31 U.S.C. § 732 — Personnel management system

**(a)** The Comptroller General shall maintain a personnel management system. The Comptroller General may prescribe a regulation about the system only after notice and opportunity for public comment. A reprisal or threat of reprisal may not be made against an officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office because of comments on a proposed regulation about the system. **(b)** The personnel management system shall— (1) include the principles of [section 2301(b) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section2301/b&num=0&edition=prelim); (2) prohibit personnel practices prohibited under [section 2302(b) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section2302/b&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) prohibit political activities prohibited under subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5; (4) ensure that officers and employees of the Office are appointed, promoted, and assigned only on the basis of merit and fitness, but without regard to those provisions of title 5 governing appointments and other personnel actions in the competitive service; (5) give a preference to an individual eligible for a preference in the executive branch of the United States Government in a way and to an extent consistent with a preference given an individual in the executive branch; and (6) provide that the Comptroller General shall fix the basic pay of officers and employees of the Office not fixed by law, consistent with [section 5301 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5301&num=0&edition=prelim), except as provided under subsection (c)(3) of this section and [section 733(a)(3)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section733/a/3/B&num=0&edition=prelim). **(c)** Under the personnel management system— (1) the Comptroller General shall publish a schedule of basic pay rates for officers and employees of the Office; (2) except as provided in clause (4) of this subsection and [section 733(a)(3)(A) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section733/a/3/A&num=0&edition=prelim), the highest basic pay rate under the pay schedule may not be more than the rate for level III of the Executive Level, except that the total amount of cash compensation in any year shall be subject to the limitations provided under [section 5307(a)(1) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5307/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) except as provided under [section 733(a)(3)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section733/a/3/B&num=0&edition=prelim), basic rates of officers and employees of the Office shall be adjusted annually to such extent as determined by the Comptroller General, and in making that determination the Comptroller General shall consider— (A) the principle that equal pay should be provided for work of equal value within each local pay area; (B) the need to protect the purchasing power of officers and employees of the Office, taking into consideration the Consumer Price Index or other appropriate indices; (C) any existing pay disparities between officers and employees of the Office and non-Federal employees in each local pay area; (D) the pay rates for the same levels of work for officers and employees of the Office and non-Federal employees in each local pay area; (E) the appropriate distribution of agency funds between annual adjustments under this section and performance-based compensation; and (F) such other criteria as the Comptroller General considers appropriate, including, but not limited to, the funding level for the Office, amounts allocated for performance-based compensation, and the extent to which the Office is succeeding in fulfilling its mission and accomplishing its strategic plan; notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, an adjustment under this paragraph shall not be applied in the case of any officer or employee whose performance is not at a satisfactory level, as determined by the Comptroller General for purposes of such adjustment; (4) the pay schedule for officers and employees of the Office may provide that the basic pay rates for not more than 129 positions (including senior-level positions under [section 732a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section732a&num=0&edition=prelim)) may be at rates not more than the rate of basic pay payable for grade GS–18 of the General Schedule, less the number of positions in the General Accounting Office Senior Executive Service 11 See Change of Name note below. under [section 733 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section733&num=0&edition=prelim) (except positions included in the Service under [section 733(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section733/c&num=0&edition=prelim) and senior-level positions described in [section 732a(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section732a/b&num=0&edition=prelim)); and (5) the Comptroller General shall prescribe regulations under which an officer or employee of the Office shall be entitled to pay retention if, as a result of any reduction-in-force or other workforce adjustment procedure, position reclassification, or other appropriate circumstances as determined by the Comptroller General, such officer or employee is placed in or holds a position in a lower grade or band with a maximum rate of basic pay that is less than the rate of basic pay payable to the officer or employee immediately before the reduction in grade or band; such regulations— (A) shall provide that the officer or employee shall be entitled to continue receiving the rate of basic pay that was payable to the officer or employee immediately before the reduction in grade or band until such time as the retained rate becomes less than the maximum rate for the grade or band of the position held by such officer