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46 U.S.C. § 55111 — Towing
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Except when towing a vessel in distress, a vessel may not do any part of any towing described in subsection (b) unless the towing vessel—
(1) is wholly owned by citizens of the United States for purposes of engaging in the coastwise trade; and
(2) has been issued a certificate of documentation with a coastwise endorsement under chapter 121 of this title or is exempt from documentation but would otherwise be eligible for such a certificate and endorsement.
**(b) Applicable Towing.—** Subsection (a) applies to the towing of—
(1) a vessel between ports or places in the United States to which the coastwise laws apply, either directly or via a foreign port or place;
(2) a vessel from point to point within the harbors of ports or places to which the coastwise laws apply; or
(3) a vessel transporting valueless material or dredged material, regardless of whether it has commercial value, from a point in the United States or on the high seas within the exclusive economic zone, to another point in the United States or on the high seas within the exclusive economic zone.
**(c) Penalties.—**
(1) **Owner and master.—** — The owner and master of a vessel towing another vessel in violation of this section are each liable for a penalty of at least $350 but not more than $1,100. A penalty under this paragraph constitutes a lien on the vessel. The lien is enforceable in a district court of the United States for any district in which the vessel is found. Clearance may not be granted to the vessel until the penalties have been paid.
(2) **Vessel.—** — In addition to the penalties under paragraph (1), the towing vessel is liable for a penalty of $60 per ton based on the tonnage of each towed vessel.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-46/section-55111-towing--b12cfd7122.md
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Source location: Title 46, Chapter 551, § 55111; chapter-551-coastwise-trade.md
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**(a) In General.—** Except when towing a vessel in distress, a vessel may not do any part of any towing described in subsection (b) unless the towing vessel—
(1) is wholly owned by citizens of the United States for purposes of engaging in the coastwise trade; and
(2) has been issued a certificate of documentation with a coastwise endorsement under chapter 121 of this title or is exempt from documentation but would otherwise be eligible for such a certificate and endorsement.
**(b) Applicable Towing.—** Subsection (a) applies to the towing of—
(1) a vessel between ports or places in the United States to which the coastwise laws apply, either directly or via a foreign port or place;
(2) a vessel from point to point within the harbors of ports or places to which the coastwise laws apply; or
(3) a vessel transporting valueless material or dredged material, regardless of whether it has commercial value, from a point in the United States or on the high seas within the exclusive economic zone, to another point in the United States or on the high seas within the exclusive economic zone.
**(c) Penalties.—**
(1) **Owner and master.—** — The owner and master of a vessel towing another vessel in violation of this section are each liable for a penalty of at least $350 but not more than $1,100. A penalty under this paragraph constitutes a lien on the vessel. The lien is enforceable in a district court of the United States for any district in which the vessel is found. Clearance may not be granted to the vessel until the penalties have been paid.
(2) **Vessel.—** — In addition to the penalties under paragraph (1), the towing vessel is liable for a penalty of $60 per ton based on the tonnage of each towed vessel.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** A documented vessel may not be titled by a State or required to display numbers under chapter 123 of this title, and any certificate of title issued by a State for a documented vessel shall be surrendered as provided by regulations prescribed by the Secretary.
**(b) Vessels Covered by Preferred Mortgage.—** The Secretary may approve the surrender under subsection (a) of a certificate of title for a vessel covered by a preferred mortgage under [section 31322(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section31322/d&num=0&edition=prelim) only if the mortgagee consents.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 12106
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, unless the context indicates otherwise—
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
[Section 55102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section55102&num=0&edition=prelim) applies to the transportation of valueless material or dredged material, regardless of whether it has commercial value, from a point in the United States or on the high seas within the exclusive economic zone, to another point in the United States or on the high seas within the exclusive economic zone.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 55110
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whenever a civil fine, penalty or pecuniary forfeiture is prescribed for the violation of an Act of Congress without specifying the mode of recovery or enforcement thereof, it may be recovered in a civil action.
**(b)** Unless otherwise provided by Act of Congress, whenever a forfeiture of property is prescribed as a penalty for violation of an Act of Congress and the seizure takes place on the high seas or on navigable waters within the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the United States, such forfeiture may be enforced by libel in admiralty but in cases of seizures on land the forfeiture may be enforced by a proceeding by libel which shall conform as near as may be to proceedings in admiralty.
