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18 U.S.C. § 1905 — Disclosure of confidential information generally
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States or of any department or agency thereof, any person acting on behalf of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or agent of the Department of Justice as defined in the Antitrust Civil Process Act ([15 U.S.C. 1311–131](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1311–131&num=0&edition=prelim)4), or being an employee of a private sector organization who is or was assigned to an agency under chapter 37 of title 5, publishes, divulges, discloses, or makes known in any manner or to any extent not authorized by law any information coming to him in the course of his employment or official duties or by reason of any examination or investigation made by, or return, report or record made to or filed with, such department or agency or officer or employee thereof, which information concerns or relates to the trade secrets, processes, operations, style of work, or apparatus, or to the identity, confidential statistical data, amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures of any person, firm, partnership, corporation, or association; or permits any income return or copy thereof or any book containing any abstract or particulars thereof to be seen or examined by any person except as provided by law; shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and shall be removed from office or employment.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_69c8193e1b1b318c7b4c41e3
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-1905-disclosure-of-confidential-information-generally--839f7d695f.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 93, § 1905; chapter-093-public-officers-and-employees.md
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Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States or of any department or agency thereof, any person acting on behalf of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or agent of the Department of Justice as defined in the Antitrust Civil Process Act ([15 U.S.C. 1311–131](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1311–131&num=0&edition=prelim)4), or being an employee of a private sector organization who is or was assigned to an agency under chapter 37 of title 5, publishes, divulges, discloses, or makes known in any manner or to any extent not authorized by law any information coming to him in the course of his employment or official duties or by reason of any examination or investigation made by, or return, report or record made to or filed with, such department or agency or officer or employee thereof, which information concerns or relates to the trade secrets, processes, operations, style of work, or apparatus, or to the identity, confidential statistical data, amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures of any person, firm, partnership, corporation, or association; or permits any income return or copy thereof or any book containing any abstract or particulars thereof to be seen or examined by any person except as provided by law; shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and shall be removed from office or employment.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Short Title of 2026 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.”
#### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The commission is authorized to adopt such reasonable procedures and rules and regulations as it deems necessary to carry out its functions and duties.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
**(a)** The term “antitrust law” includes:
(1) Each provision of law defined as one of the antitrust laws by [section 12 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section12&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) Any statute enacted on and after September 19, 1962, by the Congress which prohibits, or makes available to the United States in any court of the United States any civil remedy with respect to any restraint upon or monopolization of interstate or foreign trade or commerce;
**(b)** The term “antitrust order” means any final order, decree, or judgment of any court of the United States, duly entered in any case or proceeding arising under any antitrust law;
**(c)** The term “antitrust investigation” means any inquiry conducted by any antitrust investigator for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person is or has been engaged in any antitrust violation or in any activities in preparation for a merger, acquisition, joint venture, or similar transaction, which, if consummated, may result in an antitrust violation;
**(d)** The term “antitrust violation” means any act or omission in violation of any antitrust law, any antitrust order or, with respect to the International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance Act of 1994 [[15 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], any of the foreign antitrust laws;
**(e)** The term “antitrust investigator” means any attorney or investigator employed by the Department of Justice who is charged with the duty of enforcing or carrying into effect any antitrust law;
**(f)** The term “person” means any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity, inclu
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act Jan. 27, 1938, ch. 11, § 2, 52 Stat. 8, related to disclosure by employee of information. See [section 1905 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1905&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Section 20 of act June 25, 1948, provided that the repeal of this section shall be effective Sept. 1, 1948.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 176b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The punishment for an offense under section 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, or 209 of this title is the following:
(1) Whoever engages in the conduct constituting the offense shall be imprisoned for not more than one year or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.
(2) Whoever willfully engages in the conduct constituting the offense shall be imprisoned for not more than five years or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.
**(b)** The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate United States district court against any person who engages in conduct constituting an offense under section 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, or 209 of this title and, upon proof of such conduct by a preponderance of the evidence, such person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for each violation or the amount of compensation which the person received or offered for the prohibited conduct, whichever amount is greater. The imposition of a civil penalty under this subsection does not preclude any other criminal or civil statutory, common law, or administrative remedy, which is available by law to the United States or any other person.
