15 U.S.C. § 46 — Additional powers of Commission

The Commission shall also have power— **(a) Investigation of persons, partnerships, or corporations** To gather and compile information concerning, and to investigate from time to time the organization, business, conduct, practices, and management of any person, partnership, or corporation engaged in or whose business affects commerce, excepting banks, savings and loan institutions described in [section 57a(f)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/3&num=0&edition=prelim), Federal credit unions described in [section 57a(f)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/4&num=0&edition=prelim), and common carriers subject to the Act to regulate commerce, and its relation to other persons, partnerships, and corporations. **(b) Reports of persons, partnerships, and corporations** To require, by general or special orders, persons, partnerships, and corporations, engaged in or whose business affects commerce, excepting banks, savings and loan institutions described in [section 57a(f)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/3&num=0&edition=prelim), Federal credit unions described in [section 57a(f)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/4&num=0&edition=prelim), and common carriers subject to the Act to regulate commerce, or any class of them, or any of them, respectively, to file with the Commission in such form as the Commission may prescribe annual or special, or both annual and special, reports or answers in writing to specific questions, furnishing to the Commission such information as it may require as to the organization, business, conduct, practices, management, and relation to other corporations, partnerships, and individuals of the respective persons, partnerships, and corporations filing such reports or answers in writing. Such reports and answers shall be made under oath, or otherwise, as the Commission may prescribe, and shall be filed with the Commission within such reasonable period as the Commission may prescribe, unless additional time be granted in any case by the Commission. **(c) Investigation of compliance with antitrust decrees** Whenever a final decree has been entered against any defendant corporation in any suit brought by the United States to prevent and restrain any violation of the antitrust Acts, to make investigation, upon its own initiative, of the manner in which the decree has been or is being carried out, and upon the application of the Attorney General it shall be its duty to make such investigation. It shall transmit to the Attorney General a report embodying its findings and recommendations as a result of any such investigation, and the report shall be made public in the discretion of the Commission. **(d) Investigations of violations of antitrust statutes** Upon the direction of the President or either House of Congress to investigate and report the facts relating to any alleged violations of the antitrust Acts by any corporation. **(e) Readjustment of business of corporations violating antitrust statutes** Upon the application of the Attorney General to investigate and make recommendations for the readjustment of the business of any corporation alleged to be violating the antitrust Acts in order that the corporation may thereafter maintain its organization, management, and conduct of business in accordance with law. **(f) Publication of information; reports** To make public from time to time such portions of the information obtained by it hereunder as are in the public interest; and to make annual and special reports to the Congress and to submit therewith recommendations for additional legislation; and to provide for the publication of its reports and decisions in such form and manner as may be best adapted for public information and use: Provided, That the Commission shall not have any authority to make public any trade secret or any commercial or financial information which is obtained from any person and which is privileged or confidential, except that the Commission may disclose such information (1) to officers and employees of appropriate Federal law enforcement agencies or to any officer or employee of any State law enforcement agency upon the prior certification of an officer of any such Federal or State law enforcement agency that such information will be maintained in confidence and will be used only for official law enforcement purposes, and (2) to any officer or employee of any foreign law enforcement agency under the same circumstances that making material available to foreign law enforcement agencies is permitted under [section 57b–2(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57b–2/b&num=0&edition=prelim). **(g) Classification of corporations; regulations** From time to time classify corporations and (except as provided in [section 57a(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim)) to make rules and regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this subchapter. **(h) Investigations of foreign trade conditions; reports** To investigate, from time to time, trade conditions in and with foreign countries where associations, combinations, or practices of manufacturers, merchants, or traders, or other conditions, may affect the foreign trade of the United States, and to report to Congress thereon, with such recommendations as it deems advisable. **(i) Investigations of foreign antitrust law violations** With respect to the International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance Act of 1994 [[15 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], to conduct investigations of possible violations of foreign antitrust laws (as defined in section 12 of such Act [[15 U.S.C. 6211](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section6211&num=0&edition=prelim)]). **(j) Investigative assistance for foreign law enforcement agencies** (1) **In general** — Upon a written request from a foreign law enforcement agency to provide assistance in accordance with this subsection, if the requesting agency states that it is investigating, or engaging in enforcement proceedings against, possible violations of laws prohibiting fraudulent or deceptive commercial practices, or other practices substantially similar to practices prohibited by any provision of the laws administered by the Commission, other than Federal antitrust laws (as defined in section 12(5) of the International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance Act of 1994 ([15 U.S.C. 6211(5)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section6211/5&num=0&edition=prelim))), to provide the assistance described in paragraph (2) without requiring that the conduct identified in the request constitute a violation of the laws of the United States. (2) **Type of assistance** — In providing assistance to a foreign law enforcement agency under this subsection, the Commission may— (A) conduct such investigation as the Commission deems necessary to collect information and evidence pertinent to the request for assistance, using all investigative powers authorized by this subchapter; and (B) when the request is from an agency acting to investigate or pursue the enforcement of civil laws, or when the Attorney General refers a request to the Commission from an agency acting to investigate or pursue the enforcement of criminal laws, seek and accept appointment by a United States district court of Commission attorneys to provide assistance to foreign and international tribunals and to litigants before such tribunals on behalf of a foreign law enforcement agency pursuant to [section 1782 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1782&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) **Criteria for determination** — In deciding whether to provide such assistance, the Commission shall consider all relevant factors, including— (A) whether the