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21 U.S.C. § 959 — Possession, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substance

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

21 U.S.C. § 959 — Possession, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substance

**(a) Manufacture or distribution for purpose of unlawful importation** It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture or distribute a controlled substance in schedule I or II or flunitrazepam or a listed chemical intending, knowing, or having reasonable cause to believe that such substance or chemical will be unlawfully imported into the United States or into waters within a distance of 12 miles of the coast of the United States. **(b) Manufacture or distribution of listed chemical for purpose of manufacture or unlawful importation of controlled substance** It shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture or distribute a listed chemical— (1) intending or knowing that the listed chemical will be used to manufacture a controlled substance; and (2) intending, knowing, or having reasonable cause to believe that the controlled substance will be unlawfully imported into the United States. **(c) Possession, manufacture, or distribution by person on board aircraft** It shall be unlawful for any United States citizen on board any aircraft, or any person on board an aircraft owned by a United States citizen or registered in the United States, to— (1) manufacture or distribute a controlled substance or listed chemical; or (2) possess a controlled substance or listed chemical with intent to distribute. **(d) Acts committed outside territorial jurisdiction of United States** This section is intended to reach acts of manufacture or distribution committed outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States.

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-21/section-959-possession-manufacture-or-distribution-of-controlled-substance--51df10314c.md
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Source location: Title 21, Chapter 13, § 959; chapter-013-drug-abuse-prevention-and-control.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

21 U.S.C. § 951 — Definitions

**(a)** For purposes of this subchapter— (1) The term “import” means, with respect to any article, any bringing in or introduction of such article into any area (whether or not such bringing in or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the tariff laws of the United States). (2) The term “customs territory of the United States” has the meaning assigned to such term by general note 2 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. **(b)** Each term defined in [section 802 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section802&num=0&edition=prelim) shall have the same meaning for purposes of this subchapter as such term has for purposes of subchapter I.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 1 — Repealed. Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 218(a)(1), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2027]

### Statutory Notes Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense. #### Effective Date of Repeal Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim). #### Short Title of 2026 Amendment Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.” #### Short Title of 2024 Amendment Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.” Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1654 — Short title

This chapter may be cited as the “Tariff Act of 1930.”

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

21 U.S.C. § 801 — Congressional findings and declarations: controlled substances

The Congress makes the following findings and declarations: (1) Many of the drugs included within this subchapter have a useful and legitimate medical purpose and are necessary to maintain the health and general welfare of the American people. (2) The illegal importation, manufacture, distribution, and possession and improper use of controlled substances have a substantial and detrimental effect on the health and general welfare of the American people. (3) A major portion of the traffic in controlled substances flows through interstate and foreign commerce. Incidents of the traffic which are not an integral part of the interstate or foreign flow, such as manufacture, local distribution, and possession, nonetheless have a substantial and direct effect upon interstate commerce because— (A) after manufacture, many controlled substances are transported in interstate commerce, (B) controlled substances distributed locally usually have been transported in interstate commerce immediately before their distribution, and (C) controlled substances possessed commonly flow through interstate commerce immediately prior to such possession. (4) Local distribution and possession of controlled substances contribute to swelling the interstate traffic in such substances. (5) Controlled substances manufactured and distributed intrastate cannot be differentiated from controlled substances manufactured and distributed interstate. Thus, it is not feasible to distinguish, in terms of controls, between controlled substances manufactured and distributed interstate and controlled substances manufactured and distributed intrastate. (6) Federal control of the intrastate incidents of the traffic in controlled substances is essential to the effective control of the interstate incidents

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

21 U.S.C. § 960 — Prohibited acts A

**(a) Unlawful acts** Any person who— (1) contrary to section 825, 952, 953, or 957 of this title, knowingly or intentionally imports or exports a controlled substance, (2) contrary to [section 955 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section955&num=0&edition=prelim), knowingly or intentionally brings or possesses on board a vessel, aircraft, or vehicle a controlled substance, or (3) contrary to [section 959 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title21-section959&num=0&edition=prelim), manufactures, possesses with intent to distribute, or distributes a controlled substance, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b). **(b) Penalties** (1) In the case of a violation of subsection (a) of this section involving— (A) 1 kilogram or more of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of heroin; (B) 5 kilograms or more of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of— (i) coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives of ecgonine or their salts have been removed; (ii) cocaine, its salts, optical and geometric isomers, and salts or isomers; (iii) ecgonine, its derivatives, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers; or (iv) any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of any of the substances referred to in clauses (i) through (iii); (C) 280 grams or more of a mixture or substance described in subparagraph (B) which contains cocaine base; (D) 100 grams or more of phencyclidine (PCP) or 1 kilogram or more of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of phencyclidine (PCP); (E) 10 grams or more of a mixture or substance containing a detecta

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

21 U.S.C. § 959 — Possession, manufacture, or distribution of

Page 900 TITLE 21—FOOD AND DRUGS § 959 CODIFICATION In subsecs. (a) and (d), ‘‘May 1, 1971’’ substituted for ‘‘the effective date of this section’’ and ‘‘the effective date of this part’’, respectively. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 117–215, § 103(b)(2)(A), sub- stituted ‘‘823(e)’’ for ‘‘823(d)’’. Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–215, § 103(b)(2)(B), sub- stituted ‘‘823(i)’’ for ‘‘823(h)’’. 2004—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–447, which directed amendment of subsec. (f) of section 1088 of the Con- trolled Substances Import and Export Act by inserting ‘‘and control’’ after ‘‘the registration’’ and substituting ‘‘listed chemicals’’ for ‘‘list I chemicals under this sec- tion’’, was executed to subsec. (f) of this section, which is section 1008 of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1993—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–200, § 3(f)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2). Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 103–200, § 3(f)(2)(A), inserted ‘‘or list I chemical or chemicals,’’ after ‘‘substances,’’. Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 103–200, § 3(f)(2)(B), inserted ‘‘or list I chemicals’’ after ‘‘controlled substances’’ wher- ever appearing. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–200, § 3(f)(3), inserted reference to section 830 of this title. Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 103–200, § 3(f)(4), inserted ‘‘or list I chemicals’’ after ‘‘controlled substances’’. 1986—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–570 substituted ‘‘sec- tions’’ for first reference to ‘‘section’’. 1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473, § 524, substituted ‘‘Registration granted under this section shall not enti- tle a registrant to import or export controlled sub- stances other than specified in the registration’’ for ‘‘Registration granted under subsection (a) o

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