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19 U.S.C. § 2253 — Action to facilitate positive adjustment to import competition
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Presidential action** If the United States International Trade Commission (hereinafter referred to in this part as the “Commission”) determines under [section 2252(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2252/b&num=0&edition=prelim) that an article is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause of serious injury, or the threat thereof, to the domestic industry producing an article like or directly competitive with the imported article, the President, in accordance with this part, shall take all appropriate and feasible action within his power which the President determines will facilitate efforts by the domestic industry to make a positive adjustment to import competition and provide greater economic and social benefits than costs.
**(b) Positive adjustment to import competition**
(1) For purposes of this part, a positive adjustment to import competition occurs when—
(A) the domestic industry—
(i) is able to compete successfully with imports after actions taken under [section 2254 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2254&num=0&edition=prelim) terminate, or
(ii) the domestic industry experiences an orderly transfer of resources to other productive pursuits; and
(B) dislocated workers in the industry experience an orderly transition to productive pursuits.
(2) The domestic industry may be considered to have made a positive adjustment to import competition even though the industry is not of the same size and composition as the industry at the time the investigation was initiated under [section 2252(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-sectio
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-19/section-2253-action-to-facilitate-positive-adjustment-to-import-competition--377dbe4924.md
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 12, § 2253; chapter-012-trade-act-of-1974.md
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**(a) Presidential action** If the United States International Trade Commission (hereinafter referred to in this part as the “Commission”) determines under [section 2252(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2252/b&num=0&edition=prelim) that an article is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause of serious injury, or the threat thereof, to the domestic industry producing an article like or directly competitive with the imported article, the President, in accordance with this part, shall take all appropriate and feasible action within his power which the President determines will facilitate efforts by the domestic industry to make a positive adjustment to import competition and provide greater economic and social benefits than costs.
**(b) Positive adjustment to import competition**
(1) For purposes of this part, a positive adjustment to import competition occurs when—
(A) the domestic industry—
(i) is able to compete successfully with imports after actions taken under [section 2254 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2254&num=0&edition=prelim) terminate, or
(ii) the domestic industry experiences an orderly transfer of resources to other productive pursuits; and
(B) dislocated workers in the industry experience an orderly transition to productive pursuits.
(2) The domestic industry may be considered to have made a positive adjustment to import competition even though the industry is not of the same size and composition as the industry at the time the investigation was initiated under [section 2252(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2252/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Marking of articles** Except as hereinafter provided, every article of foreign origin (or its container, as provided in subsection (b) hereof) imported into the United States shall be marked in a conspicuous place as legibly, indelibly, and permanently as the nature of the article (or container) will permit in such manner as to indicate to an ultimate purchaser in the United States the English name of the country of origin of the article. The Secretary of the Treasury may by regulations—
(1) Determine the character of words and phrases or abbreviations thereof which shall be acceptable as indicating the country of origin and prescribe any reasonable method of marking, whether by printing, stenciling, stamping, branding, labeling, or by any other reasonable method, and a conspicuous place on the article (or container) where the marking shall appear;
(2) Require the addition of any other words or symbols which may be appropriate to prevent deception or mistake as to the origin of the article or as to the origin of any other article with which such imported article is usually combined subsequent to importation but before delivery to an ultimate purchaser; and
(3) Authorize the exception of any article from the requirements of marking if—
(A) Such article is incapable of being marked;
(B) Such article cannot be marked prior to shipment to the United States without injury;
(C) Such article cannot be marked prior to shipment to the United States, except at an expense economically prohibitive of its importation;
(D) The marking of a container of such article will reasonably indicate the origin of such article;
(E) Such article is a crude substance;
(F) Such article is imported for use by the importer and not intended for sale in its imported or any o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1304
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) National trade estimates**
(1) **In general** — For calendar year 1988, and for each succeeding calendar year, the United States Trade Representative, through the interagency trade organization established pursuant to [section 1872(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1872/a&num=0&edition=prelim) and with the assistance of the interagency advisory committee established under [section 2171(d)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2171/d/2&num=0&edition=prelim), shall—
(A) identify and analyze acts, policies, or practices of each foreign country which constitute significant barriers to, or distortions of—
(i) United States exports of goods or services (including agricultural commodities; and property protected by trademarks, patents, and copyrights exported or licensed by United States persons),
(ii) foreign direct investment by United States persons, especially if such investment has implications for trade in goods or services; 11 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a comma. and
(iii) United States electronic commerce,22 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.
