of nuclear technology that supports diplomatic, nonproliferation, climate, and international economic objectives for the safe, secure, and peaceful use of such technology; (2) to develop collaboration initiatives with respect to such efforts with a variety of countries through— (A) research and development agreements; (B) the development of coordinated action plans; and (C) new or existing multilateral cooperation commitments including— (i) the International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation; (ii) the Generation IV International Forum; (iii) the International Atomic Energy Agency; (iv) the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency; and (v) any other international collaborative effort with respect to advanced nuclear reactor operations and safety; (3) to support, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, the safe, secure, and peaceful use of civil nuclear technology in countries developing nuclear energy programs, with a focus on countries that have increased civil nuclear cooperation with the Russian Federation or the People’s Republic of China; and (4) to promote the fullest utilization of the reactors, fuel, equipment, services, and technology of United States nuclear energy companies (as defined in subsection (b) of the International Nuclear Energy Act of 2025 [[42 U.S.C. 16283](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16283&num=0&edition=prelim)]) in civil nuclear energy programs outside the United States through— (A) bilateral and multilateral arrangements devel

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16282

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 16293 — International nuclear energy

**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “International Nuclear Energy Act of 2025”. **(b) Definitions** In this section: (1) **Advanced nuclear reactor** — The term “advanced nuclear reactor” has the meaning given the term in [section 16271(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16271/b&num=0&edition=prelim), except that, for purposes of this section, the reference to “reactors operating on December 27, 2020” in paragraph (1)(A) of that section shall be deemed to read “reactors operating in the United States on December 27, 2020”. (2) **Ally or partner nation** — The term “ally or partner nation” means— (A) the Government of any country that is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; (B) the Government of the Republic of India; and (C) the Government of any country designated as an ally or partner nation by the Secretary of State for purposes of this section. (3) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means— (A) the Committees on Foreign Relations, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate; and (B) the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Science, Space, and Technology, and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. (4) **Associated entity** — The term “associated entity” means an entity that— (A) is owned, controlled, or operated by— (i) an ally or partner nation; or (ii) an associated individual; or (B) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a country described in paragraph (2), including a corporation that is incorporated in a country described in that paragraph. (5) **Associated individual** — T

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16293

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2014 — Definitions

The intent of Congress in the definitions as given in this section should be construed from the words or phrases used in the definitions. As used in this chapter: **(a)** The term “agency of the United States” means the executive branch of the United States, or any Government agency, or the legislative branch of the United States, or any agency, committee, commission, office, or other establishment in the legislative branch, or the judicial branch of the United States, or any office, agency, committee, commission, or other establishment in the judicial branch. **(b)** The term “agreement for cooperation” means any agreement with another nation or regional defense organization authorized or permitted by sections 2074, 2077, 2094, 2112, 2121(c), 2133, 2134, or 2164 of this title, and made pursuant to [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim). **(c)** The term “atomic energy” means all forms of energy released in the course of nuclear fission or nuclear transformation. **(d)** The term “atomic weapon” means any device utilizing atomic energy, exclusive of the means for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as, or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device. **(e)** The term “byproduct material” means— (1) any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material; (2) the tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from any ore processed primarily for its source mater

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2014

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2065 — Improving the reliability of domestic medical isotope supply

**(a) Medical isotope development projects** (1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out a technology-neutral program— (A) to evaluate and support projects for the production in the United States, without the use of highly enriched uranium, of significant quantities of molybdenum-99 for medical uses; (B) to be carried out in cooperation with non-Federal entities; and (C) the costs of which shall be shared in accordance with [section 16352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16352&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) **Criteria** — Projects shall be evaluated against the following primary criteria: (A) The length of time necessary for the proposed project to begin production of molybdenum-99 for medical uses within the United States. (B) The capability of the proposed project to produce a significant percentage of United States demand for molybdenum-99 for medical uses. (C) The capability of the proposed project to produce molybdenum-99 in a cost-effective manner. (D) The cost of the proposed project. (3) **Exemption** — An existing reactor in the United States fueled with highly enriched uranium shall not be disqualified from the program if the Secretary determines that— (A) there is no alternative nuclear reactor fuel, enriched in the isotope U–235 to less than 20 percent, that can be used in that reactor; (B) the reactor operator has provided assurances that, whenever an alternative nuclear reactor fuel, enriched in the isotope U–235 to less than 20 percent, can be used in that reactor, it will use that alternative in lieu of highly enriched uranium; and (C) the reactor operator has provided a current report on the status of its efforts to convert the reactor to an alternative nuclear

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2133 — Commercial licenses

**(a) Conditions** The Commission is authorized to issue licenses to persons applying therefor to transfer or receive in interstate commerce, manufacture, produce, transfer, acquire, possess, use, import, or export under the terms of an agreement for cooperation arranged pursuant to [section 2153 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim), utilization or production facilities for industrial or commercial purposes. Such licenses shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of subchapter XV and subject to such conditions as the Commission may by rule or regulation establish to effectuate the purposes and provisions of this chapter. **(b) Nonexclusive basis** The Commission shall issue such licenses on a nonexclusive basis to persons applying therefor (1) whose proposed activities will serve a useful purpose proportionate to the quantities of special nuclear material or source material to be utilized; (2) who are equipped to observe and who agree to observe such safety standards to protect health and to minimize danger to life or property as the Commission may by rule establish; and (3) who agree to make available to the Commission such technical information and data concerning activities under such licenses as the Commission may determine necessary to promote the common defense and security and to protect the health and safety of the public. All such information may be used by the Commission only for the purposes of the common defense and security and to protect the health and safety of the public. **(c) License period** Each such license shall be issued for a specified period, as determined by the Commission, depending on the type of activity to be licensed, but not exceeding forty years fr

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2133

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2286g — “Department of Energy defense nuclear facility” defined

As used in this subchapter, the term “Department of Energy defense nuclear facility” means any of the following: (1) A production facility or utilization facility (as defined in [section 2014 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2014&num=0&edition=prelim)) that is under the control or jurisdiction of the Secretary of Energy and that is operated for national security purposes, but the term does not include— (A) any facility or activity covered by Executive Order No. 12344, dated February 1, 1982, pertaining to the Naval nuclear propulsion program; (B) any facility or activity involved with the transportation of nuclear explosives or nuclear material; (C) any facility that does not conduct atomic energy defense activities; or (D) any facility owned by the United States Enrichment Corporation. (2) A nuclear waste storage facility under the control or jurisdiction of the Secretary of Energy, but the term does not include a facility developed pursuant to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 ([42 U.S.C. 10101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section10101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) and licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2286g

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