or employee; and (B) shall include provisions relating to the minimum period of time for which an officer or employee must have served or for which the position must have been classified at the higher grade or band in order for pay retention to apply, the events that terminate the right to pay retention (apart from the one described in subparagraph (A)), and exclusions based on the nature of an appointment; in prescribing regulations under this subparagraph, the Comptroller General shall be guided by the provisions of sections 5362 and 5363 of title 5. **(d)** The personnel management system shall provide— (1) for a system to appraise the performance of officers and employees of the General Accounting Office 22 So in original. Probably should be “Government Accountability Office”. that meets the requirements of [section 4302 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section4302&num=0&edition=prelim) and in addition includes— (A) a link between the performance management system and the agency’s strategic plan; (B) adequate training and retraining for supervisors, managers, and employees in the implementation and operation of the performance management system; (C) a process for ensuring ongoing performance feedback and dialogue between supervisors, managers, and employees throughout the appraisal period and setting timetables for review; (D) effective transparency and accountability measures to ensure that the management of the system is fair, credible, and equitable, including appropriate independent reasonableness, reviews, internal assessments, and employee surveys; and (E) a means to ensure that adequate agency resources are allocated for the design, implementation, and administration of the performance management system; (2) that the Comptroller General has the same responsibility for performance appraisals under this subsection as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management has under [section 4302 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section4302&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) for a reduction in grade or removal of an officer or employee because of unacceptable performance consistent with [section 4303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section4303&num=0&edition=prelim); (4) for other personnel actions consistent with chapter 75 of title 5; and (5) a procedure for processing complaints and grievances not otherwise provided for under clauses (3) and (4) of this subsection or subsection (e) or (f)(1) of this section. **(e)** The personnel management system shall provide— (1) a procedure that ensures that each officer and employee of the Government Accountability Office may form, join, or assist, or not form, join, or assist, an employee organization freely and without fear of penalty or reprisal; and (2) for a labor-management relations program consistent with chapter 71 of title 5. **(f)** (1) The personnel management system shall— (A) provide that all personnel actions affecting an officer, employee, or applicant for employment be taken without regard to race, color, religion, age, sex, national origin, political affiliation, marital status, or handicapping condition; and (B) include a minority recruitment program consistent with [section 7201 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section7201&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) This subchapter and subchapter IV of this chapter do not affect a right or remedy of an officer, employee, or applicant for employment under a law prohibiting discrimination in employment in the Government on the basis of race, color, religion, age, sex, national origin, political affiliation, marital status, or handicapping condition. However, for officers, employees, or applicants in the Government Accountability Office— (A) the General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board 1 has the same authority over oversight and appeals matters as an executive agency has over oversight and appeals matters; and (B) the Comptroller General has the same authority over matters (except oversight and appeals) as an executive agency has over matters (except oversight and appeals). (3) This section does not affect a lawful effort to achieve equal employment opportunity through affirmative action. **(g)** An officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office completing at least one year of continuous service under a nontemporary appointment under the personnel management system acquires a competitive status for appointment to a position in the competitive service for which the officer or employee is qualified. **(h)** (1) (A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Comptroller General shall prescribe regulations, consistent with regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management under authority of [section 3502(a) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3502/a&num=0&edition=prelim) for the separation of employees of the Government Accountability Office during a reduction in force or other adjustment in force. (B) The regulations must give effect to the following factors in descending order of priority— (i) tenure of employment; (ii) military preference subject to [section 3501(a)(3) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3501/a/3&num=0&edition=prelim); (iii) veterans’ preference under sections 3502(b) and 3502(c) of title 5; (iv) performance ratings; (v) length of service computed in accordance with the second sentence of [section 3502(a) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3502/a&num=0&edition=prelim); and (vi) other objective factors such as skills and knowledge that the Comptroller General considers necessary and appropriate to realign the agency’s workforce in order to meet current and future mission needs, to correct skill imbalances, or to reduce