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18 U.S.C. § 2156 — Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of the United States, willfully makes, constructs, or attempts to make or construct in a defective manner, any national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
**(b)** If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section.
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 105, § 2156; chapter-105-sabotage.md
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**(a)** Whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of the United States, willfully makes, constructs, or attempts to make or construct in a defective manner, any national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
**(b)** If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever commits an offense against the United States or aids, abets, counsels, commands, induces or procures its commission, is punishable as a principal.
**(b)** Whoever willfully causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or another would be an offense against the United States, is punishable as a principal.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 101, acts Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 1, 40 Stat. 533; Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220; Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 824, 56 Stat. 1087; 1946 Proc. No. 2695, eff. July 4, 1946, 11 F.R. 7517, 60 Stat. 1352, related to definition of war terms. See [section 2151 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 102, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 2, 40 Stat. 534, related to destruction or injury of war material in time of war. See [section 2153 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2153&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 103, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 3, 40 Stat. 534, related to making or causing to be made defective war material. See [section 2154 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2154&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 104, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 4, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220; amended Aug. 21, 1941, ch. 388, 55 Stat. 655, related to definition of national-defense terms. See [section 2151 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 105, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 5, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220, related to destruction or injury of national-defense materials. See [section 2155 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2155&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 106, act Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 6, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1220, related to making or causing to be made defective national-defense material. See [section 2156 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xh
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 506
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 2155
the President or by the Congress, with intent to
injure, interfere with, or obstruct the United
States or any associate nation in preparing for
or carrying on the war or defense activities, or,
with reason to believe that his act may injure,
interfere with, or obstruct the United States or
any associate nation in preparing for or car-
rying on the war or defense activities, willfully
makes, constructs, or causes to be made or con-
structed in a defective manner, or attempts to
make, construct, or cause to be made or con-
structed in a defective manner any war mate-
rial, war premises or war utilities, or any tool,
implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used
or employed in making, producing, manufac-
turing, or repairing any such war material, war
premises or war utilities, shall be fined under
this title or imprisoned not more than thirty
years, or both.
(b) If two or more persons conspire to violate
this section, and one or more of such persons do
any act to effect the object of the conspiracy,
each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be
punished as provided in subsection (a) of this
section.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 799; June 30, 1953,
ch. 175, § 2, 67 Stat. 133; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1261,
title I, § 103, 68 Stat. 1218; Pub. L. 103–322, title
XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat.
2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on section 103 of title 50, U.S.C., 1940 ed., War
and National Defense (Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 3, 40 Stat.
534).
The conspiracy provisions are new. Their addition to
the section was strongly urged by the Criminal Divi-
sion of the Department of Justice, considering the
gravity of the substantive offense as evidenced by the
prescribed pu
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