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52 U.S.C. § 20510 — Civil enforcement and private right of action

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

52 U.S.C. § 20510 — Civil enforcement and private right of action

**(a) Attorney General** The Attorney General may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for such declaratory or injunctive relief as is necessary to carry out this chapter. **(b) Private right of action** (1) A person who is aggrieved by a violation of this chapter may provide written notice of the violation to the chief election official of the State involved. (2) If the violation is not corrected within 90 days after receipt of a notice under paragraph (1), or within 20 days after receipt of the notice if the violation occurred within 120 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person may bring a civil action in an appropriate district court for declaratory or injunctive relief with respect to the violation. (3) If the violation occurred within 30 days before the date of an election for Federal office, the aggrieved person need not provide notice to the chief election official of the State under paragraph (1) before bringing a civil action under paragraph (2). **(c) Attorney’s fees** In a civil action under this section, the court may allow the prevailing party (other than the United States) reasonable attorney fees, including litigation expenses, and costs. **(d) Relation to other laws** (1) The rights and remedies established by this section are in addition to all other rights and remedies provided by law, and neither the rights and remedies established by this section nor any other provision of this chapter shall supersede, restrict, or limit the application of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ([42 U.S.C. 1973](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1973&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) [now [52 U.S.C. 10301](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-sect

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-52/section-20510-civil-enforcement-and-private-right-of-action--ef61df7244.md
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Source location: Title 52, Chapter 205, § 20510; chapter-205-national-voter-registration.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 1973gg–9 — Transferred

### Statutory Notes #### Codification Section 1973gg–9 was editorially reclassified as [section 20510 of Title 52](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section20510&num=0&edition=prelim), Voting and Elections.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 1973 — Transferred

### Statutory Notes #### Codification Section 1973 was editorially reclassified as [section 10301 of Title 52](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section10301&num=0&edition=prelim), Voting and Elections.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

52 U.S.C. § 10301 — Denial or abridgement of right to vote on account of race or color through voting qualifications or prerequisites; establishment of violation

**(a)** No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision in a manner which results in a denial or abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in [section 10303(f)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section10303/f/2&num=0&edition=prelim), as provided in subsection (b). **(b)** A violation of subsection (a) is established if, based on the totality of circumstances, it is shown that the political processes leading to nomination or election in the State or political subdivision are not equally open to participation by members of a class of citizens protected by subsection (a) in that its members have less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice. The extent to which members of a protected class have been elected to office in the State or political subdivision is one circumstance which may be considered: Provided, That nothing in this section establishes a right to have members of a protected class elected in numbers equal to their proportion in the population.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 1973 — Transferred

Page 5221 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 1973 struction, and evaluation of a project under paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (c) shall be 65 percent. (3) Non-Federal share (A) Credit for land, easements, and rights-of- way The Secretary shall credit the non-Federal interest for the value of any land, easement, right-of-way, dredged material disposal area, or relocation provided for carrying out a project under subsection (c)(3). (B) Form The non-Federal interest may provide up to 100 percent of the non-Federal share re- quired under paragraphs (1) and (2) in the form of services, materials, supplies, or other in-kind contributions. (4) Operation and maintenance The operation, maintenance, repair, reha- bilitation, and replacement of projects carried out under this section shall be a non-Federal responsibility. (5) Non-Federal interests In accordance with section 1962d–5b of this title, for any project carried out under this section, a non-Federal interest may include a private interest and a nonprofit entity. (Pub. L. 106–541, title V, § 506, Dec. 11, 2000, 114 Stat. 2645; Pub. L. 110–114, title V, § 5011, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1194; Pub. L. 114–322, title I, §§ 1123, 1140, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1647, 1658.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The Great Lakes Basin Compact, referred to in sub- sec. (b)(2), is not classified to the Code. CODIFICATION Section was enacted as part of the Water Resources Development Act of 2000, and not as part of the Water Resources Planning Act which comprises this chapter. AMENDMENTS 2016—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 114–322, § 1140, added par. (5). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–322, § 1123, struck out subsec. (g) which authorized appropriations for subsec. (c)(1) to (3). 2007—Subsec. (c)(2) to

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

52 U.S.C. § 10301 — Denial or abridgement of right to vote on

Page 7 TITLE 52—VOTING AND ELECTIONS § 10301 cited as the ‘Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1982 ACT Pub. L. 97–205, § 1, June 29, 1982, 96 Stat. 131, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1982’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1980 ACT Pub. L. 96–187, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1339, provided in part: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Federal Election Campaign Act Amend- ments of 1979’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1976 ACT Pub. L. 94–283, § 1, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 475, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Federal Election Campaign Act Amend- ments of 1976’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1975 ACT Pub. L. 94–203, § 1, Jan. 2, 1976, 89 Stat. 1142, which provided that Pub. L. 94–203 (see Tables for classifica- tion) was to be cited as ‘‘Overseas Citizens Voting Rights Act of 1975’’, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–410, title II, § 203, Aug. 28, 1986, 100 Stat. 930. SHORT TITLE OF 1974 ACT Pub. L. 93–443, Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1263, provided in part: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Federal Election Campaign Act Amend- ments of 1974’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1972 ACT Pub. L. 92–225, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 3, provided in part: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1970 ACT Pub. L. 91–285, § 1, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314, provided: ‘‘That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1970’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1965 ACT Pub. L. 89–110, § 1, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 437, provided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] shall be known as t

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

52 U.S.C. § 20510 — Civil enforcement and private right of

Page 48 TITLE 52—VOTING AND ELECTIONS § 20508 Section is comprised of section 8 of Pub. L. 103–31. Subsec. (h) of section 8 of Pub. L. 103–31 enacted section 3629 of Title 39, Postal Service, and amended sections 2401 and 3627 of Title 39. AMENDMENTS 2002—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–252 inserted before pe- riod at end ‘‘, except that nothing in this paragraph may be construed to prohibit a State from using the procedures described in subsections (c) and (d) to re- move an individual from the official list of eligible vot- ers if the individual— ‘‘(A) has not either notified the applicable registrar (in person or in writing) or responded during the pe- riod described in subparagraph (B) to the notice sent by the applicable registrar; and then ‘‘(B) has not voted or appeared to vote in 2 or more consecutive general elections for Federal office’’. § 20508. Federal coordination and regulations (a) In general The Election Assistance Commission— (1) in consultation with the chief election of- ficers of the States, shall prescribe such regu- lations as are necessary to carry out para- graphs (2) and (3); (2) in consultation with the chief election of- ficers of the States, shall develop a mail voter registration application form for elections for Federal office; (3) not later than June 30 of each odd-num- bered year, shall submit to the Congress a re- port assessing the impact of this chapter on the administration of elections for Federal of- fice during the preceding 2-year period and in- cluding recommendations for improvements in Federal and State procedures, forms, and other matters affected by this chapter; and (4) shall provide information to the States with respect to the responsibilities of the States under this chapter. (b) Contents of mail vo

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