(B) make an estimate of the trade-distorting impact on United States commerce of any act, policy, or practice identified under subparagraph (A); and
(C) make an estimate, if feasible, of—
(i) the value of additional goods and services of the United States,
(ii) the value of additional foreign direct investment by United States persons, and
(iii) the value of additional United States electronic commerce,
that would have been exported to, or invested in or transacted with,,33 So in original. each foreign country during such ca
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2251
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** If—
(1) the administering authority determines that the government of a country or any public entity within the territory of a country is providing, directly or indirectly, a countervailable subsidy with respect to the manufacture, production, or export of a class or kind of merchandise imported, or sold (or likely to be sold) for importation, into the United States, and
(2) in the case of merchandise imported from a Subsidies Agreement country, the Commission determines that—
(A) an industry in the United States—
(i) is materially injured, or
(ii) is threatened with material injury, or
(B) the establishment of an industry in the United States is materially retarded,
by reason of imports of that merchandise or by reason of sales (or the likelihood of sales) of that merchandise for importation,
then there shall be imposed upon such merchandise a countervailing duty, in addition to any other duty imposed, equal to the amount of the net countervailable subsidy. For purposes of this subsection and [section 1671d(b)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1671d/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim), a reference to the sale of merchandise includes the entering into of any leasing arrangement regarding the merchandise that is equivalent to the sale of the merchandise.
**(b) Subsidies Agreement country** For purposes of this subtitle, the term “Subsidies Agreement country” means—
(1) a WTO member country,
(2) a country which the President has determined has assumed obligations with respect to the United States which are substantially equivalent to the obligations under the Subsidies Agreement, or
(3) a country with respect to which the President determines that—
(A) there is an agreement i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1671
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Petitions and adjustment plans**
(1) A petition requesting action under this part for the purpose of facilitating positive adjustment to import competition may be filed with the Commission by an entity, including a trade association, firm, certified or recognized union, or group of workers, which is representative of an industry.
(2) A petition under paragraph (1)—
(A) shall include a statement describing the specific purposes for which action is being sought, which may include facilitating the orderly transfer of resources to more productive pursuits, enhancing competitiveness, or other means of adjustment to new conditions of competition; and
(B) may—
(i) subject to subsection (d)(1)(C)(i), request provisional relief under subsection (d)(1); or
(ii) request provisional relief under subsection (d)(2).
(3) Whenever a petition is filed under paragraph (1), the Commission shall promptly transmit copies of the petition to the Office of the United States Trade Representative and other Federal agencies directly concerned.
(4) A petitioner under paragraph (1) may submit to the Commission and the United States Trade Representative (hereafter in this part referred to as the “Trade Representative”), either with the petition, or at any time within 120 days after the date of filing of the petition, a plan to facilitate positive adjustment to import competition.
(5)
(A) Before submitting an adjustment plan under paragraph (4), the petitioner and other entities referred to in paragraph (1) that wish to participate may consult with the Trade Representative and the officers and employees of any Federal agency that is considered appropriate by the Trade Representative, for purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the proposals being considered for inclusion
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2254
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** By no later than the date that is 30 days after the date on which the annual report is submitted to Congressional committees under [section 2241(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2241/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the United States Trade Representative (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Trade Representative”) shall identify—
(1) those foreign countries that—
(A) deny adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights, or
(B) deny fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection, and
(2) those foreign countries identified under paragraph (1) that are determined by the Trade Representative to be priority foreign countries.
**(b) Special rules for identifications**
(1) In identifying priority foreign countries under subsection (a)(2), the Trade Representative shall only identify those foreign countries—
(A) that have the most onerous or egregious acts, policies, or practices that—
(i) deny adequate and effective intellectual property rights, or
(ii) deny fair and equitable market access to United States persons that rely upon intellectual property protection,
(B) whose acts, policies, or practices described in subparagraph (A) have the greatest adverse impact (actual or potential) on the relevant United States products, and
(C) that are not—
(i) entering into good faith negotiations, or
(ii) making significant progress in bilateral or multilateral negotiations,
to provide adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights.
