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10 U.S.C. § 1598 — Assistance to terminated employees to obtain certification and employment as teachers or employment as teachers’ aides
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Placement Program.—** The Secretary of Defense may establish a program—
(1) to assist eligible civilian employees of the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy after the termination of their employment to obtain—
(A) certification or licensure as elementary or secondary school teachers; or
(B) the credentials necessary to serve as teachers’ aides; and
(2) to facilitate the employment of such employees by local educational agencies that—
(A) are receiving grants under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 6301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) as a result of having within their jurisdictions concentrations of children from low-income families; and
(B) are also experiencing a shortage of teachers or teachers’ aides.
**(b) Eligible Employees.—**
(1) A civilian employee of the Department of Defense or the Department of Energy shall be eligible for selection by the Secretary of Defense to participate in the placement program authorized by subsection (a) if the employee—
(A) during the five-year period beginning October 1, 1992, is terminated from such employment as a result of reductions in defense spending or the closure or realignment of a military installation, as determined by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Energy, as the case may be;
(B) has received—
(i) in the case of an employee applying for assistance for placement as an elementary or secondary school teacher, a baccalaureate or advanced degree from an accredited institution of higher education; or
(ii) in the case of an employee applying for assistance for placement as a teacher’s aide in an elementary or secondary school, an associate, ba
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Source location: Title 10, Chapter 81, § 1598; chapter-081-civilian-employees.md
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**(a) Placement Program.—** The Secretary of Defense may establish a program—
(1) to assist eligible civilian employees of the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy after the termination of their employment to obtain—
(A) certification or licensure as elementary or secondary school teachers; or
(B) the credentials necessary to serve as teachers’ aides; and
(2) to facilitate the employment of such employees by local educational agencies that—
(A) are receiving grants under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 6301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) as a result of having within their jurisdictions concentrations of children from low-income families; and
(B) are also experiencing a shortage of teachers or teachers’ aides.
**(b) Eligible Employees.—**
(1) A civilian employee of the Department of Defense or the Department of Energy shall be eligible for selection by the Secretary of Defense to participate in the placement program authorized by subsection (a) if the employee—
(A) during the five-year period beginning October 1, 1992, is terminated from such employment as a result of reductions in defense spending or the closure or realignment of a military installation, as determined by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Energy, as the case may be;
(B) has received—
(i) in the case of an employee applying for assistance for placement as an elementary or secondary school teacher, a baccalaureate or advanced degree from an accredited institution of higher education; or
(ii) in the case of an employee applying for assistance for placement as a teacher’s aide in an elementary or secondary school, an associate, baccalaureate, or advanced degree from an accredited institution of higher education or a junior or community college; and
(C) satisfies such other criteria for selection as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe.
(2) The Secretary of Defense may accept an application from a civilian employee referred to in paragraph (1) who was terminated during the period beginning on October 1, 1990, and ending on October 1, 1992, if the employee otherwise satisfies the eligibility criteria specified in that paragraph.
**(c) Selection of Participants.—**
(1) Selection of civilian employees to participate in the placement program shall be made on the basis of applications submitted to the Secretary of Defense after the employees receive a notice of termination. An application shall be filed within such time, in such form, and contain such information as the Secretary of Defense may require.
(2) In selecting participants to receive assistance for placement as elementary or secondary school teachers, the Secretary of Defense shall give priority to civilian employees who—
(A) have educational, military, or employment experience in science, mathematics, or engineering and agree to seek employment as science, mathematics, or engineering teachers in elementary or secondary schools; or
(B) have educational, military, or employment experience in another subject area identified by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Education, as important for national educational objectives and agree to seek employment in that subject area in elementary or secondary schools.
(3) The Secretary of Defense may not select a civilian employee to participate in the program unless the Secretary has sufficient appropriations for the placement program available at the time of the selection to satisfy the obligations to be incurred by the United States under the program with respect to that member.
**(d) Agreement.—** A civilian employee selected to participate in the placement program shall be required to enter into an agreement with the Secretary of Defense in which the employee agrees—
(1) to obtain, within such time as the Secretary may require, certification or licensure as an elementary or secondary school teacher or the necessary credentials to serve as a teacher’s aide in an elementary or secondary school; and
(2) to accept—
(A) in the case of an employee selected for assistance for placement as a teacher, an offer of full-time employment as an elementary or secondary school teacher for not less than two school years with a local educational agency identified under section 1151(b)(2) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, as in effect on October 4, 1999, to begin the school year after obtaining that certification or licensure; or
(B) in the case of an employee selected for assistance for placement as a teacher’s aide, an offer of full-time employment as a teacher’s aide in an elementary or secondary school for not less than two school years with a local educational agency identified under section 1151(b)(3) 1 of this title, as in effect on October 4, 1999, to begin the school year after obtaining the necessary credentials.
**(e) Stipend for Participants.—**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Secretary of Defense shall pay to each participant in the placement program a stipend in an amount equal to the lesser of—
(A) $5,000; or
(B) the total costs of the type described in paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (8), and (9) 1 of section 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 1087](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1087&num=0&edition=prelim)ll) incurred by the participant while obtaining teacher certification or licensure or the necessary credentials to serve as a teacher’s aide and employment as an elementary or secondary school teacher or teacher aide.
