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16 U.S.C. § 1402 — Duties of Commission
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reports and recommendations** The Commission shall—
(1) undertake a review and study of the activities of the United States pursuant to existing laws and international conventions relating to marine mammals, including, but not limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the Whaling Convention Act of 1949 [[16 U.S.C. 916](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section916&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Interim Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, and the Fur Seal Act of 1966 [[16 U.S.C. 1151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(2) conduct a continuing review of the condition of the stocks of marine mammals, of methods for their protection and conservation, of humane means of taking marine mammals, of research programs conducted or proposed to be conducted under the authority of this chapter, and of all applications for permits for scientific research, public display, or enhancing the survival or recovery of a species or stock;
(3) undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with its assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of marine mammals;
(4) recommend to the Secretary and to other Federal officials such steps as it deems necessary or desirable for the protection and conservation of marine mammals;
(5) recommend to the Secretary of State appropriate policies regarding existing international arrangements for the protection and conservation of marine mammals, and suggest appropriate international arrangements for the protection and conservation of marine mammals;
(6) recommend to the Secretary such revisions of the endangered s
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 31, § 1402; chapter-031-marine-mammal-protection.md
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**(a) Reports and recommendations** The Commission shall—
(1) undertake a review and study of the activities of the United States pursuant to existing laws and international conventions relating to marine mammals, including, but not limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the Whaling Convention Act of 1949 [[16 U.S.C. 916](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section916&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Interim Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, and the Fur Seal Act of 1966 [[16 U.S.C. 1151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.];
(2) conduct a continuing review of the condition of the stocks of marine mammals, of methods for their protection and conservation, of humane means of taking marine mammals, of research programs conducted or proposed to be conducted under the authority of this chapter, and of all applications for permits for scientific research, public display, or enhancing the survival or recovery of a species or stock;
(3) undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with its assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of marine mammals;
(4) recommend to the Secretary and to other Federal officials such steps as it deems necessary or desirable for the protection and conservation of marine mammals;
(5) recommend to the Secretary of State appropriate policies regarding existing international arrangements for the protection and conservation of marine mammals, and suggest appropriate international arrangements for the protection and conservation of marine mammals;
(6) recommend to the Secretary such revisions of the endangered species list and threatened species list published pursuant to [section 1533(c)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1533/c/1&num=0&edition=prelim), as may be appropriate with regard to marine mammals; and
(7) recommend to the Secretary, other appropriate Federal officials, and Congress such additional measures as it deems necessary or desirable to further the policies of this chapter, including provisions for the protection of the Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts whose livelihood may be adversely affected by actions taken pursuant to this chapter.
**(b) Consultation with Secretary; reports to Secretary before publication** The Commission shall consult with the Secretary at such intervals as it or he may deem desirable, and shall provide each annual report required under section 1404 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, before submission to Congress, to the Secretary for comment.
**(c) Availability of reports for public inspection** The reports and recommendations which the Commission makes shall be matters of public record and shall be available to the public at all reasonable times. All other activities of the Commission shall be matters of public record and available to the public in accordance with the provisions of [section 552 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d) Recommendations; explanation for nonadoption** Any recommendations made by the Commission to the Secretary and other Federal officials shall be responded to by those individuals within one hundred and twenty days after receipt thereof. Any recommendations which are not followed or adopted shall be referred to the Commission together with a detailed explanation of the reasons why those recommendations were not followed or adopted.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation;
(2) other species of fish, wildlife, and plants have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction;
(3) these species of fish, wildlife, and plants are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the Nation and its people;
(4) the United States has pledged itself as a sovereign state in the international community to conserve to the extent practicable the various species of fish or wildlife and plants facing extinction, pursuant to—
(A) migratory bird treaties with Canada and Mexico;
(B) the Migratory and Endangered Bird Treaty with Japan;
(C) the Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere;
(D) the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries;
(E) the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean;
(F) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; and
(G) other international agreements; and
(5) encouraging the States and other interested parties, through Federal financial assistance and a system of incentives, to develop and maintain conservation programs which meet national and international standards is a key to meeting the Nation’s international commitments and to better safeguarding, for the benefit of all citizens, the Nation’s heritage in fish, wildlife, and plants.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this subchapter—
**(a)** Convention: The word “convention” means the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling signed at Washington under date of December 2, 1946, by the United States of America and certain other governments.
**(b)** Commission: The word “Commission” means the International Whaling Commission established by article III of the convention.
**(c)** United States Commissioner: The words “United States Commissioner” mean the member of the International Whaling Commission representing the United States of America appointed pursuant to article III of the convention and [section 916a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section916a&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d)** Person: The word “person” denotes every individual, partnership, corporation, and association subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
**(e)** Vessel: The word “vessel” denotes every kind, type, or description of water craft or contrivance subject to the jurisdiction of the United States used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation.
**(f)** Factory ship: The words “factory ship” mean a vessel in which or on which whales are treated or processed, whether wholly or in part.
