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26 U.S.C. § 2523 — Gift to spouse
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of deduction** Where a donor transfers during the calendar year by gift an interest in property to a donee who at the time of the gift is the donor’s spouse, there shall be allowed as a deduction in computing taxable gifts for the calendar year an amount with respect to such interest equal to its value.
**(b) Life estate or other terminable interest** Where, on the lapse of time, on the occurrence of an event or contingency, or on the failure of an event or contingency to occur, such interest transferred to the spouse will terminate or fail, no deduction shall be allowed with respect to such interest—
(1) if the donor retains in himself, or transfers or has transferred (for less than an adequate and full consideration in money or money’s worth) to any person other than such donee spouse (or the estate of such spouse), an interest in such property, and if by reason of such retention or transfer the donor (or his heirs or assigns) or such person (or his heirs or assigns) may possess or enjoy any part of such property after such termination or failure of the interest transferred to the donee spouse; or
(2) if the donor immediately after the transfer to the donee spouse has a power to appoint an interest in such property which he can exercise (either alone or in conjunction with any person) in such manner that the appointee may possess or enjoy any part of such property after such termination or failure of the interest transferred to the donee spouse. For purposes of this paragraph, the donor shall be considered as having immediately after the transfer to the donee spouse such power to appoint even though such power cannot be exercised until after the lapse of time, upon the occurrence of an event or contingency, or on the failure of an event or contingen
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_47f255d94b3e86e4ecb54856
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-26/section-2523-gift-to-spouse--2afd4ddc0f.md
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 12, § 2523; chapter-012-gift-tax.md
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**(a) Allowance of deduction** Where a donor transfers during the calendar year by gift an interest in property to a donee who at the time of the gift is the donor’s spouse, there shall be allowed as a deduction in computing taxable gifts for the calendar year an amount with respect to such interest equal to its value.
**(b) Life estate or other terminable interest** Where, on the lapse of time, on the occurrence of an event or contingency, or on the failure of an event or contingency to occur, such interest transferred to the spouse will terminate or fail, no deduction shall be allowed with respect to such interest—
(1) if the donor retains in himself, or transfers or has transferred (for less than an adequate and full consideration in money or money’s worth) to any person other than such donee spouse (or the estate of such spouse), an interest in such property, and if by reason of such retention or transfer the donor (or his heirs or assigns) or such person (or his heirs or assigns) may possess or enjoy any part of such property after such termination or failure of the interest transferred to the donee spouse; or
(2) if the donor immediately after the transfer to the donee spouse has a power to appoint an interest in such property which he can exercise (either alone or in conjunction with any person) in such manner that the appointee may possess or enjoy any part of such property after such termination or failure of the interest transferred to the donee spouse. For purposes of this paragraph, the donor shall be considered as having immediately after the transfer to the donee spouse such power to appoint even though such power cannot be exercised until after the lapse of time, upon the occurrence of an event or contingency, or on the failure of an event or contingency to occur.
An exercise or release at any time by the donor, either alone or in conjunction with any person, of a power to appoint an interest in property, even though not otherwise a transfer, shall, for purposes of paragraph (1), be considered as a transfer by him. Except as provided in subsection (e), where at the time of the transfer it is impossible to ascertain the particular person or persons who may receive from the donor an interest in property so transferred by him, such interest shall, for purposes of paragraph (1), be considered as transferred to a person other than the donee spouse.
**(c) Interest in unidentified assets** Where the assets out of which, or the proceeds of which, the interest transferred to the donee spouse may be satisfied include a particular asset or assets with respect to which no deduction would be allowed if such asset or assets were transferred from the donor to such spouse, then the value of the interest transferred to such spouse shall, for purposes of subsection (a), be reduced by the aggregate value of such particular assets.
**(d) Joint interests** If the interest is transferred to the donee spouse as sole joint tenant with the donor or as tenant by the entirety, the interest of the donor in the property which exists solely by reason of the possibility that the donor may survive the donee spouse, or that there may occur a severance of the tenancy, shall not be considered for purposes of subsection (b) as an interest retained by the donor in himself.
