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42 U.S.C. § 16298d — Carbon utilization program
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall carry out a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercialization relating to carbon utilization.
**(b) Activities** Under the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
(1) assess and monitor—
(A) potential changes in lifecycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and
(B) other environmental safety indicators of new technologies, practices, processes, or methods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part of the activities authorized under [section 16293 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16293&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) identify and evaluate novel uses for carbon (including conversion of carbon oxides) that, on a full lifecycle basis, achieve a permanent reduction, or avoidance of a net increase, in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, for use in commercial and industrial products such as—
(A) chemicals;
(B) plastics;
(C) building materials;
(D) fuels;
(E) cement;
(F) products of coal utilization in power systems or in other applications; and
(G) other products with demonstrated market value;
(3) identify and assess carbon capture technologies for industrial systems; and
(4) identify and assess alternative uses for coal that result in zero net emissions of carbon dioxide or other pollutants, including products derived from carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion methods.
**(c) Prioritization** In supporting demonstration and commercialization research under the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall prioritize consideration of projects that—
(1) have access to a carbon dioxide emissions
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-16298d-carbon-utilization-program--09e73862ee.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 149, § 16298d; chapter-149-national-energy-policy-and-programs.md
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**(a) In general** The Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall carry out a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercialization relating to carbon utilization.
**(b) Activities** Under the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall—
(1) assess and monitor—
(A) potential changes in lifecycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and
(B) other environmental safety indicators of new technologies, practices, processes, or methods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part of the activities authorized under [section 16293 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16293&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) identify and evaluate novel uses for carbon (including conversion of carbon oxides) that, on a full lifecycle basis, achieve a permanent reduction, or avoidance of a net increase, in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, for use in commercial and industrial products such as—
(A) chemicals;
(B) plastics;
(C) building materials;
(D) fuels;
(E) cement;
(F) products of coal utilization in power systems or in other applications; and
(G) other products with demonstrated market value;
(3) identify and assess carbon capture technologies for industrial systems; and
(4) identify and assess alternative uses for coal that result in zero net emissions of carbon dioxide or other pollutants, including products derived from carbon engineering, carbon fiber, and coal conversion methods.
**(c) Prioritization** In supporting demonstration and commercialization research under the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall prioritize consideration of projects that—
(1) have access to a carbon dioxide emissions stream generated by a stationary source in the United States that is capable of supplying not less than 250 metric tons per day of carbon dioxide for research;
(2) have access to equipment for testing small-scale carbon dioxide utilization technologies, with onsite access to larger test bays for scale-up; and
(3) have 1 or more existing partnerships with a National Laboratory, an institution of higher education, a private company, or a State or other government entity.
**(d) Coordination** The Secretary shall coordinate the activities authorized under this section with the activities authorized in [section 16298a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16298a&num=0&edition=prelim) as part of a single consolidated program of the Department.
**(e) Authorization of appropriations** There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000, to remain available until expended.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “International Nuclear Energy Act of 2025”.
**(b) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Advanced nuclear reactor** — The term “advanced nuclear reactor” has the meaning given the term in [section 16271(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16271/b&num=0&edition=prelim), except that, for purposes of this section, the reference to “reactors operating on December 27, 2020” in paragraph (1)(A) of that section shall be deemed to read “reactors operating in the United States on December 27, 2020”.
(2) **Ally or partner nation** — The term “ally or partner nation” means—
(A) the Government of any country that is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development;
(B) the Government of the Republic of India; and
(C) the Government of any country designated as an ally or partner nation by the Secretary of State for purposes of this section.
(3) **Appropriate committees of Congress** — The term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—
(A) the Committees on Foreign Relations, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate; and
(B) the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Science, Space, and Technology, and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.
(4) **Associated entity** — The term “associated entity” means an entity that—
(A) is owned, controlled, or operated by—
(i) an ally or partner nation; or
(ii) an associated individual; or
(B) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a country described in paragraph (2), including a corporation that is incorporated in a country described in that paragraph.
