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15 U.S.C. § 7443 — National cybersecurity challenges
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of national cybersecurity challenges**
(1) **In general** — To achieve high-priority breakthroughs in cybersecurity by 2028, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish the following national cybersecurity challenges:
(A) *Economics of a cyber attack* — Building more resilient systems that measurably and exponentially raise adversary costs of carrying out common cyber attacks.
(B) *Cyber training*
(i) Empowering the people of the United States with an appropriate and measurably sufficient level of digital literacy to make safe and secure decisions online.
(ii) Developing a cybersecurity workforce with measurable skills to protect and maintain information systems.
(C) *Emerging technology* — Advancing cybersecurity efforts in response to emerging technology, such as artificial intelligence, quantum science, next generation communications, autonomy, data science, and computational technologies.
(D) *Reimagining digital identity* — Maintaining a high sense of usability while improving the privacy, security, and safety of online activity of individuals in the United States.
(E) *Federal agency resilience* — Reducing cybersecurity risks to Federal networks and systems, and improving the response of Federal agencies to cybersecurity incidents on such networks and systems.
(2) **Coordination** — In establishing the challenges under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of Homeland Security on the challenges under subparagraphs (B) and (E) of such paragraph.
**(b) Pursuit of national cybersecurity challenges**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after January 1, 2021, the Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology, shall commence efforts to pursue the n
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-15/section-7443-national-cybersecurity-challenges--5f94c4fd13.md
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 100A, § 7443; chapter-100a-cybersecurity-enhancement.md
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**(a) Establishment of national cybersecurity challenges**
(1) **In general** — To achieve high-priority breakthroughs in cybersecurity by 2028, the Secretary of Commerce shall establish the following national cybersecurity challenges:
(A) *Economics of a cyber attack* — Building more resilient systems that measurably and exponentially raise adversary costs of carrying out common cyber attacks.
(B) *Cyber training*
(i) Empowering the people of the United States with an appropriate and measurably sufficient level of digital literacy to make safe and secure decisions online.
(ii) Developing a cybersecurity workforce with measurable skills to protect and maintain information systems.
(C) *Emerging technology* — Advancing cybersecurity efforts in response to emerging technology, such as artificial intelligence, quantum science, next generation communications, autonomy, data science, and computational technologies.
(D) *Reimagining digital identity* — Maintaining a high sense of usability while improving the privacy, security, and safety of online activity of individuals in the United States.
(E) *Federal agency resilience* — Reducing cybersecurity risks to Federal networks and systems, and improving the response of Federal agencies to cybersecurity incidents on such networks and systems.
(2) **Coordination** — In establishing the challenges under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with the Secretary of Homeland Security on the challenges under subparagraphs (B) and (E) of such paragraph.
**(b) Pursuit of national cybersecurity challenges**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 180 days after January 1, 2021, the Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology, shall commence efforts to pursue the national cybersecurity challenges established under subsection (a).
(2) **Competitions** — The efforts required by paragraph (1) shall include carrying out programs to award prizes, including cash and noncash prizes, competitively pursuant to the authorities and processes established under [section 3719 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3719&num=0&edition=prelim) or any other applicable provision of law.
(3) **Additional authorities** — In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary may enter into and perform such other transactions as the Secretary considers necessary and on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate.
(4) **Coordination** — In pursuing national cybersecurity challenges under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with the following:
(A) The Director of the National Science Foundation.
(B) The Secretary of Homeland Security.
(C) The Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
(D) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(E) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
(F) The Administrator of the General Services Administration.
(G) The Federal Trade Commission.
(H) The heads of such other Federal agencies as the Secretary of Commerce considers appropriate for purposes of this section.
(5) **Solicitation of acceptance of funds**
(A) *In general* — Pursuant to [section 3719 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3719&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary shall request and accept funds from other Federal agencies, State, United States territory, local, or Tribal government agencies, private sector for-profit entities, and nonprofit entities to support efforts to pursue a national cybersecurity challenge under this section.