**(c)** If the Attorney General has reason to believe that a person is engaging in conduct constituting an offense under section 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, or 209 of this title, the Attorney General may petition an appropriate United States district court for an order prohibiting that person from engaging in such conduct. The court may issue an order prohibiting that person from engaging in such conduct if the court finds that the conduct constitutes such an offense. The filing of a petition under this section does not preclude any other remedy which is available by law to the United States or any other
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this title:
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter, the definitions under section 3502 shall apply, and the term—
(1) “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government established under section 3602;
(2) “Council” means the Chief Information Officers Council established under section 3603;
(3) “electronic Government” means the use by the Government of web-based Internet applications and other information technologies, combined with processes that implement these technologies, to—
(A) enhance the access to and delivery of Government information and services to the public, other agencies, and other Government entities; or
(B) bring about improvements in Government operations that may include effectiveness, efficiency, service quality, or transformation;
(4) “enterprise architecture”—
(A) means—
(i) a strategic information asset base, which defines the mission;
(ii) the information necessary to perform the mission;
(iii) the technologies necessary to perform the mission; and
(iv) the transitional processes for implementing new technologies in response to changing mission needs; and
(B) includes—
(i) a baseline architecture;
(ii) a target architecture; and
(iii) a sequencing plan;
(5) “Fund” means the E-Government Fund established under section 3604;
(6) “interoperability” means the ability of different operating and software systems, applications, and services to communicate and exchange data in an accurate, effective, and consistent manner;
(7) “integrated service delivery” means the provision of Internet-based Federal Government information or services integrated according to function or topic rather than separated according to the boundaries of agency jurisdiction; and
(8) “tribal government” means—
(A) the governing b
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 44 U.S.C. § 3601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** With respect to any contract awarded by the Secretary of the Air Force for the launch of a national security payload under the National Security Space Launch program, not later than 30 days after entering into such a contract, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a description of the pricing terms of the contract. For those contracts that include the launch of assets of the National Reconnaissance Office, the Secretary shall also submit the pricing terms to the congressional intelligence committees (as defined by section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 3003](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3003&num=0&edition=prelim))).
**(b) Competitively Sensitive Trade Secret Data.—** The congressional defense committees and the congressional intelligence committees shall—
(1) treat a description of pricing terms submitted under subsection (a) as competitively sensitive trade secret data; and
(2) use the description solely for committee purposes, subject to appropriate restrictions to maintain the confidentiality of the description.
**(c) Rule of Construction.—** For purposes of [section 1905 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1905&num=0&edition=prelim), a disclosure of contract pricing terms under subsection (a) shall be construed as a disclosure authorized by law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2277
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (referred to in this section collectively as the “enterprises”), and the Federal Home Loan Banks (referred to in this section as the “Banks”), have important public missions that are reflected in the statutes and charter Acts establishing the Banks and the enterprises;
(2) because the continued ability of the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation to accomplish their public missions is important to providing housing in the United States and the health of the Nation’s economy, more effective Federal regulation is needed to reduce the risk of failure of the enterprises;
(3) considering the current operating procedures of the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Federal Home Loan Banks, the enterprises and the Banks currently pose low financial risk of insolvency;
(4) neither the enterprises nor the Banks, nor any securities or obligations issued by the enterprises or the Banks, are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States;
(5) an entity regulating the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation should have sufficient autonomy from the enterprises and special interest groups;
(6) an entity regulating such enterprises should have the authority to establish capital standards, require financial disclosure, prescribe adequate standards for books and records and other internal controls, conduct examinations when necessary, and enforce compliance with the standards and rules that it establishes;
(7) the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation have an affirma
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 4511
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Comptroller General oversight**
(1) **Scope of oversight** — The Comptroller General of the United States shall, upon establishment of the troubled assets relief program 11 So in original. Probably should be “Troubled Asset Relief Program”. under this chapter (in this section referred to as the “TARP”), commence ongoing oversight of the activities and performance of the TARP and of any agents and representatives of the TARP (as related to the agent or representative’s activities on behalf of or under the authority of the TARP), including vehicles established by the Secretary under this chapter. The subjects of such oversight shall include the following:
(A) The performance of the TARP in meeting the purposes of this chapter, particularly those involving—
(i) foreclosure mitigation;
(ii) cost reduction;
(iii) whether it has provided stability or prevented disruption to the financial markets or the banking system;
(iv) whether it has protected taxpayers; and
(v) public accountability for the exercise of such authority, including with respect to actions taken by those entities participating in programs established under this chapter.
(B) The financial condition and internal controls of the TARP, its representatives and agents.
(C) Characteristics of transactions and commitments entered into, including transaction type, frequency, size, prices paid, and all other relevant terms and conditions, and the timing, duration and terms of any future commitments to purchase assets.
(D) Characteristics and disposition of acquired assets, including type, acquisition price, current market value, sale prices and terms, and use of proceeds from sales.
(E) Efficiency of the operations of the TARP in the use of appropriated funds.
(F) Compl
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