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10 U.S.C. § 3531 — Multiyear contracts: acquisition of services
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authority.—** Subject to subsections (d) and (e), the head of an agency may enter into contracts for periods of not more than five years for services described in subsection (b), and for items of supply related to such services, for which funds would otherwise be available for obligation only within the fiscal year for which appropriated whenever the head of the agency finds that—
(1) there will be a continuing requirement for the services consonant with current plans for the proposed contract period;
(2) the furnishing of such services will require a substantial initial investment in plant or equipment, or the incurrence of substantial contingent liabilities for the assembly, training, or transportation of a specialized work force; and
(3) the use of such a contract will promote the best interests of the United States by encouraging effective competition and promoting economies in operation.
**(b) Covered Services.—** The authority under subsection (a) applies to the following types of services:
(1) Operation, maintenance, and support of facilities and installations.
(2) Maintenance or modification of aircraft, ships, vehicles, and other highly complex military equipment.
(3) Specialized training necessitating high quality instructor skills (for example, pilot and air crew members; foreign language training).
(4) Base services (for example, ground maintenance; in-plane refueling; bus transportation; refuse collection and disposal).
(5) Environmental remediation services for—
(A) an active military installation;
(B) a military installation being closed or realigned under a base closure law; or
(C) a site formerly used by the Department of Defense.
**(c) Applicable Principles.—** In entering into multiyear contracts for services under the authori
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-10/section-3531-multiyear-contracts-acquisition-of-services--acca981a16.md
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Source location: Title 10, Chapter 249, § 3531; chapter-249-multiyear-contracts.md
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**(a) Authority.—** Subject to subsections (d) and (e), the head of an agency may enter into contracts for periods of not more than five years for services described in subsection (b), and for items of supply related to such services, for which funds would otherwise be available for obligation only within the fiscal year for which appropriated whenever the head of the agency finds that—
(1) there will be a continuing requirement for the services consonant with current plans for the proposed contract period;
(2) the furnishing of such services will require a substantial initial investment in plant or equipment, or the incurrence of substantial contingent liabilities for the assembly, training, or transportation of a specialized work force; and
(3) the use of such a contract will promote the best interests of the United States by encouraging effective competition and promoting economies in operation.
**(b) Covered Services.—** The authority under subsection (a) applies to the following types of services:
(1) Operation, maintenance, and support of facilities and installations.
(2) Maintenance or modification of aircraft, ships, vehicles, and other highly complex military equipment.
(3) Specialized training necessitating high quality instructor skills (for example, pilot and air crew members; foreign language training).
(4) Base services (for example, ground maintenance; in-plane refueling; bus transportation; refuse collection and disposal).
(5) Environmental remediation services for—
(A) an active military installation;
(B) a military installation being closed or realigned under a base closure law; or
(C) a site formerly used by the Department of Defense.
**(c) Applicable Principles.—** In entering into multiyear contracts for services under the authority of this section, the head of the agency shall be guided by the following principles:
(1) The portion of the cost of any plant or equipment amortized as a cost of contract performance should not exceed the ratio between the period of contract performance and the anticipated useful commercial life of such plant or equipment. Useful commercial life, for this purpose, means the commercial utility of the facilities rather than the physical life thereof, with due consideration given to such factors as location of facilities, specialized nature thereof, and obsolescence.
(2) Consideration shall be given to the desirability of obtaining an option to renew the contract for a reasonable period not to exceed three years, at prices not to include charges for plant, equipment and other nonrecurring costs, already amortized.
(3) Consideration shall be given to the desirability of reserving in the agency the right, upon payment of the unamortized portion of the cost of the plant or equipment, to take title thereto under appropriate circumstances.
**(d) Restrictions Applicable Generally.—**
(1) The head of an agency may not initiate under this section a contract for services that includes an unfunded contingent liability in excess of $20,000,000 unless the congressional defense committees are notified of the proposed contract at least 30 days in advance of the award of the proposed contract.
(2) The head of an agency may not initiate a multiyear contract for services under this section if the value of the multiyear contract would exceed $500,000,000 unless authority for the contract is specifically provided by law.
(3) The head of an agency may not terminate a multiyear procurement contract for services until 10 days after the date on which notice of the proposed termination is provided to the congressional defense committees.
