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18 U.S.C. § 2388 — Activities affecting armed forces during war
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, when the United States is at war, willfully makes or conveys false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies; orWhoever, when the United States is at war, willfully causes or attempts to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or willfully obstructs the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, to the injury of the service or the United States, or attempts to do so— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.
**(b)** If two or more persons conspire to violate subsection (a) of this section and one or more such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in said subsection (a).
**(c)** Whoever harbors or conceals any person who he knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe or suspect, has committed, or is about to commit, an offense under this section, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
**(d)** This section shall apply within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States, and on the high seas, as well as within the United States.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_6668b78c683c9f1fd6825e36
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-2388-activities-affecting-armed-forces-during-war--ad0df28769.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 115, § 2388; chapter-115-treason-sedition-and-subversive-activities.md
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**(a)** Whoever, when the United States is at war, willfully makes or conveys false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies; orWhoever, when the United States is at war, willfully causes or attempts to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty, in the military or naval forces of the United States, or willfully obstructs the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, to the injury of the service or the United States, or attempts to do so— Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.
**(b)** If two or more persons conspire to violate subsection (a) of this section and one or more such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in said subsection (a).
**(c)** Whoever harbors or conceals any person who he knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe or suspect, has committed, or is about to commit, an offense under this section, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
**(d)** This section shall apply within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States, and on the high seas, as well as within the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A Council of National Defense is established, for the coordination of industries and resources for the national security and welfare, to consist of the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, added June 30, 1953, ch. 175, § 6, 67 Stat. 134, related to temporary extension of [section 2388 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2388&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2391
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever harbors or conceals any person who he knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe or suspect, has committed, or is about to commit, an offense under sections 793 or 794 of this title, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 792
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, with intent or reason to believe that it is to be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation, communicates, delivers, or transmits, or attempts to communicate, deliver, or transmit, to any foreign government, or to any faction or party or military or naval force within a foreign country, whether recognized or unrecognized by the United States, or to any representative, officer, agent, employee, subject, or citizen thereof, either directly or indirectly, any document, writing, code book, signal book, sketch, photograph, photographic negative, blueprint, plan, map, model, note, instrument, appliance, or information relating to the national defense, shall be punished by death or by imprisonment for any term of years or for life, except that the sentence of death shall not be imposed unless the jury or, if there is no jury, the court, further finds that the offense resulted in the identification by a foreign power (as defined in section 101(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978) of an individual acting as an agent of the United States and consequently in the death of that individual, or directly concerned nuclear weaponry, military spacecraft or satellites, early warning systems, or other means of defense or retaliation against large-scale attack; war plans; communications intelligence or cryptographic information; or any other major weapons system or major element of defense strategy.
**(b)** Whoever, in time of war, with intent that the same shall be communicated to the enemy, collects, records, publishes, or communicates, or attempts to elicit any information with respect to the movement, numbers, description, condition, or disposition of any of the Armed Forces, ships, aircraft, or war materials of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 794
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 31, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 1, 40 Stat. 217; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, title I, § 1, 54 Stat. 79, related to unlawful obtaining or permitting to be obtained information affecting national defense. See [section 793 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section793&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 32, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 2, 40 Stat. 218, related to unlawful disclosures affecting national defense. See [section 794 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section794&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 33, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 3, 40 Stat. 219, related to seditious or disloyal acts or words in time of war. See [section 2388 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2388&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 33 was amended by act May 16, 1918, ch. 75, § 1, 40 Stat. 553, which was repealed and the original section reenacted by act Mar. 3, 1921, ch. 136, 41 Stat. 1359.
Section 34, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 4, 40 Stat. 219, related to conspiracy to violate sections 32 and 33 of this title. See sections 794 and 2388 of Title 18.
Section 35, acts June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 5, 40 Stat. 219; Mar. 28, 1940, ch. 72, § 2, 54 Stat. 79, related to the harboring or concealing of violators of the law. See sections 792 and 2388 of Title 18.
Section 36, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 6, 40 Stat. 219, related to designation by proclamation of prohibited areas. See [section 793 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section793&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 37, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title I, § 8,
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 618
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 2387
(C) The Attorney General is authorized at any
time to make, amend, and rescind such rules
and regulations as may be necessary to carry
out this section, including rules and regulations
governing the statements required to be filed.
(D) Whoever violates any of the provisions of
this section shall be fined under this title or im-
prisoned not more than five years, or both.
Whoever in a statement filed pursuant to this
section willfully makes any false statement or
willfully omits to state any fact which is re-
quired to be stated, or which is necessary to
make the statements made not misleading, shall
be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
than five years, or both.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 808; Pub. L.
103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(I), (L), Sept. 13,
1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 14–17 (Oct. 17,
1940, ch. 897, §§ 1–4, 54 Stat. 1201–1204).
Section consolidates sections 14–17 of title 18, U.S.C.,
1940 ed., as subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively,
of this section, with necessary changes of phraseology
and translation of section references.
Words ‘‘upon conviction’’ which preceded ‘‘be sub-
ject’’ were omitted as surplusage, as punishment can-
not otherwise be imposed.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this
title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $10,000’’ in penultimate
par. and for ‘‘fined not more than $2,000’’ in last par.
§ 2387. Activities affecting armed forces generally
(a) Whoever, with intent to interfere with, im-
pair, or influence the loyalty, morale, or dis-
cipline of the military or naval forces of the
United States:
(1) advises, counsels, urges
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 2388
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