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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1331
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_514fd25ad60e4d5b5bef9da2
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-1331-federal-question--b3a11e8ddb.md
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Passage SHA-256: 0852474ae71517ea496984e9e92fa2ec9f7ad3cadfc3d54b4d4b00e4b508460a
Source location: Title 28, Chapter 85, § 1331; chapter-085-district-courts-jurisdiction.md
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The thirteen judicial circuits of the United States are constituted as follows: CircuitsComposition District of ColumbiaDistrict of Columbia. FirstMaine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island. SecondConnecticut, New York, Vermont. ThirdDelaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virgin Islands. FourthMaryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. FifthDistrict of the Canal Zone, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas. SixthKentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee. SeventhIllinois, Indiana, Wisconsin. EighthArkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. NinthAlaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii. TenthColorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, Wyoming. EleventhAlabama, Florida, Georgia. FederalAll Federal judicial districts.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 41
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Persons injured; costs; amount in controversy** Any person who shall sustain injury by reason of any knowing (including willful) violation of a consumer product safety rule, or any other rule or order issued by the Commission may sue any person who knowingly (including willfully) violated any such rule or order in any district court of the United States in the district in which the defendant resides or is found or has an agent, shall recover damages sustained and may, if the court determines it to be in the interest of justice, recover the costs of suit, including reasonable attorneys’ fees (determined in accordance with [section 2060(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section2060/f&num=0&edition=prelim)) and reasonable expert witnesses’ fees: Provided, That the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $10,000, exclusive of interest and cost, unless such action is brought against the United States, any agency thereof, or any officer or employee thereof in his official capacity. **(b) Denial and imposition of costs** Except when express provision is made in a statute of the United States, in any case in which the plaintiff is finally adjudged to be entitled to recover less than the sum or value of $10,000, computed without regard to any setoff or counterclaim to which the defendant may be adjudged to be entitled, and exclusive of interests and costs, the district court may deny costs to the plaintiff and, in addition, may impose costs on the plaintiff. **(c) Remedies available** The remedies provided for in this section shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any other remedies provided by common law or under Federal or State law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 2072
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom shall constitute a quorum.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between— (1) citizens of different States; (2) citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state, except that the district courts shall not have original jurisdiction under this subsection of an action between citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state who are lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States and are domiciled in the same State; (3) citizens of different States and in which citizens or subjects of a foreign state are additional parties; and (4) a foreign state, defined in [section 1603(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1603/a&num=0&edition=prelim), as plaintiff and citizens of a State or of different States. **(b)** Except when express provision therefor is otherwise made in a statute of the United States, where the plaintiff who files the case originally in the Federal courts is finally adjudged to be entitled to recover less than the sum or value of $75,000, computed without regard to any setoff or counterclaim to which the defendant may be adjudged to be entitled, and exclusive of interest and costs, the district court may deny costs to the plaintiff and, in addition, may impose costs on the plaintiff. **(c)** For the purposes of this section and [section 1441 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1441&num=0&edition=prelim)— (1) a corporation shall be deemed to be a citizen of every State and foreign state by which it has been incorporated and of the State or foreign state where it has its principa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1332
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) “Substantial product hazard” defined** For purposes of this section, the term “substantial product hazard” means— (1) a failure to comply with an applicable consumer product safety rule under this chapter or a similar rule, regulation, standard, or ban under any other Act enforced by the Commission which creates a substantial risk of injury to the public, or (2) a product defect which (because of the pattern of defect, the number of defective products distributed in commerce, the severity of the risk, or otherwise) creates a substantial risk of injury to the public. **(b) Noncompliance with applicable consumer product safety rules; product defects; notice to Commission by manufacturer, distributor, or retailer** Every manufacturer of a consumer product, or other product or substance over which the Commission has jurisdiction under any other Act enforced by the Commission (other than motor vehicle equipment as defined in [section 30102(a)(7) of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section30102/a/7&num=0&edition=prelim) 11 See References in Text note below.), distributed in commerce, and every distributor and retailer of such product, who obtains information which reasonably supports the conclusion that such product— (1) fails to comply with an applicable consumer product safety rule or with a voluntary consumer product safety standard upon which the Commission has relied under [section 2058 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section2058&num=0&edition=prelim); (2) fails to comply with any other rule, regulation, standard, or ban under this chapter or any other Act enforced by the Commission; (3) contains a defect which could create a substantial product hazard described
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 2064