(5) **Associated individual** — T
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16293
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of oil and gas, including—
(1) exploration and production;
(2) gas hydrates;
(3) reservoir life and extension;
(4) transportation and distribution infrastructure;
(5) ultraclean fuels;
(6) heavy oil, oil shale, and tar sands; and
(7) related environmental research.
**(b) Objectives** The objectives of this program shall include advancing the science and technology available to domestic petroleum producers, particularly independent operators, to minimize the economic dislocation caused by the decline of domestic supplies of oil and natural gas resources.
**(c) Natural gas and oil deposits report** Not later than 2 years after August 8, 2005, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit to Congress a report on the latest estimates of natural gas and oil reserves, reserves growth, and undiscovered resources in Federal and State waters off the coast of Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and Mississippi.
**(d) Integrated clean power and energy research**
(1) **Establishment of center** — The Secretary shall establish a national center or consortium of excellence in clean energy and power generation, using the resources of the Clean Power and Energy Research Consortium in existence on August 8, 2005, to address the critical dependence of the United States on energy and the need to reduce emissions.
(2) **Focus areas** — The center or consortium shall conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application on integrating the following 6 focus areas:
(A) Efficiency and reliability of gas turbines for power generation.
(B) Reduction
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16298a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Critical material** — The term “critical material” has the meaning given the term in [section 1606 of title 30](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title30-section1606&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Economically distressed area** — The term “economically distressed area” means an area described in [section 3161(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section3161/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Eligible entity** — The term “eligible entity” means—
(A) an institution of higher education, including a minority-serving institution;
(B) a National Laboratory;
(C) a Federal research agency;
(D) a State research agency;
(E) a research agency associated with a territory or freely associated state;
(F) a Tribal energy development organization;
(G) an Indian Tribe;
(H) a Tribal organization;
(I) a Native Hawaiian community-based organization;
(J) a nonprofit research organization;
(K) an industrial entity;
(L) any other entity, as determined by the Secretary; and
(M) a consortium of 2 or more entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (L).
(4) **Indian Tribe** — The term “Indian Tribe” has the meaning given the term in [section 5304 of title 25](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section5304&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Institution of higher education** — The term “institution of higher education” means—
(A) an institution of higher education (as defined in [section 1001(a) of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001/a&num=0&edition=prelim)); or
(B) a postsecondary vocational institution (as defined in [section 1002(c) of title 20](ht
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16253
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 8857
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 16298d
(2) Limitations
(A) In general
The term of any employee appointed under
paragraph (1)(A) shall not exceed 3 years.
(B) Full-time employees
Not more than 10 full-time employees ap-
pointed under paragraph (1)(A) may be em-
ployed at the National Energy Technology
Laboratory at any given time.
(b) Laboratory-directed research and develop-
ment
(1) In general
Beginning in fiscal year 2021, the National
Energy Technology Laboratory shall be eligi-
ble for laboratory-directed research and devel-
opment funding.
(2) Authorization of funding
(A) In general
Each fiscal year, of funds made available
to the National Energy Technology Labora-
tory, the Secretary may deposit an amount,
not to exceed the rate made available to the
National
Laboratories
for
laboratory-di-
rected research and development, in a spe-
cial fund account.
(B) Use
Amounts in the account under subpara-
graph (A) shall only be available for labora-
tory-directed research and development.
(C) Requirements
The account under subparagraph (A)—
(i) shall be administered by the Sec-
retary;
(ii) shall be available without fiscal year
limitation; and
(iii) shall not be subject to appropria-
tion.
(3) Requirement
The Director shall carry out laboratory-di-
rected research and development activities at
the National Energy Technology Laboratory
consistent with Department of Energy Order
413.2C, dated August 2, 2018 (or a successor
order).
(4) Annual report on use of authority
Annually, the Secretary shall submit to the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
of the Senate and the Committee on Science,
Space, and Technology of the House of Rep-
resentatives a report on the use of the author-
ity provided under this subsecti
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