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12 U.S.C. § 5906 — State qualified payment stablecoin issuers
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** A State payment stablecoin regulator shall have supervisory, examination, and enforcement authority over all State qualified payment stablecoin issuers of such State.
**(b) Authority to enter into agreements with the Board** A State payment stablecoin regulator may enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Board, by mutual agreement, under which the Board may participate in the supervision, examination, and enforcement of this chapter with respect to the State qualified payment stablecoin issuers of such State.
**(c) Sharing of information** A State payment stablecoin regulator and the Board shall share information on an ongoing basis with respect to a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer of such State, including a copy of the initial application and any accompanying documents.
**(d) Rulemaking** A State payment stablecoin regulator may issue orders and rules under [section 5903 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5903&num=0&edition=prelim) applicable to State qualified payment stablecoin issuers to the same extent as the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators issue orders and rules under [section 5903 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5903&num=0&edition=prelim) applicable to permitted payment stablecoin issuers that are not State qualified payment stablecoin issuers.
**(e) Enforcement authority in unusual and exigent circumstances**
(1) **Board**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (C), under unusual and exigent circumstances that the Board determines to exist, the Board may, after not less than 48 hours’ prior written notice to the applicable State payment stablecoin regulator, take an enforcement action
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-12/section-5906-state-qualified-payment-stablecoin-issuers--9b29fc6b36.md
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Source location: Title 12, Chapter 56, § 5906; chapter-056-regulation-of-payment-stablecoins.md
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**(a) In general** A State payment stablecoin regulator shall have supervisory, examination, and enforcement authority over all State qualified payment stablecoin issuers of such State.
**(b) Authority to enter into agreements with the Board** A State payment stablecoin regulator may enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Board, by mutual agreement, under which the Board may participate in the supervision, examination, and enforcement of this chapter with respect to the State qualified payment stablecoin issuers of such State.
**(c) Sharing of information** A State payment stablecoin regulator and the Board shall share information on an ongoing basis with respect to a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer of such State, including a copy of the initial application and any accompanying documents.
**(d) Rulemaking** A State payment stablecoin regulator may issue orders and rules under [section 5903 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5903&num=0&edition=prelim) applicable to State qualified payment stablecoin issuers to the same extent as the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators issue orders and rules under [section 5903 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5903&num=0&edition=prelim) applicable to permitted payment stablecoin issuers that are not State qualified payment stablecoin issuers.
**(e) Enforcement authority in unusual and exigent circumstances**
(1) **Board**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (C), under unusual and exigent circumstances that the Board determines to exist, the Board may, after not less than 48 hours’ prior written notice to the applicable State payment stablecoin regulator, take an enforcement action against a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer or an institution-affiliated party of such issuer for violations of this chapter during such unusual and exigent circumstances.
(B) *Rulemaking* — Consistent with [section 5913 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5913&num=0&edition=prelim), the Board shall issue rules to set forth the unusual and exigent circumstances in which the Board may act under this paragraph.
(C) *Limitations* — If, after unusual and exigent circumstances are determined to exist pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Board determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that the continuation by a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer of any activity constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness, or stability of the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, the Board may impose such restrictions as the Board determines to be necessary to address such risk during such unusual and exigent circumstances, which may include limitations on redemptions of payment stablecoins, and which shall be issued in the form of a directive, with the effect of a cease and desist order that has become final, to the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer and any of its affiliates, limiting—
(i) transactions between the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, a holding company, and the subsidiaries or affiliates of either the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer or the holding company; and
(ii) any activities of the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer that might create a serious risk that the liabilities of a holding company and the affiliates of the holding company may be imposed on the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer.
(D) *Review of directive*
(i) *Administrative review*
(I) *In general* — After a directive described in subparagraph (C) is issued, the applicable State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, or any institution-affiliated party of the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer subject to the directive, may object and present to the Board, in writing, the reasons why the directive should be modified or rescinded.
(II) *Automatic lapse of directive* — If, after 10 days after the receipt of a response described in subclause (I), the Board does not affirm, modify, or rescind the directive, the directive shall automatically lapse.
(ii) *Judicial review*
(I) *In general* — If the Board affirms or modifies a directive pursuant to clause (i), any affected party may immediately thereafter petition the United States district court for the district in which the main office of the affected party is located, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, to stay, modify, terminate, or set aside the directive.
(II) *Relief for extraordinary cause* — Upon a showing of extraordinary cause, an affected party may petition for relief under subclause (I) without first pursuing or exhausting the administrative remedies under clause (i).
(2) **Comptroller**
(A) *In general* — Subject to subparagraph (C), under unusual and exigent circumstances determined to exist by the Comptroller, the Comptroller shall, after not less than 48 hours’ prior written notice to the applicable State payment stablecoin regulator, take an enforcement action against a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer that is a nonbank entity for violations of this chapter.
(B) *Rulemaking* — Consistent with [section 5913 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5913&num=0&edition=prelim), the Comptroller shall issue rules to set forth the unusual and exigent circumstances in which the Comptroller may act under this paragraph.
(C) *Limitations* — If, after unusual and exigent circumstances are determined to exist under subparagraph (A), the Comptroller determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that the continuation of any activity by a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer that is a nonbank entity constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness, or stability of the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer that is a nonbank entity, the Comptroller shall impose such restrictions as the Comptroller determines to be necessary to address such risk during such unusual and exigent circumstances, which may include limitations on redemption of payment stablecoins, and which shall be issued in the form of a directive, with the effect of a cease and desist order that has become final, to the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer that is a nonbank entity and any of its affiliates, limiting—
(i) transactions between the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, a holding company, and the subsidiaries or affiliates of either the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer or the holding company; and
(ii) any activities of the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer that might create a serious risk that the liabilities of a holding company and the affiliates of the holding company may be imposed on the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer.
