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10 U.S.C. § 155 — Joint Staff
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appointment of Officers to Joint Staff.—**
(1) There is a Joint Staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff assists the Chairman and, subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Chairman, the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out their responsibilities.
(2) Officers of the armed forces (other than the Coast Guard) assigned to serve on the Joint Staff shall be selected by the Chairman in approximately equal numbers from—
(A) the Army;
(B) the Navy and the Marine Corps; and
(C) the Air Force and the Space Force.
(3) Selection of officers of an armed force to serve on the Joint Staff shall be made by the Chairman from a list of officers submitted by the Secretary of the military department having jurisdiction over that armed force. Each officer whose name is submitted shall be among those officers considered to be the most outstanding officers of that armed force. The Chairman may specify the number of officers to be included on any such list.
**(b) Director.—** The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, after consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, may select an officer to serve as Director of the Joint Staff.
**(c) Management of Joint Staff.—** The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manages the Joint Staff and the Director of the Joint Staff. The Joint Staff shall perform such duties as the Chairman prescribes and shall perform such duties under such procedures as the Chairman prescribes.
**(d) Operation of Joint Staff.—** The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Joint Staff is independently organized and operated so that the Joint Staff supports the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in meeting the congr
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Source location: Title 10, Chapter 5, § 155; chapter-005-joint-chiefs-of-staff.md
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**(a) Appointment of Officers to Joint Staff.—**
(1) There is a Joint Staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff assists the Chairman and, subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Chairman, the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out their responsibilities.
(2) Officers of the armed forces (other than the Coast Guard) assigned to serve on the Joint Staff shall be selected by the Chairman in approximately equal numbers from—
(A) the Army;
(B) the Navy and the Marine Corps; and
(C) the Air Force and the Space Force.
(3) Selection of officers of an armed force to serve on the Joint Staff shall be made by the Chairman from a list of officers submitted by the Secretary of the military department having jurisdiction over that armed force. Each officer whose name is submitted shall be among those officers considered to be the most outstanding officers of that armed force. The Chairman may specify the number of officers to be included on any such list.
**(b) Director.—** The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, after consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and with the approval of the Secretary of Defense, may select an officer to serve as Director of the Joint Staff.
**(c) Management of Joint Staff.—** The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manages the Joint Staff and the Director of the Joint Staff. The Joint Staff shall perform such duties as the Chairman prescribes and shall perform such duties under such procedures as the Chairman prescribes.
**(d) Operation of Joint Staff.—** The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that the Joint Staff is independently organized and operated so that the Joint Staff supports the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in meeting the congressional purpose set forth in the last clause of section 2 of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 3002](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3002&num=0&edition=prelim)) to provide—
(1) for the unified strategic direction of the combatant forces;
(2) for their operation under unified command; and
(3) for their integration into an efficient team of land, naval, and air forces.
**(e) Prohibition of Function as Armed Forces General Staff.—** The Joint Staff shall not operate or be organized as an overall Armed Forces General Staff and shall have no executive authority. The Joint Staff may be organized and may operate along conventional staff lines.
**(f) Tour of Duty of Joint Staff Officers.—**
(1) An officer who is assigned or detailed to permanent duty on the Joint Staff may not serve for a tour of duty of more than four years. However, such a tour of duty may be extended with the approval of the Secretary of Defense.
(2) In accordance with procedures established by the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff may suspend from duty and recommend the reassignment of any officer assigned to the Joint Staff. Upon receipt of such a recommendation, the Secretary concerned shall promptly reassign the officer.
(3) An officer completing a tour of duty with the Joint Staff may not be assigned or detailed to permanent duty on the Joint Staff within two years after relief from that duty except with the approval of the Secretary.
(4) Paragraphs (1) and (3) do not apply—
(A) in time of war; or
(B) during a national emergency declared by the President or Congress.
**(g) Composition of Joint Staff.—**
(1) The Joint Staff is composed of all members of the armed forces and civilian employees assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the executive part of the Department of Defense to perform the functions and duties prescribed under subsections (a) and (c).
(2) The Joint Staff does not include members of the armed forces or civilian employees assigned or detailed to permanent duty in a military department.
**(h) Personnel Limitations.—**
(1) The total number of members of the armed forces and civilian employees assigned or detailed to permanent duty for the Joint Staff may not exceed 2,250.
(2) Not more than 1,500 members of the armed forces on the active-duty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty for the Joint Staff.