**(g)** Land station: The words “land station” mean a factory on the land at which whales are treated or processed, whether wholly or in part.
**(h)** Whale catcher: The words “whale catcher” mean a vessel used for the purpose of hunting, killing, taking, towing, holding onto, or scouting for whales.
**(i)** Whale products: The words “whale products” mean any unprocessed part of a whale and blubber, meat, bones, whale oil, sperm oil, spermaceti, meal, and baleen.
**(j)** Whaling: The word “whaling” means the scouting for, huntin
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each agency shall make available to the public information as follows:
(1) Each agency shall separately state and currently publish in the Federal Register for the guidance of the public—
(A) descriptions of its central and field organization and the established places at which, the employees (and in the case of a uniformed service, the members) from whom, and the methods whereby, the public may obtain information, make submittals or requests, or obtain decisions;
(B) statements of the general course and method by which its functions are channeled and determined, including the nature and requirements of all formal and informal procedures available;
(C) rules of procedure, descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms may be obtained, and instructions as to the scope and contents of all papers, reports, or examinations;
(D) substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretations of general applicability formulated and adopted by the agency; and
(E) each amendment, revision, or repeal of the foregoing.
Except to the extent that a person has actual and timely notice of the terms thereof, a person may not in any manner be required to resort to, or be adversely affected by, a matter required to be published in the Federal Register and not so published. For the purpose of this paragraph, matter reasonably available to the class of persons affected thereby is deemed published in the Federal Register when incorporated by reference therein with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register.
(2) Each agency, in accordance with published rules, shall make available for public inspection in an electronic format—
(A) final opinions, including concurring and dissen
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** “Commission” means the North Pacific Fur Seal Commission established pursuant to article V of the Convention.
**(b)** “Convention” means the Interim Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals signed at Washington on February 9, 1957, as amended by the protocol signed in Washington on October 8, 1963; by the exchange of notes among the party governments which became effective on September 3, 1969; by the protocol signed in Washington on May 7, 1976; and by the protocol signed in Washington on October 14, 1980, by the parties.
**(c)** “Cure” or “curing” means the performance of those post-harvest activities traditionally performed on the Pribilof Islands, including cooling, washing, removal of blubber, soaking in brine, draining, treating with salt or boric acid, and packing in containers for shipment of fur seal skins.
**(d)** “Fur Seal” means the North Pacific Fur Seal, Callorhinus Ursinus.
**(e)** “Import” means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into, any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the customs laws of the United States.
**(f)** “Natives of the Pribilof Islands” means any Aleuts who are permanent residents of the Pribilof Islands, or any organization or entity representing such natives.
**(g)** “North Pacific Ocean” means the waters of the Pacific Ocean north of the thirtieth parallel of north latitude, including the Bering, Okhotsk, and Japan Seas.
**(h)** “Party” or “parties” means the United States of America, Canada, Japan, and Russia (except that as used in subsection (b) of this section, “party” and “parties” refer to the Union of Soviet Socialist
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, Pub. L. 92–522, title II, § 204, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 1045, which required the Marine Mammal Commission to transmit to Congress, by January 31 of each year, a report including a description of the Commission’s activities and accomplishments during the preceding year and all findings and recommendations made by and to the Commission pursuant to [section 1402 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1402&num=0&edition=prelim) together with responses made to those recommendations, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under [section 1113 of Title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1113&num=0&edition=prelim), Money and Finance. See, also, page 176 of House Document No. 103–7.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) certain species and population stocks of marine mammals are, or may be, in danger of extinction or depletion as a result of man’s activities;
(2) such species and population stocks should not be permitted to diminish beyond the point at which they cease to be a significant functioning element in the ecosystem of which they are a part, and, consistent with this major objective, they should not be permitted to diminish below their optimum sustainable population. Further measures should be immediately taken to replenish any species or population stock which has already diminished below that population. In particular, efforts should be made to protect essential habitats, including the rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance for each species of marine mammal from the adverse effect of man’s actions;
(3) there is inadequate knowledge of the ecology and population dynamics of such marine mammals and of the factors which bear upon their ability to reproduce themselves successfully;
(4) negotiations should be undertaken immediately to encourage the development of international arrangements for research on, and conservation of, all marine mammals;
(5) marine mammals and marine mammal products either—
(A) move in interstate commerce, or
(B) affect the balance of marine ecosystems in a manner which is important to other animals and animal products which move in interstate commerce,
and that the protection and conservation of marine mammals and their habitats is therefore necessary to insure the continuing availability of those products which move in interstate commerce; and
(6) marine mammals have proven themselves to be resources of great international significance, esthetic and recreational as well as economic, and i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1635
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1151
(b) Authorization to accept private contributions
and gifts
The Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary
of the Interior is authorized to accept private
contributions and gifts to be used to further the
purposes of this chapter.
(Pub. L. 88–577, § 6, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 896.)