high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions. (C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the regulations relating to removal from the General Accounting Office Senior Executive Service 1 in a reduction in force or other adjustment in force shall be consistent with [section 3595(a) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3595/a&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) (A) The regulations shall provide a right of appeal to the General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board 1 regarding a personnel action under the regulations, consistent with [section 753 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section753&num=0&edition=prelim). (B) The regulations shall provide that final decision by the General Accounting Office Personnel Appeals Board 1 may be reviewed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit consistent with [section 755 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section755&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an employee may not be released, due to a reduction in force, unless such employee is given written notice at least 60 days before such employee is so released. Such notice shall include— (i) the personnel action to be taken with respect to the employee involved; (ii) the effective date of the action; (iii) a description of the procedures applicable in identifying employees for release; (iv) the employee’s ranking relative to other competing employees, and how that ranking was determined; and (v) a description of any appeal or other rights which may be available. (B) The Comptroller General may, in writing, shorten the period of advance notice required under subparagraph (A) with respect to a particular reduction in force, if necessary because of circumstances not reasonably foreseeable, except that such period may not be less than 30 days. **(i)** The regulations under subsection (h) shall include provisions under which, at the discretion of the Comptroller General, the opportunity to separate voluntarily (in order to permit the retention of an individual occupying a similar position) shall, with respect to the Government Accountability Office, be available to the same extent and in the same manner as described in subsection (f)(1)–(4) of [section 3502 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3502&num=0&edition=prelim) (with respect to the Department of Defense or a military department). **(j)** (1) For purposes of this subsection— (A) the term “pay increase”, as used with respect to an officer or employee in connection with a year, means the total increase in the rate of basic pay (expressed as a percentage) of such officer or employee, taking effect under section 731(b) and subsection (c)(3) in such year; (B) the term “required minimum percentage”, as used with respect to an officer or employee in connection with a year, means the percentage equal to the total increase in rates of basic pay (expressed as a percentage) taking effect under sections 5303 and 5304–5304a of title 5 in such year with respect to General Schedule positions within the pay locality (as defined by [section 5302(5) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5302/5&num=0&edition=prelim)) in which the position of such officer or employee is located; (C) the term “covered officer or employee”, as used with respect to a pay increase, means any individual— (i) who is an officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office, other than an officer or employee described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of section 4(c)(1) of the Government Accountability Office Act of 2008, determined as of the effective date of such pay increase; and (ii) whose performance is at least at a satisfactory level, as determined by the Comptroller General under the provisions of subsection (c)(3) for purposes of the adjustment taking effect under such provisions in such year; and (D) the term “nonpermanent merit pay” means any amount payable under section 731(b) which does not constitute basic pay. (2) (A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, if (disregarding this subsection) the pay increase that would otherwise take effect with respect to a covered officer or employee in a year would be less than the required minimum percentage for such officer or employee in such year, the Comptroller General shall provide for a further increase in the rate of basic pay of such officer or employee. (B) The further increase under this subsection— (i) shall be equal to the amount necessary to make up for the shortfall described in subparagraph (A); and (ii) shall take effect as of the same date as the pay increase otherwise taking effect in such year. (C) Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to permit or require that a rate of basic pay be increased to an amount inconsistent with the limitation set forth in subsection (c)(2). (D) If (disregarding this subsection) the covered officer or employee would also have received any nonpermanent merit pay in such year, such nonpermanent merit pay shall be decreased by an amount equal to the portion of such officer’s or employee’s basic pay for such year which is attributable to the further increase described in subparagraph (A) (as determined by the Comptroller General), but to not less than zero. (3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the effective date of any pay increase (within the meaning of paragraph (1)(A)) taking effect with respect to a covered officer or employee in any year shall be the same as the effective date of any adjustment taking effect under [section 5303 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5303&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to statutory pay systems (as defined by [section 5302(1) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5302/1&num=0&edition=prelim)) in such year.