(D) *Review of directive*
(i) *Administrative review*
(I) *In general* — After a directive described in subparagraph (C) is issued, the applicable Federal qualified payment stablecoin issuer, or any institution-affiliated party of the Federal qualified payment stablecoin issuer subject to the directive, may object and present to the Comptroller, in writing, the reasons that the directive should be modified or rescinded.
(II) *Automatic lapse of directive* — If, after 10 days after the receipt of a response described in subclause (I), the Comptroller does not affirm, modify, or rescind the directive, the directive shall automatically lapse.
(ii) *Judicial review*
(I) *In general* — If the Comptroller affirms or modifies a directive pursuant to clause (i), any affected party may immediately thereafter petition the United States district court for the district in which the main office of the affected party is located, or in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, to stay, modify, terminate, or set aside the directive.
(II) *Relief for extraordinary cause* — Upon a showing of extraordinary cause, an affected party may petition for relief under subclause (I) without first pursuing or exhausting the administrative remedies under clause (i).
**(f) Effect on State law**
(1) **Host State law** — Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the laws of a host State, including laws relating to consumer protection, shall only apply to the activities conducted in the host State by an out-of-State State qualified payment stablecoin issuer to the same extent as such laws apply to the activities conducted in the host State by an out-of-State Federal qualified payment stablecoin issuer.
(2) **Home State law** — If any host State law is determined not to apply under paragraph (1), the laws of the home State of the State qualified payment stablecoin issuer shall govern the activities of the permitted payment stablecoin issuer conducted in the host State.
(3) **Applicability**
(A) *In general* — This subsection shall only apply to an out-of-State State qualified payment stablecoin issuer chartered, licensed, or otherwise authorized to do business by a State that has a certification in place pursuant to [section 5903(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section5903/c&num=0&edition=prelim).
(B) *Exclusion* — The laws applicable to an out-of-State qualified payment stablecoin issuer under paragraph (1) exclude host State laws governing the chartering, licensure, or other authorization to do business in the host State as a permitted payment stablecoin issuer pursuant to this chapter.
(4) **Rule of construction** — Except for State laws relating to the chartering, licensure, or other authorization to do business as a permitted payment stablecoin issuer, nothing in this chapter shall preempt State consumer protection laws, including common law, and the remedies available thereunder.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Standards for the issuance of payment stablecoins**
(1) **In general** — A permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall—
(A) maintain identifiable reserves backing the outstanding payment stablecoins of the permitted payment stablecoin issuer on an at least 1 to 1 basis, with reserves comprising—
(i) United States coins and currency (including Federal Reserve notes) or money standing to the credit of an account with a Federal Reserve Bank;
(ii) funds held as demand deposits (or other deposits that may be withdrawn upon request at any time) or insured shares at an insured depository institution (including any foreign branches or agents, including correspondent banks, of an insured depository institution), subject to limitations established by the Corporation and the National Credit Union Administration, as applicable, to address safety and soundness risks of such insured depository institution;
(iii) Treasury bills, notes, or bonds—
(I) with a remaining maturity of 93 days or less; or
(II) issued with a maturity of 93 days or less;
(iv) money received under repurchase agreements, with the permitted payment stablecoin issuer acting as a seller of securities and with an overnight maturity, that are backed by Treasury bills with a maturity of 93 days or less;
(v) reverse repurchase agreements, with the permitted payment stablecoin issuer acting as a purchaser of securities and with an overnight maturity, that are collateralized by Treasury notes, bills, or bonds on an overnight basis, subject to overcollateralization in line with standard market terms, that are—
(I) tri-party;
(II) centrally cleared through a clearing agency registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission; or
(III) bilateral with a co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 5903
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Appropriate Federal banking agency** — The term “appropriate Federal banking agency” has the meaning given that term in [section 1813 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1813&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Bank Secrecy Act** — The term “Bank Secrecy Act” means—
(A) [section 1829b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1829b&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) chapter 2 of title I of Public Law 91–508 ([12 U.S.C. 1951](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1951&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); and
(C) subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31.
(3) **Board** — The term “Board” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
(4) **Comptroller** — The term “Comptroller” means the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
(5) **Corporation** — The term “Corporation” means the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(6) **Digital asset** — The term “digital asset” means any digital representation of value that is recorded on a cryptographically secured distributed ledger.
(7) **Digital asset service provider** — The term “digital asset service provider”—
(A) means a person that, for compensation or profit, engages in the business in the United States (including on behalf of customers or users in the United States) of—
(i) exchanging digital assets for monetary value;
(ii) exchanging digital assets for other digital assets;
(iii) transferring digital assets to a third party;
(iv) acting as a digital asset custodian; or
(v) participating in financial services relating to digital asset issuance; and
(B) does not include—
(i) a distributed ledger protocol;
(ii)
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 5901
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Not later than 1 year after July 18, 2025, each primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator, the Secretary of the Treasury, and each State payment stablecoin regulator shall promulgate regulations to carry out this chapter through appropriate notice and comment rulemaking.
**(b) Coordination** Federal payment stablecoin regulators, the Secretary of the Treasury, and State payment stablecoin regulators should coordinate, as appropriate, on the issuance of any regulations to implement this chapter.
**(c) Report required** Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this chapter, each Federal banking agency shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a report that confirms and describes the regulations promulgated to carry out this chapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 5913
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.