requesting agency has agreed to provide or will provide reciprocal assistance to the Commission; (B) whether compliance with the request would prejudice the public interest of the United States; and (C) whether the requesting agency’s investigation or enforcement proceeding concerns acts or practices that cause or are likely to cause injury to a significant number of persons. (4) **International agreements** — If a foreign law enforcement agency has set forth a legal basis for requiring execution of an international agreement as a condition for reciprocal assistance, or as a condition for provision of materials or information to the Commission, the Commission, with prior approval and ongoing oversight of the Secretary of State, and with final approval of the agreement by the Secretary of State, may negotiate and conclude an international agreement, in the name of either the United States or the Commission, for the purpose of obtaining such assistance, materials, or information. The Commission may undertake in such an international agreement to— (A) provide assistance using the powers set forth in this subsection; (B) disclose materials and information in accordance with subsection (f) and [section 57b–2(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57b–2/b&num=0&edition=prelim); and (C) engage in further cooperation, and protect materials and information received from disclosure, as authorized by this subchapter. (5) **Additional authority** — The authority provided by this subsection is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other authority vested in the Commission or any other officer of the United States. (6) **Limitation** — The authority granted by this subsection shall not authorize the Commission to take any action or exercise any power with respect to a bank, a savings and loan institution described in [section 57a(f)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/3&num=0&edition=prelim), a Federal credit union described in [section 57a(f)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/4&num=0&edition=prelim), or a common carrier subject to the Act to regulate commerce, except in accordance with the undesignated proviso following the last designated subsection of this section. (7) **Assistance to certain countries** — The Commission may not provide investigative assistance under this subsection to a foreign law enforcement agency from a foreign state that the Secretary of State has determined, in accordance with section 4605(j) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 50, has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism, unless and until such determination is rescinded pursuant to section 4605(j)(4) 1 of title 50. **(k) Referral of evidence for criminal proceedings** (1) **In general** — Whenever the Commission obtains evidence that any person, partnership, or corporation, either domestic or foreign, has engaged in conduct that may constitute a violation of Federal criminal law, to transmit such evidence to the Attorney General, who may institute criminal proceedings under appropriate statutes. Nothing in this paragraph affects any other authority of the Commission to disclose information. (2) **International information** — The Commission shall endeavor to ensure, with respect to memoranda of understanding and international agreements it may conclude, that material it has obtained from foreign law enforcement agencies acting to investigate or pursue the enforcement of foreign criminal laws may be used for the purpose of investigation, prosecution, or prevention of violations of United States criminal laws. **(l) Expenditures for cooperative arrangements** To expend appropriated funds for— Provided, That the exception of “banks, savings and loan institutions described in [section 57a(f)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/3&num=0&edition=prelim), Federal credit unions described in [section 57a(f)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section57a/f/4&num=0&edition=prelim), and common carriers subject to the Act to regulate commerce” from the Commission’s powers defined in subsections (a), (b), and (j) of this section, shall not be construed to limit the Commission’s authority to gather and compile information, to investigate, or to require reports or answers from, any person, partnership, or corporation to the extent that such action is necessary to the investigation of any person, partnership, or corporation, group of persons, partnerships, or corporations, or industry which is not engaged or is engaged only incidentally in banking, in business as a savings and loan institution, in business as a Federal credit union, or in business as a common carrier subject to the Act to regulate commerce. (1) operating expenses and other costs of bilateral and multilateral cooperative law enforcement groups conducting activities of interest to the Commission and in which the Commission participates; and (2) expenses for consultations and meetings hosted by the Commission with foreign government agency officials, members of their delegations, appropriate representatives and staff to exchange views concerning developments relating to the Commission’s mission, development and implementation of cooperation agreements, and provision of technical assistance for the development of foreign consumer protection or competition regimes, such expenses to include necessary administrative and logistic expenses and the expenses of Commission staff and foreign invitees in attendance at such consultations and meetings including— (A) such incidental expenses as meals taken in the course of such attendance; (B) any travel and transportation to or from such meetings; and (C) any other related lodging or subsistence. The Commission shall establish a plan designed to substantially reduce burdens imposed upon small businesses as a result of requirements established by the Commission under clause (b) relating to the filing of quarterly financial reports. Such plan shall (1) be established after consultation with small businesses and persons who use the information contained in such quarterly financial reports; (2) provide for a reduction of the number of small businesses required to file such quarterly financial reports; and (3) make revisions in the forms used for such quarterly financial reports for the purpose of reducing the complexity of such forms. The Commission, not later than December 31, 1980, shall submit such plan to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. Such plan shall take effect not later than October 31, 1981. No officer or employee of the Commission or any Commissioner may publish or disclose information to the public, or to any Federal agency, whereby any line-of-business data furnished by a particular establishment or individual can be identified. No one other than designated sworn officers and employees of the Commission may examine the line-of-business reports from individual firms, and information provided in the line-of-business program administered by the Commission shall be used only for statistical purposes. Information for carrying out specific law enforcement responsibilities of the Commission shall be obtained under practices and procedures in effect on May 28, 1980, or as changed by law. Nothing in this section (other than the provisions of clause (c) and clause (d)) shall apply to the business of insurance, except that the Commission shall have authority to conduct studies and prepare reports relating to the business of insurance. The Commission may exercise such authority only upon receiving a request which is agreed to by a majority of the members of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate or the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives. The authority to conduct any such study shall expire at the end of the Congress during which the request for such study was made.