(3) The limitations in paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply in time of war.
(4) Each limitation in paragraphs (1) and (2) may be exceeded by a number equal to 15 percent of such limitation in time of national emergency.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 542
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the People’s Republic of China appears to be specifically targeting the Chinese-American community for intelligence purposes;
(2) such targeting carries a substantial risk that the loyalty of such Americans may be generally questioned and lead to unacceptable stereotyping, targeting, and racial profiling;
(3) the United States Government has a duty to warn and protect all Americans including those of Chinese descent from these intelligence efforts by the People’s Republic of China;
(4) the broad stereotyping, targeting, and racial profiling of Americans of Chinese descent is contrary to the values of the United States and reinforces the flawed narrative perpetuated by the People’s Republic of China that ethnically Chinese individuals worldwide have a duty to support the People’s Republic of China; and
(5) the United States efforts to combat the People’s Republic of China’s intelligence activities should actively safeguard and promote the constitutional rights of all Chinese Americans.
**(b) Report** On an annual basis, the Director of National Intelligence, acting through the Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy, and Transparency, in coordination with the civil liberties and privacy officers of the elements of the intelligence community, shall submit a report to the congressional intelligence committees containing—
(1) a review of how the policies, procedures, and practices of the intelligence community that govern the intelligence activities and operations targeting the People’s Republic of China affect policies, procedures, and practices relating to the privacy, civil liberties, and civil rights of Americans of Chinese descent who may be targets of espionage and influence operations by China; and
(2
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 3002
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, added Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, § 511(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1717, related to Assistants to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for National Guard matters and Reserve matters.
#### Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to those formerly contained in this section were contained in Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title IX, § 901, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1853, which was set out as a note under [section 155 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section155&num=0&edition=prelim), prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–239, § 511(c).
#### Retention of Grade of Incumbents in Positions on Effective Date
Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, § 502(tt), as added by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title V, § 506(a)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1374, provided that: “The grade of service of an officer serving as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016, see below] in a position whose statutory grade is affected by an amendment made by this section [see Tables for classification] may not be reduced after that date by reason of such amendment as long as the officer remains in continuous service in such position after that date.”
[Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title V, § 506(a)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1374, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [enacting section 502(tt) of Pub. L. 114–328, set out above] shall take effect as of December 23, 2016, and be treated as if included in the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328).” ]
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 442a, comprising section 1102 of the National Security Act of 1947, act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, was editorially reclassified as [section 3232 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3232&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** To assure that medical care is available for dependents, as described in subparagraphs (A), (D), and (I) of [section 1072(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1072/2&num=0&edition=prelim), of members of the uniformed services who are on active duty for a period of more than 30 days, the Secretary of Defense, after consulting with the other administering Secretaries, shall contract, under the authority of this section, for medical care for those persons under such insurance, medical service, or health plans as he considers appropriate. The types of health care authorized under this section shall be the same as those provided under [section 1076 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1076&num=0&edition=prelim), except as follows:
(1) With respect to dental care—
(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), only that care required as a necessary adjunct to medical or surgical treatment may be provided; and
(B) in connection with dental treatment for patients with developmental, mental, or physical disabilities or for pediatric patients age 5 or under, only institutional and anesthesia services may be provided.
(2) Consistent with such regulations as the Secretary of Defense may prescribe regarding the content of health promotion and disease prevention visits, the schedule and method of cervical cancer screenings and breast cancer screenings, the schedule and method of colon and prostate cancer screenings, and the types and schedule of immunizations—
(A) for dependents under six years of age, both health promotion and disease prevention visits and immunizations may be provided; and
(B) for dependents six years of age or older, health promotion an
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1079
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Availability of Conversion Health Policies.—** The Secretary of Defense shall inform each person who has been a dependent for a period of one year or more under [section 1072(2)(H) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1072/2/H&num=0&edition=prelim) of the availability of a conversion health policy for purchase by the person. A conversion health policy offered under this subsection shall provide coverage for not less than a 24-month period.
**(b) Effect of Purchase.—**
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), if a person who is a dependent for a one-year period under [section 1072(2)(H) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1072/2/H&num=0&edition=prelim) purchases a conversion health policy within that period (or within a reasonable time after that period as prescribed by the Secretary of Defense), the person shall continue to be eligible for medical and dental care in the manner described in [section 1076 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1076&num=0&edition=prelim) and health benefits under [section 1086 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1086&num=0&edition=prelim) until the end of the 24-month period beginning on the later of—
(A) the date the person is no longer a dependent under [section 1072(2)(H) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1072/2/H&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) the date of the purchase of the policy.