(B) *Rule of construction* — Nothing in subparagraph (A) may be construed to require any person or entity to provide funds or otherwise participate in an effort or competition under this section.
**(c) Recommendations**
(1) **In general** — In carrying out this section, the Secretary of Commerce shall designate an advisory council to seek recommendations.
(2) **Elements** — The recommendations required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) A scope for efforts carried out under subsection (b).
(B) Metrics to assess submissions for prizes under competitions carried out under subsection (b) as the submissions pertain to the national cybersecurity challenges established under subsection (a).
(3) **No additional compensation** — The Secretary may not provide any additional compensation, except for travel expenses, to a member of the advisory council designated under paragraph (1) for participation in the advisory council.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agency** — The term “agency” means a Federal agency.
(2) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(3) **Federal agency** — The term “Federal agency” has the meaning given under [section 3703 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section3703&num=0&edition=prelim), except that term shall not include any agency of the legislative branch of the Federal Government.
(4) **Head of an agency** — The term “head of an agency” means the head of a Federal agency.
**(b) In general** Each head of an agency, or the heads of multiple agencies in cooperation, may carry out a program to award prizes competitively to stimulate innovation that has the potential to advance the mission of the respective agency.
**(c) Prize competitions** For purposes of this section, a prize competition may be 1 or more of the following types of activities:
(1) A point solution prize that rewards and spurs the development of solutions for a particular, well-defined problem.
(2) An exposition prize competition that helps identify and promote a broad range of ideas and practices that may not otherwise attract attention, facilitating further development of the idea or practice by third parties.
(3) Participation prize competitions that create value during and after the competition by encouraging contestants to change their behavior or develop new skills that may have beneficial effects during and after the competition.
(4) Such other types of prize competitions as each head of an agency considers appropriate to stimulate innovation that has the potential to advance the mission of the respective agency.
**(d) Topics** In selecting topics for prize compet
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3719
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** To encourage the recruitment and retention of Department of Defense personnel who have the computer and network security skills necessary to meet the cyber requirements of the Department of Defense, the Secretary of Defense may carry out programs in accordance with this chapter to provide financial support for education in disciplines relevant to those requirements at institutions of higher education.
**(b) Types of Programs.—** The programs authorized under this chapter are as follows:
(1) Scholarships for pursuit of programs of education in cyber disciplines at institutions of higher education.
(2) Grants to institutions of higher education.
**(c) Name of Program.—** The programs authorized under this chapter shall be known as the “Cyber Scholarship Program”.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2200
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of National Institute of Standards and Technology** There is established within the Department of Commerce a science, engineering, technology, and measurement laboratory to be known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Institute”).
**(b) Functions of Secretary and Institute** The Secretary of Commerce (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Secretary”) acting through the Director of the Institute (hereafter in this chapter referred to as the “Director”) is authorized to serve as the President’s principal adviser on standards policy pertaining to the Nation’s technological competitiveness and innovation ability and to take all actions necessary and appropriate to accomplish the purposes of this chapter, including the following functions of the Institute—
(1) to assist industry in the development of technology and procedures needed to improve quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability, manufacturability, functionality, and cost-effectiveness, and to facilitate the more rapid commercialization, especially by small- and medium-sized companies throughout the United States, of products based on new scientific discoveries in fields such as automation, electronics, advanced materials, biotechnology, and optical technologies;
(2) to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for making measurements consistent with those standards;
(3) to facilitate standards-related information sharing and cooperation between Federal agencies and to coordinate the use by Federal agencies of private sector standards, emphasizing where possible the use of standards developed by private, consensus orga
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 272
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and Secretary of Homeland Security, shall continue a Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program to recruit and train the next generation of information technology professionals, industrial control system security professionals, and security managers to meet the needs of the cybersecurity mission for Federal, State, local, and tribal governments.