(4) Before any contract described in subsection (a) that contains a clause setting forth a cancellation ceiling in excess of $100,000,000 may be awarded, the head of the agency concerned shall give written notification of the proposed contract and of the proposed cancellation ceiling for that contract to the congressional defense committees, and such contract may not then be awarded until the end of a period of 30 days beginning on the date of such notification.
(5) In the case of a contract described in subsection (a) with a cancellation ceiling described in paragraph (4), if the budget for the contract does not include proposed funding for the costs of contract cancellation up to the cancellation ceiling established in the contract, the head of the agency concerned shall give written notification to the congressional defense committees of—
(A) the cancellation ceiling amounts planned for each program year in the proposed multiyear procurement contract, together with the reasons for the amounts planned;
(B) the extent to which costs of contract cancellation are not included in the budget for the contract; and
(C) a financial risk assessment of not including budgeting for costs of contract cancellation.
**(e) Cancellation or Termination for Insufficient Funding After First Year.—** In the event that funds are not made available for the continuation of a multiyear contract for services into a subsequent fiscal year, the contract shall be canceled or terminated, and the costs of cancellation or termination may be paid from—
(1) appropriations originally available for the performance of the contract concerned;
(2) appropriations currently available for procurement of the type of services concerned, and not otherwise obligated; or
(3) funds appropriated for those payments.
**(f) Multiyear Contract Defined.—** For the purposes of this section, a multiyear contract is a contract for the purchase of services for more than one, but not more than five, program years. Such a contract may provide that performance under the contract during the second and subsequent years of the contract is contingent upon the appropriation of funds and (if it does so provide) may provide for a cancellation payment to be made to the contractor if such appropriations are not made.
**(g)** Repealed. Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VIII, § 843(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1553.]
**(h) Military Installation Defined.—** In this section, the term “military installation” has the meaning given such term in [section 2801(c)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2801/c/4&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of the military department concerned may detail regular or reserve members of an armed force under his jurisdiction (including retired members and members of the Fleet Reserve and Fleet Marine Corps Reserve recalled to active duty with their consent) for instructional and administrative duties at educational institutions where units of the program are maintained. The Secretary of the Air Force may detail members of the Space Force in the same manner as regular and reserve members of the Air Force.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2111
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** No officer of an armed force on active duty may accept employment if that employment requires him to be separated from his organization, branch, or unit, or interferes with the performance of his military duties.
**(b)**
(1) This subsection applies—
(A) to a regular officer of an armed force on the active-duty list (and a regular officer of the Coast Guard on the active duty promotion list);
(B) to a retired regular officer of an armed force serving on active duty under a call or order to active duty for a period in excess of 270 days;
(C) to a reserve officer of an armed force serving on active duty under a call or order to active duty for a period in excess of 270 days; and
(D) to an officer on the Space Force officer list serving on active duty under [section 20105(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section20105/b&num=0&edition=prelim) or under a call or order to active duty for a period in excess of 270 days.
(2)
(A) Except as otherwise authorized by law, an officer to whom this subsection applies may not hold, or exercise the functions of, a civil office in the Government of the United States—
(i) that is an elective office;
(ii) that requires an appointment by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; or
(iii) that is a position in the Executive Schedule under sections 5312 through 5317 of title 5.
(B) An officer to whom this subsection applies may hold or exercise the functions of a civil office in the Government of the United States that is not described in subparagraph (A) when assigned or detailed to that office or to perform those functions.
(3) Except as otherwise authorized by law, an officer to whom this subsection applies by reason of sub
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 973
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Secretary of the Army may appoint the leader of the Army band from the warrant officers of the Regular Army. The leader serves during the pleasure of the Secretary and may be returned to his former status in the discretion of the Secretary.
**(b)** Repealed. Pub. L. 87–649, § 14c(5), Sept. 7, 1962, 76 Stat. 501.]
**(c)** Upon retirement, the leader of the Army band has the grade of warrant officer, with the retired pay to which he would have been entitled had he not been appointed leader.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 7216
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Defense Acquisition System.—** In this part, the term “defense acquisition system” means—
(1) the workforce engaged in carrying out the acquisition of property and services for the Department of Defense;
(2) the management structure responsible for directing and overseeing the acquisition of property and services for the Department of Defense; and
(3) the statutory, regulatory, and policy framework that guides the acquisition of property and services for the Department of Defense.