**(e) Life estate with power of appointment in donee spouse** Where the donor transfers an interest in property, if by such transfer his spouse is entitled for life to all of the income from the entire interest, or all the income from a specific portion thereof, payable annually or at more frequent intervals, with power in the donee spouse to appoint the entire interest, or such specific portion (exercisable in favor of such donee spouse, or of the estate of such donee spouse, or in favor of either, whether or not in each case the power is exercisable in favor of others), and with no power in any other person to appoint any part of such interest, or such portion, to any person other than the donee spouse—
(1) the interest, or such portion, so transferred shall, for purposes of subsection (a) be considered as transferred to the donee spouse, and
(2) no part of the interest, or such portion, so transferred shall, for purposes of subsection (b)(1), be considered as retained in the donor or transferred to any person other than the donee spouse.
This subsection shall apply only if, by such transfer, such power in the donee spouse to appoint the interest, or such portion, whether exercisable by will or during life, is exercisable by such spouse alone and in all events. For purposes of this subsection, the term “specific portion” only includes a portion determined on a fractional or percentage basis.
**(f) Election with respect to life estate for donee spouse**
(1) **In general** — In the case of qualified terminable interest property—
(A) for purposes of subsection (a), such property shall be treated as transferred to the donee spouse, and
(B) for purposes of subsection (b)(1), no part of such property shall be considered as retained in the donor or transferred to any person other than the donee spouse.
(2) **Qualified terminable interest property** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “qualified terminable interest property” means any property—
(A) which is transferred by the donor spouse,
(B) in which the donee spouse has a qualifying income interest for life, and
(C) to which an election under this subsection applies.
(3) **Certain rules made applicable** — For purposes of this subsection, rules similar to the rules of clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of section 2056(b)(7)(B) shall apply and the rules of section 2056(b)(10) shall apply.
(4) **Election**
(A) *Time and manner* — An election under this subsection with respect to any property shall be made on or before the date prescribed by section 6075(b) for filing a gift tax return with respect to the transfer (determined without regard to section 6019(2)) and shall be made in such manner as the Secretary shall by regulations prescribe.
(B) *Election irrevocable* — An election under this subsection, once made, shall be irrevocable.
(5) **Treatment of interest retained by donor spouse**
(A) *In general* — In the case of any qualified terminable interest property—
(i) such property shall not be includible in the gross estate of the donor spouse, and
(ii) any subsequent transfer by the donor spouse of an interest in such property shall not be treated as a transfer for purposes of this chapter.
(B) *Subparagraph (A) not to apply after transfer by donee spouse* — Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any property after the donee spouse is treated as having transferred such property under section 2519, or such property is includible in the donee spouse’s gross estate under section 2044.
(6) **Treatment of joint and survivor annuities** — In the case of a joint and survivor annuity where only the donor spouse and donee spouse have the right to receive payments before the death of the last spouse to die—
(A) the donee spouse’s interest shall be treated as a qualifying income interest for life,
(B) the donor spouse shall be treated as having made an election under this subsection with respect to such annuity unless the donor spouse otherwise elects on or before the date specified in paragraph (4)(A),
(C) paragraph (5) and section 2519 shall not apply to the donor spouse’s interest in the annuity, and
(D) if the donee spouse dies before the donor spouse, no amount shall be includible in the gross estate of the donee spouse under section 2044 with respect to such annuity.
An election under subparagraph (B), once made, shall be irrevocable.
**(g) Special rule for charitable remainder trusts**
(1) **In general** — If, after the transfer, the donee spouse is the only beneficiary who is not a charitable beneficiary (other than the donor) of a qualified charitable remainder trust, subsection (b) shall not apply to the interest in such trust which is transferred to the donee spouse.
(2) **Definitions** — For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “charitable beneficiary” and “qualified charitable remainder trust” have the meanings given to such terms by section 2056(b)(8)(B).
**(h) Denial of double deduction** Nothing in this section or any other provision of this chapter shall allow the value of any interest in property to be deducted under this chapter more than once with respect to the same donor.
**(i) Disallowance of marital deduction where spouse not citizen** If the spouse of the donor is not a citizen of the United States—
(1) no deduction shall be allowed under this section,
(2) section 2503(b) shall be applied with respect to gifts which are made by the donor to such spouse and with respect to which a deduction would be allowable under this section but for paragraph (1) by substituting “$100,000” for “$10,000”, and
(3) the principles of sections 2515 and 2515A (as such sections were in effect before their repeal by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981) shall apply, except that the provisions of such section 2515 providing for an election shall not apply.