(2) In identifying priority foreign countries under subsection (a)(2), the Trade Representative shall—
(A) consult with the Register of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2252
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are, through trade agreements affording mutual benefits—
(1) to foster the economic growth of and full employment in the United States and to strengthen economic relations between the United States and foreign countries through open and nondiscriminatory world trade;
(2) to harmonize, reduce, and eliminate barriers to trade on a basis which assures substantially equivalent competitive opportunities for the commerce of the United States;
(3) to establish fairness and equity in international trading relations, including reform of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade;
(4) to provide adequate procedures to safeguard American industry and labor against unfair or injurious import competition, and to assist industries, firm,11 So in original. workers, and communities to adjust to changes in international trade flows;
(5) to open up market opportunities for United States commerce in nonmarket economies; and
(6) to provide fair and reasonable access to products of less developed countries in the United States market.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2112
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this part.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 2354
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Membership** The United States International Trade Commission (referred to in this subtitle as the “Commission”) shall be composed of six commissioners who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. No person shall be eligible for appointment as a commissioner unless he is a citizen of the United States, and, in the judgment of the President, is possessed of qualifications requisite for developing expert knowledge of international trade problems and efficiency in administering the duties and functions of the Commission. A person who has served as a commissioner for more than 5 years (excluding service as a commissioner before January 3, 1975) shall not be eligible for reappointment as a commissioner. Not more than three of the commissioners shall be members of the same political party, and in making appointments members of different political parties shall be appointed alternately as nearly as may be practicable.
**(b) Terms of office** The terms of office of the commissioners holding office on January 3, 1975, which (but for this sentence) would expire on June 16, 1975, June 16, 1976, June 16, 1977, June 16, 1978, June 16, 1979, and June 16, 1980, shall expire on December 16, 1976, June 16, 1978, December 16, 1979, June 16, 1981, December 16, 1982, and June 16, 1984, respectively. The term of office of each commissioner appointed after such date shall expire 9 years from the date of the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed, except that—
(1) any commissioner appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term, and
(2) any commissioner may continue to serve as a commissioner after an
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1330
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Petition requesting monitoring**
(1) **In general** — A domestic producer of an article that is like a component part or a downstream product may petition the administering authority to designate a downstream product for monitoring under subsection (b). The petition shall specify—
(A) the downstream product,
(B) the component product incorporated into such downstream product, and
(C) the reasons for suspecting that the imposition of antidumping or countervailing duties has resulted in a diversion of exports of the component part into increased production and exportation to the United States of such downstream product.
(2) **Determination regarding petition** — Within 14 days after receiving a petition submitted under paragraph (1), the administering authority shall determine—
(A) whether there is a reasonable likelihood that imports into the United States of the downstream product will increase as an indirect result of any diversion with respect to the component part, and
(B) whether—
(i) the component part is already subject to monitoring to aid in the enforcement of a bilateral arrangement (within the meaning of section 804 of the Trade and Tariff Act of 1984),
(ii) merchandise related to the component part and manufactured in the same foreign country in which the component part is manufactured has been the subject of a significant number of investigations suspended under section 1671c or 1673c of this title or countervailing or antidumping duty orders issued under this subtitle or section 1303 11 See References in Text note below. of this title, or
(iii) merchandise manufactured or exported by the manufacturer or exporter of the component part that is similar in description and use to the component part has been the subject of at
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1677i
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Proclamation of increase in, or imposition of, any duty or other import restriction; report to the Congress; adoption of resolution of approval; request for additional information**
(1) After receiving an affirmative finding of the United States International Trade Commission under [section 1901(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1901/b&num=0&edition=prelim) with respect to an industry, the President may proclaim such increase in, or imposition of, any duty or other import restriction on the article causing or threatening to cause serious injury to such industry as he determines to be necessary to prevent or remedy serious injury to such industry.
(2) If the President does not, within 60 days after the date on which he receives such affirmative finding, proclaim the increase in, or imposition of, any duty or other import restriction on such article found and reported by the United States International Trade Commission pursuant to section 1901(e) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title—
(A) he shall immediately submit a report to the House of Representatives and to the Senate stating why he has not proclaimed such increase or imposition, and
(B) such increase or imposition shall take effect (as provided in paragraph (3)) upon the adoption by both Houses of the Congress (within the 60-day period following the date on which the report referred to in subparagraph (A) is submitted to the House of Representatives and the Senate), by the yeas and nays by the affirmative vote of a majority of the authorized membership of each House, of a concurrent resolution stating in effect that the Senate and House of Representatives approve the increase in, or imposition of, any duty or other import restri
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1981
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