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19 U.S.C. § 2803 — Designation of major wine trading countries
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Trade Representative shall designate as a major wine trading country each foreign country, or group of foreign countries represented as an economic union, that, in the judgment of the Trade Representative—
(1) is a potential significant market for United States wine; and
(2) maintains tariff barriers or nontariff barriers to (or other distortions of) trade in United States wine.
**(b)** In deciding, for purposes of subsection (a)(2), whether a foreign country or group of countries maintains nontariff barriers to (or other distortions of) trade in United States wine, the Trade Representative shall take into account—
(1) the review and report required under section 854(a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 ([19 U.S.C. 2135](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2135&num=0&edition=prelim) note);
(2) such relevant actions that may have been taken by that country or group since that review was conducted; and
(3) such information as may be submitted under [section 2805 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2805&num=0&edition=prelim) by representatives of the wine and grape products industries in the United States, as well as other sources.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2803
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_612f146458b2b1b6acab9b5b
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-2803-designation-of-major-wine-trading-countries--c82c6ca593.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 16, § 2803; chapter-016-wine-trade.md
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**(a)** The Trade Representative shall designate as a major wine trading country each foreign country, or group of foreign countries represented as an economic union, that, in the judgment of the Trade Representative—
(1) is a potential significant market for United States wine; and
(2) maintains tariff barriers or nontariff barriers to (or other distortions of) trade in United States wine.
**(b)** In deciding, for purposes of subsection (a)(2), whether a foreign country or group of countries maintains nontariff barriers to (or other distortions of) trade in United States wine, the Trade Representative shall take into account—
(1) the review and report required under section 854(a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 ([19 U.S.C. 2135](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2135&num=0&edition=prelim) note);
(2) such relevant actions that may have been taken by that country or group since that review was conducted; and
(3) such information as may be submitted under [section 2805 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2805&num=0&edition=prelim) by representatives of the wine and grape products industries in the United States, as well as other sources.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) New concessions** Whenever—
(1) any action taken under part 1 of subchapter II or subchapter III, or under part 2 of subchapter IV of this chapter; or
(2) any judicial or administrative tariff reclassification that becomes final after August 23, 1988;
increases or imposes any duty or other import restriction, the President—
(A) may enter into trade agreements with foreign countries or instrumentalities for the purpose of granting new concessions as compensation in order to maintain the general level of reciprocal and mutually advantageous concessions; and
(B) may proclaim such modification or continuance of any existing duty, or such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, as he determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such agreement.
**(b) Reductions in rates of duty**
(1) No proclamation shall be made pursuant to subsection (a) decreasing any rate of duty to a rate which is less than 70 percent of the existing rate of duty.
(2) Where the rate of duty in effect at any time is an intermediate stage under [section 2902(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2902/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the proclamation made pursuant to subsection (a) may provide for the reduction of each rate of duty at each such stage proclaimed under such [section 2902(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2902/a&num=0&edition=prelim) by not more than 30 percent of such rate of duty, and may provide for a final rate of duty which is not less than 70 percent of the rate of duty proclaimed as the final stage under such [section 2902(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2902/a&num=0&edition=prel
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2135
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Trade Representative shall consult with the Committees and with representatives of the wine and grape products industries in the United States—
(1) before identifying tariff barriers and nontariff barriers to (or other distortions of) trade in United States wine and designating major wine trading countries under [section 2803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2803&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) in developing the reports required under [section 2804(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2804/b&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(3) for purposes of determining whether action by the President is appropriate under any provision of the Trade Act of 1974 [[19 U.S.C. 2101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] with respect to any act, policy, or practice referred to in [section 2804(b)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2804/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2805
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter—
(1) The term “Committees” means the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate.
(2) The term “grape product” means grapes and any product (other than wine) made from grapes, including, but not limited to, raisins and grape juice, whether or not concentrated.
(3) The term “major wine trading country” means any foreign country, or group of foreign countries, designated as such under [section 2803 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2803&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) The phrase “nontariff barrier to (or other distortion of)”, in the context of trade in United States wine, includes any measure implemented by the government of a major wine trading country that either gives a competitive advantage to the wine industry of that country or restricts the importation of United States wine into that country.
(5) The term “Trade Representative” means the United States Trade Representative.
(6) The term “United States wine” means wine produced within the customs territory of the United States.
(7) The term “wine” means any fermented alcoholic beverage that—
(A) is made from grapes or other fruit;
(B) contains not less than 0.5 percent alcohol by volume and not more than 24 percent alcohol by volume, including all dilutions and mixtures thereof by whatever process produced; and
(C) is for nonindustrial use.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2802
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 518
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 2134
investigations initiated under part 1 (§ 2251 et seq.) of
subchapter III of this chapter on or after that date, see
section 1401(c) of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as a note under
section 2251 of this title.
§ 2134. Two-year residual authority to negotiate
duties
(a) Trade agreements
Whenever the President determines that any
existing duties or other import restrictions of
any foreign country or the United States are un-
duly burdening and restricting the foreign trade
of the United States and that the purposes of
this chapter will be promoted thereby, the
President—
(1) may enter into trade agreements with
foreign countries or instrumentalities thereof,
and
(2) may proclaim such modification or con-
tinuance of any existing duty, such continu-
ance of existing duty-free or excise treatment,
or such additional duties, as he determines to
be required or appropriate to carry out any
such trade agreement.
(b) Maximum volume of imported articles subject
to reduction of duties or continuance of
duty-free or excise treatment
Agreements entered into under this section in
any 1-year period shall not provide for the re-
duction of duties, or the continuance of duty-
free or excise treatment, for articles which ac-
count for more than 2 percent of the value of
United States imports for the most recent 12-
month period for which import statistics are
available.
(c) Maximum reduction in duties
(1) No proclamation shall be made pursuant to
subsection (a) decreasing any rate of duty to a
rate which is less than 80 percent of the existing
rate of duty.
(2) No proclamation shall be made pursuant to
subsection (a) decreasing or increasing any rate
of duty to a rate which is lower or higher than
the corresponding rate
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 19 U.S.C. § 2135
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 19 U.S.C. § 2135. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 809
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 2804
1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
2 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘therefor;’’.
United States wine, includes any measure im-
plemented by the government of a major wine
trading country that either gives a competi-
tive advantage to the wine industry of that
country or restricts the importation of United
States wine into that country.
(5) The term ‘‘Trade Representative’’ means
the United States Trade Representative.
(6) The term ‘‘United States wine’’ means
wine produced within the customs territory of
the United States.
(7) The term ‘‘wine’’ means any fermented
alcoholic beverage that—
(A) is made from grapes or other fruit;
(B) contains not less than 0.5 percent alco-
hol by volume and not more than 24 percent
alcohol by volume, including all dilutions
and mixtures thereof by whatever process
produced; and
(C) is for nonindustrial use.
(Pub. L. 98–573, title IX, § 903, Oct. 30, 1984, 98
Stat. 3048.)
§ 2803. Designation of major wine trading coun-
tries
(a) The Trade Representative shall designate
as a major wine trading country each foreign
country, or group of foreign countries rep-
resented as an economic union, that, in the
judgment of the Trade Representative—
(1) is a potential significant market for
United States wine; and
(2) maintains tariff barriers or nontariff bar-
riers to (or other distortions of) trade in
United States wine.
(b) In deciding, for purposes of subsection
(a)(2), whether a foreign country or group of
countries maintains nontariff barriers to (or
other distortions of) trade in United States
wine, the Trade Representative shall take into
account—
(1) the review and report required under sec-
tion 854(a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979
(19 U.S.C.
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 19 U.S.C. § 2803
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.