**(c)** If a person is charged in a criminal case with a violation of an Act of Congress for which the civil or criminal forfeiture of property is authorized, the Government may include notice of the forfeiture in the indictment or information pursuant to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. If the defendant is convicted of the offense giving rise to the forfeiture, the court shall order the forfeiture of the property as part of the sentence in the criminal case pursuant to to 11 So in original. the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and [section 3554 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3554&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code. The procedures in section 413 of the Controlled Substances Act ([21 U.S.C. 853](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section853&num=0&edition=prelim)) apply to all stages of a criminal forfeiture proceeding, except that subsection (d) of such section applies only in cases in which the defendant is convicted of a violation of such Act.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section:
(1) **Bowaters corporation.—** — The term “Bowaters corporation” means a corporation that has filed a certificate under oath with the Secretary, in the form and at the times prescribed by the Secretary, establishing that—
(A) the corporation is incorporated under the laws of the United States or a State;
(B) a majority of the officers and directors of the corporation are individuals who are citizens of the United States;
(C) at least 90 percent of the employees of the corporation are residents of the United States;
(D) the corporation is engaged primarily in a manufacturing or mineral industry in the United States;
(E) the total book value of the vessels owned by the corporation is not more than 10 percent of the total book value of the assets of the corporation; and
(F) the corporation buys or produces in the United States at least 75 percent of the raw materials used or sold in its operations.
(2) **Parent.—** — The term “parent” means a corporation that has filed a certificate under oath with the Secretary, in the form and at the times prescribed by the Secretary, establishing that the corporation—
(A) is incorporated under the laws of the United States or a State; and
(B) controls, directly or indirectly, at least 50 percent of the voting stock of a Bowaters corporation.
(3) **Subsidiary.—** — The term “subsidiary” means a corporation that has filed a certificate under oath with the Secretary, in the form and at the times prescribed by the Secretary, establishing that the corporation—
(A) is incorporated under the laws of the United States or a State; and
(B) has at least 50 percent of its voting stock controlled, directly or indirectly, by a Bowaters corporation or its parent.
**(b) Deemed Cit
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 12118
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Except in the case of a vessel in distress, only a vessel of the United States may perform the following escort vessel operations within the navigable waters of the United States:
(1) Operations that commence or terminate at a port or place in the United States.
(2) Operations required by United States law or regulation.
(3) Operations provided in whole or in part within or through navigation facilities owned, maintained, or operated by the United States Government or the approaches to those facilities, other than facilities operated by the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation on the St. Lawrence River portion of the Seaway.
**(b) Escort Vessels.—** For purposes of this section, an escort vessel is—
(1) any vessel that is assigned and dedicated to assist another vessel, whether or not tethered to that vessel, solely as a safety precaution to assist in controlling the speed or course of the assisted vessel in the event of a steering or propulsion equipment failure, or any other similar emergency circumstance, or in restricted waters where additional assistance in maneuvering the vessel is required to ensure its safe operation; and
(2) in the case of a vessel being towed under [section 55111 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section55111&num=0&edition=prelim), any vessel that is assigned and dedicated to the vessel being towed in addition to any towing vessel required under that section.
**(c) Relationship to Other Law.—** This section does not affect [section 55111 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section55111&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d) Penalty.—** A person violating this section is liable to the Government for a civil pen
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 55112
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 480
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 55111
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
55110 ..........
46 App.:883 (12th
proviso).
June 5, 1920, ch. 250, § 27
(12th proviso), 41 Stat. 999;
Pub.
L.
100–329,
§ 1(a),
June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 588.
The words ‘‘or place’’ are omitted as surplus. The
words ‘‘as defined in the Presidential Proclamation of
March 10, 1983’’ are omitted because ‘‘exclusive eco-
nomic zone’’ is defined in chapter 1 of the revised title.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2008—Pub. L. 110–181 inserted ‘‘valueless material or’’
before ‘‘dredged material’’ in section catchline.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
NONAPPLICABILITY OF PUB. L. 100–329 TO CERTAIN
VESSELS
Pub. L. 102–587, title V, § 5501(c), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat.
5085, provided that: ‘‘The Act of June 7, 1988 (Public
Law 100–329; 102 Stat. 588) [amending sections 316 and
883 (from which this section was derived) of the former
Appendix to this title and enacting provisions set out
below], including the amendments made by that Act,
does not apply to a vessel—
‘‘(1) engaged in the transportation of valueless ma-
terial or valueless dredged material; and
‘‘(2) owned or chartered by a corporation that had
on file with the Secretary of Transportation on Au-
gust 1, 1989, the certificate specified in section 27A of
the Merchant Marine Act, 1920 (46 App. U.S.C. 883–1)
[now 46 U.S.C. 12118].’’
TRANSPORTATION OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE
Pub. L. 100–329, § 3, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 589, provided
that: ‘‘Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1 of
this Act [amending section 883 of the former Appendix
to this title, from which this section was derived], a
vessel may transport municipal sewage sludge if that
vessel, regardles
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 46 U.S.C. § 55111
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