§ 1136. Annual reports to Congress
At the opening of each session of Congress, the
Secretaries of Agriculture and Interior shall
jointly report to the President for transmission
to Congress on the status of the wilderness sys-
tem, including a list and descriptions of the
areas in the system, regulations in effect, and
other pertinent information, together with any
recommendations they may care to make.
(Pub. L. 88–577, § 7, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 896.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
TERMINATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions
of this section relating to transmission to Congress of
annual report on status of wilderness system, see sec-
tion 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note
under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and
pages 48, 110, and 149 of House Document No. 103–7.
CHAPTER 24—CONSERVATION AND PROTEC-
TION OF NORTH PACIFIC FUR SEALS
SUBCHAPTER I—FUR SEAL MANAGEMENT
Sec.
1151.
Definitions.
1152.
Prohibitions.
1153.
Sealing permitted by Aleuts, Eskimos, and
Indians.
1154.
Scientific research on fur seal resources; use
of fur seals for educational, scientific, or
exhibition purposes.
1155.
Authority of Secretary of Commerce.
1156.
Enforcement provisions.
1157.
North Pacific Fur Seal Commission; appoint-
ment of United States Commissioner, Dep-
uty Commissioner, and Advisors; duties,
compensation, and travel expenses.
1158.
A
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1151
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1823
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1402
1 See References in Text note below.
REFERENCES IN OTHER LAWS TO GS–16, 17, OR 18 PAY
RATES
References in laws to the rates of pay for GS–16, 17,
or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under the General
Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable
under specified sections of Title 5, Government Organi-
zation and Employees, see section 529 [title I, § 101(c)(1)]
of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376
of Title 5.
§ 1402. Duties of Commission
(a) Reports and recommendations
The Commission shall—
(1) undertake a review and study of the ac-
tivities of the United States pursuant to exist-
ing laws and international conventions relat-
ing to marine mammals, including, but not
limited to, the International Convention for
the Regulation of Whaling, the Whaling Con-
vention Act of 1949 [16 U.S.C. 916 et seq.], the
Interim Convention on the Conservation of
North Pacific Fur Seals, and the Fur Seal Act
of 1966 [16 U.S.C. 1151 et seq.];
(2) conduct a continuing review of the condi-
tion of the stocks of marine mammals, of
methods for their protection and conservation,
of humane means of taking marine mammals,
of research programs conducted or proposed to
be conducted under the authority of this chap-
ter, and of all applications for permits for sci-
entific research, public display, or enhancing
the survival or recovery of a species or stock;
(3) undertake or cause to be undertaken such
other studies as it deems necessary or desir-
able in connection with its assigned duties as
to the protection and conservation of marine
mammals;
(4) recommend to the Secretary and to other
Federal officials such steps as it deems nec-
essary or desirable for the protection and con-
servation of marine mammal
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1545
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 916
held invalid, neither the remainder of section
839b of this title or any other provisions of this
chapter, nor the application of such provisions
to other persons, States, Indian tribes, entities,
or circumstances, shall be affected thereby.
(Pub. L. 96–501, § 12, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2736.)
CHAPTER 13—REGULATION OF TRANSPOR-
TATION
IN
INTERSTATE
OR
FOREIGN
COMMERCE OF BLACK BASS AND OTHER
FISH
§§ 851 to 856. Repealed. Pub. L. 97–79, § 9(b)(1),
Nov. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1079
Section 851, acts May 20, 1926 ch 346, § 1, 44 Stat. 576;
July 2, 1930, ch. 801, 46 Stat. 845; July 30, 1947, ch. 348,
61 Stat. 517; July 16, 1952, ch. 911, § 1, 66 Stat. 736; Dec.
5, 1969, Pub. L. 91–135, § 9(d), 83 Stat. 282, defined the
terms ‘‘person’’ and ‘‘State’’. See section 3371 of this
title.
Section 852, acts May 20, 1926, ch. 346, § 2, 44 Stat. 576;
July 2, 1930, ch. 801, 46 Stat. 845; July 30, 1947, ch. 348,
61 Stat. 517; July 16, 1952, ch. 911, § 2, 66 Stat. 736; Dec.
5, 1969, Pub. L. 91–135, § 9(a), 83 Stat. 281, made illegal
the transportation of illegally taken black bass or
other fish. See section 3372 of this title.
Section 852a, act May 20, 1926, ch. 346, § 3, as added
July 2, 1930, ch. 801, 46 Stat. 846; amended July 30, 1947,
ch. 348, 61 Stat. 517; July 16, 1952, ch. 911, § 2, 66 Stat. 736;
Dec. 5, 1969, Pub. L. 91–135, § 9(b), 83 Stat. 282, provided
for the markings on the outside of packages and con-
tainers used in the transportation of fish. See section
3376(a) of this title.
Section 852b, act May 20, 1926, ch. 346, § 4, as added
July 2, 1930, ch. 801, 46 Stat. 846; amended July 30, 1947,
ch. 348, 61 Stat. 517; July 16, 1952, ch. 911, § 2, 66 Stat. 736,
related to the application of State laws with rega
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 916
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