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Civil remedy** (1) **Liability for trafficking** (A) Except as otherwise provided in this section, any person that, after the end of the 3-month period beginning on the effective date of this subchapter, traffics in property which was confiscated by the Cuban Government on or after January 1, 1959, shall be liable to any United States national who owns the claim to such property for money damages in an amount equal to the sum of— (i) the amount which is the greater of— (I) the amount, if any, certified to the claimant by the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission under the International Claims Settlement Act of 1949 [[22 U.S.C. 1621](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1621&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], plus interest; (II) the amount determined under [section 6083(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6083/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim), plus interest; or (III) the fair market value of that property, calculated as being either the current value of the property, or the value of the property when confiscated plus interest, whichever is greater; and (ii) court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees. (B) Interest under subparagraph (A)(i) shall be at the rate set forth in [section 1961 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1961&num=0&edition=prelim), computed by the court from the date of confiscation of the property involved to the date on which the action is brought under this subsection. (2) **Presumption in favor of the certified claims** — There shall be a presumption that the amount for which a person is liable under clause (i) of paragraph (1)(A) is the amount that is certified as d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6091
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorized purposes; term; approval by Secretary** Any restricted Indian lands, whether tribally, or individually owned, may be leased by the Indian owners, with the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, for public, religious, educational, recreational, residential, or business purposes, including the development or utilization of natural resources in connection with operations under such leases, for grazing purposes, and for those farming purposes which require the making of a substantial investment in the improvement of the land for the production of specialized crops as determined by said Secretary. All leases so granted shall be for a term of not to exceed twenty-five years, except leases of land located outside the boundaries of Indian reservations in the State of New Mexico, leases of land on the Agua Caliente (Palm Springs) Reservation, the Dania Reservation, the Pueblo of Santa Ana (with the exception of the lands known as the “Santa Ana Pueblo Spanish Grant”), the reservation of the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, the Moapa Indian Reservation, the Swinomish Indian Reservation, the Southern Ute Reservation, the Fort Mojave Reservation, the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, the Burns Paiute Reservation, the Coeur d’Alene Indian Reservation, the Kalispel Indian Reservation and land held in trust for the Kalispel Tribe of Indians, the Puyallup Tribe of Indians, the pueblo of Cochiti, Ohkay Owingeh pueblo, the pueblo of Pojoaque, the pueblo of Santa Clara, the pueblo of Tesuque, the pueblo of Zuni, the Hualapai Reservation, the Spokane Reservation, the San Carlos Apache Reservation, the Yavapai-Prescott Community Reservation, the Pyramid Lake Reservation, the Gila River Reservation, the Soboba Indian Re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 25 U.S.C. § 415
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Covenant not to cause waste, etc.** Every lease entered into under [section 416 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section416&num=0&edition=prelim) shall contain a covenant on the part of the lessee that he will not commit or permit on the leased land any act which causes waste or a nuisance or which creates a hazard to health of persons or to property, wherever such persons or property may be. **(b) Judicial enforcement** The State of Arizona, or any political subdivision thereof contiguous with the San Xavier or Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Reservation, may bring suit, without regard to the amount in controversy, in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona to abate or enjoin any violation of the covenant required under subsection (a): Provided, That if, by reason of the citizenship of the parties and the law applicable to the cause of action, the District Court finds it lacks jurisdiction to hear and determine such suit, it may be brought in any court of competent jurisdiction of the State of Arizona. **(c) Binding arbitration of disputes** Any contract, including a lease, affecting land within the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Reservation may contain a provision for the binding arbitration of disputes arising out of such contract. Such contracts shall be considered within the meaning of “commerce” as defined and subject to the provisions of [section 1 of title 9](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title9-section1&num=0&edition=prelim). Any refusal to submit to arbitration pursuant to a binding agreement for arbitration or the exercise of any right conferred by title 9 to abide by the outcome of arbitration pursuant to the provisions of chapter 1 of title 9, sec
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 25 U.S.C. § 416a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Generally.—** Except as otherwise expressly provided by Act of Congress, any civil action brought in a State court of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, may be removed by the defendant or the defendants, to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where such action is pending. **(b) Removal Based on Diversity of Citizenship.—** (1) In determining whether a civil action is removable on the basis of the jurisdiction under [section 1332(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1332/a&num=0&edition=prelim), the citizenship of defendants sued under fictitious names shall be disregarded. (2) A civil action otherwise removable solely on the basis of the jurisdiction under [section 1332(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1332/a&num=0&edition=prelim) may not be removed if any of the parties in interest properly joined and served as defendants is a citizen of the State in which such action is brought. **(c) Joinder of Federal Law Claims and State Law Claims.—** (1) If a civil action includes— (A) a claim arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States (within the meaning of [section 1331 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1331&num=0&edition=prelim)), and (B) a claim not within the original or supplemental jurisdiction of the district court or a claim that has been made nonremovable by statute, the entire action may be removed if the action would be removable without the inclusion of the claim described in subparagraph (B). (2) Upon removal of an action described in paragraph (1), the d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1441
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A civil action in any State court against a railroad or its receivers or trustees, arising under sections 1–4 and 5–10 of the Act of April 22, 1908 ([45 U.S.C. 51–54](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section51–54&num=0&edition=prelim), 55–60), may not be removed to any district court of the United States. **(b)** A civil action in any State court against a carrier or its receivers or trustees to recover damages for delay, loss, or injury of shipments, arising under section 11706 or 14706 of title 49, may not be removed to any district court of the United States unless the matter in controversy exceeds $10,000, exclusive of interest and costs. **(c)** A civil action in any State court arising under the workmen’s compensation laws of such State may not be removed to any district court of the United States. **(d)** A civil action in any State court arising under section 40302 of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 may not be removed to any district court of the United States.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1445
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