This subsection shall not apply to any transfer resulting from the acquisition of rights under a joint and survivor annuity described in subsection (f)(6).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of—
(1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and
(2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),
a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $36,90015% of taxable income. Over $36,900 but not over $89,150$5,535, plus 28% of the excess over $36,900. Over $89,150 but not over $140,000$20,165, plus 31% of the excess over $89,150. Over $140,000 but not over $250,000$35,928.50, plus 36% of the excess over $140,000. Over $250,000$75,528.50, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.
**(b) Heads of households** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $29,60015% of taxable income. Over $29,600 but not over $76,400$4,440, plus 28% of the excess over $29,600. Over $76,400 but not over $127,500$17,544, plus 31% of the excess over $76,400. Over $127,500 but not over $250,000$33,385, plus 36% of the excess over $127,500. Over $250,000$77,485, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.
**(c) Unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of households)** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every individual (other than a surviving spouse as defined in section 2(a) or the head of a household as defined in section 2(b)) who is not a married individual (as defined in section 7703) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $22,10015% of taxable income. Over $22,100 but not over $53,50
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of marital deduction** For purposes of the tax imposed by section 2001, the value of the taxable estate shall, except as limited by subsection (b), be determined by deducting from the value of the gross estate an amount equal to the value of any interest in property which passes or has passed from the decedent to his surviving spouse, but only to the extent that such interest is included in determining the value of the gross estate.
**(b) Limitation in the case of life estate or other terminable interest**
(1) **General rule** — Where, on the lapse of time, on the occurrence of an event or contingency, or on the failure of an event or contingency to occur, an interest passing to the surviving spouse will terminate or fail, no deduction shall be allowed under this section with respect to such interest—
(A) if an interest in such property passes or has passed (for less than an adequate and full consideration in money or money’s worth) from the decedent to any person other than such surviving spouse (or the estate of such spouse); and
(B) if by reason of such passing such person (or his heirs or assigns) may possess or enjoy any part of such property after such termination or failure of the interest so passing to the surviving spouse;
and no deduction shall be allowed with respect to such interest (even if such deduction is not disallowed under subparagraphs (A) and (B))—
(C) if such interest is to be acquired for the surviving spouse, pursuant to directions of the decedent, by his executor or by the trustee of a trust.
For purposes of this paragraph, an interest shall not be considered as an interest which will terminate or fail merely because it is the ownership of a bond, note, or similar contractual obligation, the discharge of which woul
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 2056
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Taxable transfers**
(1) **General rule** — A tax, computed as provided in section 2502, is hereby imposed for each calendar year on the transfer of property by gift during such calendar year by any individual resident or nonresident.
(2) **Transfers of intangible property** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), paragraph (1) shall not apply to the transfer of intangible property by a nonresident not a citizen of the United States.
(3) **Exception**
(A) *Certain individuals* — Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a donor to whom section 877(b) applies for the taxable year which includes the date of the transfer.
(B) *Credit for foreign gift taxes* — The tax imposed by this section solely by reason of this paragraph shall be credited with the amount of any gift tax actually paid to any foreign country in respect of any gift which is taxable under this section solely by reason of this paragraph.
(4) **Transfers to political organizations** — Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the transfer of money or other property to a political organization (within the meaning of section 527(e)(1)) for the use of such organization.
(5) **Transfers of certain stock**
(A) *In general* — In the case of a transfer of stock in a foreign corporation described in subparagraph (B) by a donor to whom section 877(b) applies for the taxable year which includes the date of the transfer—
(i) section 2511(a) shall be applied without regard to whether such stock is situated within the United States, and
(ii) the value of such stock for purposes of this chapter shall be its U.S.-asset value determined under subparagraph (C).