**(b) Element of the Defense Acquisition System.—** In this part, the term “element of the defense acquisition system” means an organization that—
(1) employs members of the acquisition workforce;
(2) carries out acquisition functions; and
(3) focuses primarily on acquisition.
**(c) Acquisition.—** In this part, the term “acquisition” has the meaning provided in [section 131 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section131&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 3001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as provided in [section 12402(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section12402/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may assign to duty in the National Guard Bureau as many regular or reserve officers of the Army or Air Force as he considers necessary.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 10507
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Commissioned officers of the Army, Navy, and Air Force may be detailed for duty with the American National Red Cross, by the Secretary of the military department concerned, as follows:
(1) for duty with the Service to the Armed Forces Division—
(A) one or more officers of the Army Medical Department;
(B) one or more officers of the Medical Department of the Navy; and
(C) one or more officers selected from among medical officers, dental officers, veterinary officers, medical service officers, nurses, and medical specialists of the Air Force; and
(2) to be in charge of the first-aid department—
(A) an officer of the Medical Corps of the Army;
(B) an officer of the Medical Corps of the Navy; or
(C) a medical officer of the Air Force.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 711a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 2306, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 130; Pub. L. 87–653, § 1(d), (e), Sept. 10, 1962, 76 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 90–378, § 1, July 5, 1968, 82 Stat. 289; Pub. L. 90–512, Sept. 25, 1968, 82 Stat. 863; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 511(77), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 97–86, title IX, §§ 907(b), 909(b), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1117, 1118; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, § 2724, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1192; Pub. L. 99–145, title XIII, § 1303(a)(15), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 739; Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(c) [title X, § 952(b)(1), (c)(1)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–169, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(c) [title X, § 952(b)(1), (c)(1)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–169; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, § 952(b)(1), (c)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3949, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, § 3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, § 805(a), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1488; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title VIII, § 808, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1593; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(d)(3), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §§ 1021, 1022(b), title IV, §§ 4102(b), 4401(c), title VIII, § 8105(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3257, 3260, 3340, 3348, 3392; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, § 1073(a)(45), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1902; Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title VIII, § 802(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–205; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title VIII, § 842, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1552; Pub. L. 112–81, div. B, title XXVIII, § 2801(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1684; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(c)(4), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1865; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1817(b), (c), (e), (g)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4186, 4187, rel
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2306 to 2307
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Public-Private Competition.—**
(1) No function of the Department of Defense performed by Department of Defense civilian employees may be converted, in whole or in part, to performance by a contractor unless the conversion is based on the results of a public-private competition that—
(A) formally compares the cost of performance of the function by Department of Defense civilian employees with the cost of performance by a contractor;
(B) creates an agency tender, including a most efficient organization plan, in accordance with Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76, as implemented on May 29, 2003, or any successor circular;
(C) includes the issuance of a solicitation;
(D) determines whether the submitted offers meet the needs of the Department of Defense with respect to factors other than cost, including quality, reliability, and timeliness;
(E) examines the cost of performance of the function by Department of Defense civilian employees and the cost of performance of the function by one or more contractors to demonstrate whether converting to performance by a contractor will result in savings to the Government over the life of the contract, including—
(i) the estimated cost to the Government (based on offers received) for performance of the function by a contractor;
(ii) the estimated cost to the Government for performance of the function by Department of Defense civilian employees; and
(iii) an estimate of all other costs and expenditures that the Government would incur because of the award of such a contract;
(F) requires continued performance of the function by Department of Defense civilian employees unless the difference in the cost of performance of the function by a contractor compared to the cost of performance of the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 2461
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
See Codification note set out under [section 3531 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section3531&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 3532 to 3535
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment.—** There is established a United States Space Force as an armed force within the Department of the Air Force.
**(b) Composition.—** The Space Force consists of—
(1) the Regular Space Force;
(2) all persons appointed or enlisted in, or conscripted into, the Space Force, including those not assigned to units, necessary to form the basis for a complete and immediate mobilization for the national defense in the event of a national emergency; and
(3) all Space Force units and other Space Force organizations, including installations and supporting and auxiliary combat, training, administrative, and logistic elements.
**(c) Functions.—** The Space Force shall be organized, trained, and equipped to—
(1) provide freedom of operation for the United States in, from, and to space;
(2) conduct space operations; and
(3) protect the interests of the United States in space.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 9081
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