(2) The extended period of eligibility provided under paragraph (1) shall apply only with regard to a condition of the person that—
(A) exists on the date on which coverage under th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1086a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requirement for Programs.—** The Secretary concerned shall carry out a special separation benefits program under this section. An eligible member of the armed forces may request separation under the program. The request shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary.
**(b) Benefits.—** Upon the approval of the request of an eligible member, the member shall—
(1) be released from active duty or full-time National Guard duty or discharged, as the case may be; and
(2) be entitled to—
(A) separation pay equal to 15 percent of the product of (i) the member’s years of active service, and (ii) 12 times the monthly basic pay to which the member is entitled at the time of his discharge or release from active duty; and
(B) the same benefits and services as are provided under chapter 58 of this title, sections 452 and 453(c) of title 37, and section 503(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (104 Stat. 1558; [37 U.S.C. 476](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title37-section476&num=0&edition=prelim) 11 See References in Text note below. note) for members of the armed forces who are involuntarily separated within the meaning of [section 1141 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1141&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Eligibility.—** Subject to subsections (d) and (e), a member of an armed force is eligible for voluntary separation under a program established for that armed force pursuant to this section if the member—
(1) has not been approved for payment of a voluntary separation incentive under [section 1175 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1175&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) has served on active duty or ful
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1174a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** There shall be paid from the Fund—
(1) retired pay payable to members on the retired lists of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, and Space Force 11 See 2021 Amendment notes below. and payments under section 1413a, 1414, or 1415 of this title paid to such members;
(2) retired pay payable under chapter 1223 of this title to former members of the armed forces;
(3) retainer pay payable to members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve;
(4) benefits payable under programs under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security that provide annuities for survivors of members and former members of the armed forces, including chapter 73 of this title, section 4 of Public Law 92–425, and section 5 of Public Law 96–402; and
(5) amounts payable under [section 1408(h) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section1408/h&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** The assets of the Fund are hereby made available for payments under subsection (a).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1463
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Except during a period of active hostilities involving the armed forces, the total amount of reimbursable liabilities that the United States may accrue under this subchapter (before the computation of offsetting balances) with other member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, subsidiary bodies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or from the United Nations Organization or any regional international organization of which the United States is a member may not exceed $200,000,000 in any fiscal year, and of such amount not more than $50,000,000 in liabilities may be accrued for the acquisition of supplies.
(2) Except during a period of active hostilities involving the armed forces, the total amount of reimbursable liabilities that the United States may accrue under this subchapter (before the computation of offsetting balances) with a country which is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, but with which the United States has one or more acquisition or cross-servicing agreements, may not exceed $60,000,000 in any fiscal year, and of such amount not more than $20,000,000 in liabilities may be accrued for the acquisition of supplies. The $60,000,000 limitation specified in this paragraph is in addition to the limitation specified in paragraph (1).
**(b)**
(1) Except during a period of active hostilities involving the armed forces, the total amount of reimbursable credits that the United States may accrue under this subchapter (before the computation of offsetting balances) with other member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, subsidiary bodies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or from the United Nations Organization or any regional international organization of which the United States is a member
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2347
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Reuse Studies.—** Whenever the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of the military department concerned publicly announces that a military installation is a candidate for closure or that a final decision has been made to close a military installation and the Secretary of Defense determines, because of the location, facilities, or other particular characteristics of the installation, that the installation may be suitable for some specific Federal, State, or local use potentially beneficial to the Nation, the Secretary of Defense may conduct such studies, including the preparation of an environmental impact statement in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ([42 U.S.C. 4321](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4321&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), in connection with such installation and such potential use as may be necessary to provide information sufficient to make sound conclusions and recommendations regarding the possible use of the installation.
**(b) Adjustment and Diversification Assistance.—**
(1) The Secretary of Defense may make grants, conclude cooperative agreements, and supplement funds available under Federal programs administered by agencies other than the Department of Defense in order to assist State and local governments in planning community adjustments and economic diversification required (A) by the proposed or actual establishment, realignment, or closure of a military installation, (B) by the cancellation or termination of a Department of Defense contract or the failure to proceed with an approved major weapon system program, (C) by a publicly announced planned major reduction in Department of Defense spending that would directly and adversely affect a community, (D) by the en
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