(B) *Foreign corporation described* — A foreign corporation is described in this subparagraph with respect to a donor if—
(i) the donor
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 2501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requirements for qualification** A trust created or organized in the United States and forming part of a stock bonus, pension, or profit-sharing plan of an employer for the exclusive benefit of his employees or their beneficiaries shall constitute a qualified trust under this section—
(1) if contributions are made to the trust by such employer, or employees, or both, or by another employer who is entitled to deduct his contributions under section 404(a)(3)(B) (relating to deduction for contributions to profit-sharing and stock bonus plans), or by a charitable remainder trust pursuant to a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined in section 664(g)(1)), for the purpose of distributing to such employees or their beneficiaries the corpus and income of the fund accumulated by the trust in accordance with such plan;
(2) if under the trust instrument it is impossible, at any time prior to the satisfaction of all liabilities with respect to employees and their beneficiaries under the trust, for any part of the corpus or income to be (within the taxable year or thereafter) used for, or diverted to, purposes other than for the exclusive benefit of his employees or their beneficiaries (but this paragraph shall not be construed, in the case of a multiemployer plan, to prohibit the return of a contribution within 6 months after the plan administrator determines that the contribution was made by a mistake of fact or law (other than a mistake relating to whether the plan is described in section 401(a) or the trust which is part of such plan is exempt from taxation under section 501(a), or the return of any withdrawal liability payment determined to be an overpayment within 6 months of such determination));
(3) if the plan of which such trust is a part satisfies the requireme
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit** For purposes of this part—
(1) **In general** — The alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for any taxable year shall be the credit which would be determined under section 27 for such taxable year if—
(A) the pre-credit tentative minimum tax were the tax against which such credit was taken for purposes of section 904 for the taxable year and all prior taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986,
(B) section 904 were applied on the basis of alternative minimum taxable income instead of taxable income, and
(C) the determination of whether any income is high-taxed income for purposes of section 904(d)(2) were made on the basis of the applicable rate specified in section 55(b)(1) in lieu of the highest rate of tax specified in section 1.
(2) **Pre-credit tentative minimum tax** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “pre-credit tentative minimum tax” means the amount determined under the first sentence of section 55(b)(1)(A).
(3) **Election to use simplified section 904 limitation**
(A) *In general* — In determining the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit for any taxable year to which an election under this paragraph applies—
(i) subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall not apply, and
(ii) the limitation of section 904 shall be based on the proportion which—
(I) the taxpayer’s taxable income (as determined for purposes of the regular tax) from sources without the United States (but not in excess of the taxpayer’s entire alternative minimum taxable income), bears to
(II) the taxpayer’s entire alternative minimum taxable income for the taxable year.
(B) *Election*
(i) *In general* — An election under this paragraph may be made only for the taxpayer’s first taxa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 59
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2647
TITLE 26—INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
§ 2523
exemption under section 501(c)(3) by reason of attempt-
ing to influence legislation’’ for ‘‘no substantial part of
the activities of which is carrying on propaganda, or
otherwise attempting, to influence legislation’’ after
‘‘shareholder or individual’’ and inserted ‘‘or to foster
national or international amateur sports competition
(but only if no part of its activities involve the provi-
sion of athletic facilities or equipment)’’ after ‘‘or edu-
cational purposes’’.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1902(a)(12)(D), struck
out ‘‘Territory’’ after ‘‘any State’’.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1307(d)(1)(B)(v), sub-
stituted ‘‘which is not disqualified for tax exemption
under section 501(c)(3) by reason of attempting to influ-
ence legislation’’ for ‘‘no substantial part of the activi-
ties of which is carrying on propaganda, or otherwise
attempting, to influence legislation’’ after ‘‘share-
holder or individual’’.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 2124(e)(3), substituted
‘‘(other
than
an
interest
described
in
section
170(f)(3)(B))’’ for ‘‘(other than a remainder interest in a
personal residence or farm or an undivided portion of
the donor’s entire interest in property)’’ after ‘‘an in-
terest in property’’.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1902(a)(11), substituted
subsec. (d) for former subsec. (d), pars. (1) through (10),
which dealt with cross references to specific exemp-
tions and rules of construction for gifts to the United
States and its instrumentalities.
1970—Pub. L. 91–614 substituted ‘‘quarter’’ for ‘‘year’’
in three places.
1969—Subsecs. (a)(2), (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 91–172,
§ 201(d)(4)(C), (D), inserted non-participation and non-
intervention in political campaigns as an addition
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 26 U.S.C. § 2523
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