(2) A civilian employee selected to participate in the placement program who receives separation pay under [section 5597 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5597&num=0&edition=prelim) shall not be paid a stipend under paragraph (1).
(3) A stipend paid under paragraph (1) shall be taken into account in determining the eligibility of the participant for Federal student financial assistance provided under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 1070](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1070&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(f) Placement of Participants as Teachers and Teachers’ Aides.—** Subsections (h) through (k) of section 1151 1 of this title, as in effect on October 4, 1999, shall apply with respect to the placement program authorized by this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Repayment in full for death and disability**
(1) **In general** — If a student borrower who has received a loan described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of [section 1078(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1078/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim) dies or becomes permanently and totally disabled (as determined in accordance with regulations of the Secretary), or if a student borrower who has received such a loan is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death, has lasted for a continuous period of not less than 60 months, or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 60 months then the Secretary shall discharge the borrower’s liability on the loan by repaying the amount owed on the loan. The Secretary may develop such safeguards as the Secretary determines necessary to prevent fraud and abuse in the discharge of liability under this subsection. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, the Secretary may promulgate regulations to reinstate the obligation of, and resume collection on, loans discharged under this subsection in any case in which—
(A) a borrower received a discharge of liability under this subsection and after the discharge the borrower—
(i) receives a loan made, insured, or guaranteed under this subchapter; or
(ii) has earned income in excess of the poverty line; or
(B) the Secretary determines the reinstatement and resumption to be necessary.
(2) **Disability determinations** — A borrower who has been determined by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to be unemployable due to a service-connected condition and who provides documentation of
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Assistance Program.—** The Secretary of Defense may enter into a cooperative agreement with a defense contractor in order—
(1) to assist an eligible scientist or engineer employed by the contractor whose employment is terminated to obtain—
(A) certification or licensure as an elementary or secondary school teacher; or
(B) the credentials necessary to serve as a teacher’s aide; and
(2) to facilitate the employment of the scientist or engineer by a local educational agency that—
(A) is receiving a grant under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ([20 U.S.C. 6301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6301&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) as a result of having within its jurisdiction concentrations of children from low-income families; and
(B) is also experiencing a shortage of teachers or teachers’ aides.
**(b) Eligible Defense Contractors.—**
(1) The Secretary of Defense shall establish an application and selection process for the participation of defense contractors in a cooperative agreement authorized under subsection (a).
(2) The Secretary shall determine which defense contractors are eligible to participate in the placement program on the basis of applications submitted under subsection (c). The Secretary shall limit participation to those defense contractors or subcontractors that—
(A) produce goods or services for the Department of Defense pursuant to a defense contract or operate nuclear weapons manufacturing facilities for the Department of Energy; and
(B) have recently reduced operations, or are likely to reduce operations, due to the completion or termination of a defense contract or program or by reductions in defense spending.
(3) The Secretary shall give special consi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 4703
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Agreements** In any case in which a negotiated rulemaking process is established under [section 6571(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6571/b&num=0&edition=prelim), all published proposed regulations shall conform to agreements that result from the rulemaking described in [section 6571 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section6571&num=0&edition=prelim) unless the Secretary reopens the negotiated rulemaking process.
**(b) Records** The Secretary shall ensure that an accurate and reliable record of agreements reached during the negotiations process is maintained.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section—
(1) the term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Defense;
(2) the term “defense agency” means an agency of the Department of Defense, as further defined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary; and
(3) the term “employee” means an employee of a defense agency, serving under an appointment without time limitation, who has been currently employed for a continuous period of at least 12 months, except that such term does not include—
(A) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83, chapter 84, or another retirement system for employees of the Government; or
(B) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under any of the retirement systems referred to in subparagraph (A).
**(b)** In order to avoid or minimize the need for involuntary separations due to a reduction in force, base closure, reorganization, transfer of function, workforce restructuring (to meet mission needs, achieve one or more strength reductions, correct skill imbalances, or reduce the number of high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions), or other similar action affecting 1 or more defense agencies, the Secretary shall establish a program under which separation pay may be offered to encourage eligible employees to separate from service voluntarily (whether by retirement or resignation).
**(c)** Under the program, separation pay may be offered by a defense agency only—
(1) with the prior consent, or on the authority, of the Secretary; and
(2) to employees within such occupational groups or geographic locations, or subject to such other similar objective and nonpersonal limitations or conditions, as the Secretary may require.
A determination of which employee
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 89–329, title IV, § 420R, as added Pub. L. 111–39, title IV, § 401(a)(9), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1939, related to grants for veteran’s dependents, known as Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grants.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective as if included in title VII of div. FF of Pub. L. 116–260 and subject to the effective date of section 701(b) of title VII (July 1, 2024), see section 103(d) of div. R of Pub. L. 117–103, set out as an Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note under [section 1070a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1070a&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority.—** A member of the armed forces who is provided an assistive technology or assistive technology device for a severe or debilitating illness or injury incurred or aggravated by such member while on active duty may, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, be authorized to retain such assistive technology or assistive technology device upon the separation of the member from active service.