**(b) Program description and components** The Federal Cyber Scholarship-for-Service Program shall—
(1) provide scholarships through qualified institutions of higher education, including community colleges, to students who are enrolled in programs of study at institutions of higher education leading to degrees or specialized program certifications in the cybersecurity field and cybersecurity-related aspects of other related fields as appropriate, including artificial intelligence, quantum computing and aerospace;
(2) provide the scholarship recipients with summer internship opportunities or other meaningful temporary appointments in the Federal information technology and cybersecurity workforce;
(3) prioritize the placement of scholarship recipients fulfilling the post-award employment obligation under this section to ensure that—
(A) not less than 70 percent of such recipients are placed in an executive agency (as defined in [section 105 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim));
(B) not more than 10 percent of such recipients are placed as educators in the field of cybersecurity at qualified institutions of higher education that provide scholarships under this section; and
(C) not more than 20 percent o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 7461
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, Pub. L. 113–274, title IV, § 401, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2985, which related to national cybersecurity awareness and education program, was renumbered § 303 of title III of Pub. L. 113–274, by Pub. L. 116–283, div. H, title XCIV, § 9401(g)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4809, and transferred to [section 7443 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section7443&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 7463
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Dissemination of resources for research institutions**
(1) **In general** — Not later than one year after August 9, 2022, the Director shall, using the authorities of the Director under subsections (c)(15) and (e)(1)(A)(ix) of [section 272 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section272&num=0&edition=prelim), disseminate and make publicly available tailored resources to help qualifying institutions identify, assess, manage, and reduce their cybersecurity risk related to conducting research.
(2) **Requirements** — The Director shall ensure that the resources disseminated pursuant to paragraph (1)—
(A) are generally applicable and usable by a wide range of qualifying institutions;
(B) vary with the nature and size of the qualifying institutions, and the nature and sensitivity of the data collected or stored on the information systems or devices of the qualifying institutions;
(C) include elements that promote awareness of simple, basic controls, a workplace cybersecurity culture, and third-party stakeholder relationships, to assist qualifying institutions in mitigating common cybersecurity risks;
(D) include case studies, examples, and scenarios of practical application;
(E) are outcomes-based and can be implemented using a variety of technologies that are commercial and off-the-shelf; and
(F) to the extent practicable, are based on international technical standards.
(3) **National cybersecurity awareness and education program** — The Director shall ensure that the resources disseminated under paragraph (1) are consistent with the efforts of the Director under [section 7443 of title 15](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section7443&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Updat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 18937
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The head of an Executive department or military department may prescribe regulations for the government of his department, the conduct of its employees, the distribution and performance of its business, and the custody, use, and preservation of its records, papers, and property. This section does not authorize withholding information from the public or limiting the availability of records to the public.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2365
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 7443
par. (E) which read as follows: ‘‘fails to fulfill the post-
award employment obligation of the individual under
this section.’’
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, § 9404(3), inserted ‘‘and
the Director of the Office of Personnel Management’’
after ‘‘Foundation’’.
Subsec. (k)(1)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, § 9404(4), substituted
‘‘, the Director of the National Science Foundation,
and the Director of the Office of Personnel Manage-
ment of the amounts owed’’ for ‘‘and the Director of
the National Science Foundation of the amounts
owed’’.
Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, § 9403(3)(A), sub-
stituted ‘‘cybersecurity’’ for ‘‘cyber’’ in introductory
provisions.
Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, § 9404(5), substituted
‘‘once every two years, to the Committee on Com-
merce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee
on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the
Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology and the Committee on Oversight and Re-
form of the House of Representatives a report, includ-
ing—’’ and subpars. (A) to (C) for ‘‘once every 3 years,
to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Trans-
portation of the Senate and the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives
a report, including the results of the evaluation under
paragraph (1) and any recent statistics regarding the
size, composition, and educational requirements of the
Federal cybersecurity workforce’’.
Pub.
L.
116–283,
§ 9403(3)(B),
substituted
‘‘cybersecurity’’ for ‘‘cyber’’. Subsequent amendment
by Pub. L. 116–283, § 9404(5), reenacted the word ‘‘cyber’’
in subsec. (m)(2)(C).
2017—Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 115–91, § 1649B(a)(1),
added pars. (3) and (4) and struck out former par. (3
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 7443
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