**(b) Definitions.—** In this section, the terms “assistive technology” and “assistive technology device” have the meaning given those terms in section 3 of the Assistive Technology Act of 1998 ([29 U.S.C. 3002](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section3002&num=0&edition=prelim)).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1525
TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES
§ 1598
1 See References in Text note below.
INVOLUNTARY REDUCTIONS OF CIVILIAN PERSONNEL IN
FISCAL YEAR 1991
Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title III, § 322(b), Nov. 5, 1990,
104 Stat. 1529, provided that after Nov. 5, 1990, an agen-
cy or component of the Department of Defense could
not implement any involuntary reductions or furloughs
of civilian personnel in industrial-type or commercial-
type activities in fiscal year 1991 until 45 days after the
date on which the agency or component submitted a re-
port to Congress outlining the reasons why such reduc-
tions or furloughs were required.
§ 1598. Assistance to terminated employees to ob-
tain certification and employment as teach-
ers or employment as teachers’ aides
(a) PLACEMENT PROGRAM.—The Secretary of
Defense may establish a program—
(1) to assist eligible civilian employees of
the Department of Defense and the Depart-
ment of Energy after the termination of their
employment to obtain—
(A) certification or licensure as elemen-
tary or secondary school teachers; or
(B) the credentials necessary to serve as
teachers’ aides; and
(2) to facilitate the employment of such em-
ployees by local educational agencies that—
(A) are receiving grants under title I of the
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) as a result of hav-
ing within their jurisdictions concentrations
of children from low-income families; and
(B) are also experiencing a shortage of
teachers or teachers’ aides.
(b) ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEES.—(1) A civilian em-
ployee of the Department of Defense or the De-
partment of Energy shall be eligible for selec-
tion by the Secretary of Defense to participate
in the placement program authorized by sub-
section (a) if the employee—
(A) during t
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 10 U.S.C. § 1598
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 326
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 1070
Pub. L. 105–244, title III, § 301(a)(2), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat.
1636, and transferred to this section.
AMENDMENTS
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–315 amended subsec. (a)
generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) related to
authorizations for parts A to E for fiscal year 1999 and
each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years.
1998—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(1)(A),
substituted ‘‘1999’’ for ‘‘1993’’.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(1)(B), redes-
ignated cl. (i) as entire subpar., substituted ‘‘$10,000,000
for fiscal year 1999’’ for ‘‘$45,000,000 for fiscal year 1993’’,
and struck out cl. (ii) which read as follows: ‘‘No funds
are authorized to be appropriated pursuant to clause (i)
for any fiscal year unless the amount appropriated pur-
suant to paragraph (1)(A) for such fiscal year equals or
exceeds $80,000,000.’’
Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(1)(C), added
subpar. (C).
Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(2)(A), sub-
stituted ‘‘1999’’ for ‘‘1993’’.
Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(2)(B), sub-
stituted ‘‘$35,000,000 for fiscal year 1999’’ for ‘‘$20,000,000
for fiscal year 1993’’.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(3), substituted
‘‘$10,000,000 for fiscal year 1999’’ for ‘‘$50,000,000 for fiscal
year 1993’’.
Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(4), added
pars. (4) and (5).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–244, § 308(h)(5), struck out
heading and text of subsec. (c). Text read as follows: ‘‘If
the amount appropriated under subsection (a)(1) of this
section for part A of this subchapter for any fiscal year
beginning after September 30, 1986, equals or exceeds
the amount appropriated for such part for fiscal year
1986, the Secretary shall, for suc
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 20 U.S.C. § 1070
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 509
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 1087
1 See References in Text note below.
tion 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section
1001 of this title.
§ 1087. Repayment by Secretary of loans of bank-
rupt, deceased, or disabled borrowers; treat-
ment of borrowers attending schools that fail
to provide a refund, attending closed schools,
or falsely certified as eligible to borrow
(a) Repayment in full for death and disability
(1) In general
If a student borrower who has received a
loan described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of
section 1078(a)(1) of this title dies or becomes
permanently and totally disabled (as deter-
mined in accordance with regulations of the
Secretary), or if a student borrower who has
received such a loan is unable to engage in any
substantial gainful activity by reason of any
medically determinable physical or mental
impairment that can be expected to result in
death, has lasted for a continuous period of
not less than 60 months, or can be expected to
last for a continuous period of not less than 60
months then the Secretary shall discharge the
borrower’s liability on the loan by repaying
the amount owed on the loan. The Secretary
may develop such safeguards as the Secretary
determines necessary to prevent fraud and
abuse in the discharge of liability under this
subsection. Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of this subsection, the Secretary may pro-
mulgate regulations to reinstate the obliga-
tion of, and resume collection on, loans dis-
charged under this subsection in any case in
which—
(A) a borrower received a discharge of li-
ability under this subsection and after the
discharge the borrower—
(i) receives a loan made, insured, or
guaranteed under this subchapter; or
(ii) has earned income in excess of the
pover
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 20 U.S.C. § 1087
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