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38 U.S.C. § 7251 — Status

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 7251 — Status

There is hereby established, under Article I of the Constitution of the United States, a court of record to be known as the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-38/section-7251-status--03187e7961.md
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Source location: Title 38, Chapter 72, § 7251; chapter-072-united-states-court-of-appeals-for-veterans-claims.md

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There is hereby established, under Article I of the Constitution of the United States, a court of record to be known as the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 7105 — Filing of appeal

**(a)** Appellate review shall be initiated by the filing of a notice of disagreement in the form prescribed by the Secretary. Each appellant will be accorded hearing and representation rights pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and regulations of the Secretary. **(b)** (1) (A) Except in the case of simultaneously contested claims, a notice of disagreement shall be filed within one year from the date of the issuance of notice of the decision of the agency of original jurisdiction pursuant to section 5104, 5104B, or 5108 of this title. (B) A notice of disagreement postmarked before the expiration of the one-year period shall be accepted as timely filed. (C) A question as to timeliness or adequacy of the notice of disagreement shall be decided by the Board. (2) (A) Notices of disagreement shall be in writing, shall identify the specific determination with which the claimant disagrees, and may be filed by the claimant, the claimant’s legal guardian, or such accredited representative, attorney, or authorized agent as may be selected by the claimant or legal guardian. (B) Not more than one recognized organization, attorney, or agent may be recognized at any one time in the prosecution of a claim. (C) Notices of disagreement shall be filed with the Board. (3) The notice of disagreement shall indicate whether the claimant requests— (A) a hearing before the Board, which shall include an opportunity to submit evidence in accordance with [section 7113(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section7113/b&num=0&edition=prelim); (B) an opportunity to submit additional evidence without a hearing before the Board, which shall include an opportunity to submit evidence in accordance with [section 7113(c)

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 7105

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 7291 — Date when Court decision becomes final

**(a)** A decision of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims shall become final upon the expiration of the time allowed for filing, under [section 7292 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section7292&num=0&edition=prelim), a notice of appeal from such decision, if no such notice is duly filed within such time. If such a notice is filed within such time, such a decision shall become final— (1) upon the expiration of the time allowed for filing a petition for certiorari with the Supreme Court of the United States, if the decision of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims is affirmed or the appeal is dismissed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and no petition for certiorari is duly filed; (2) upon the denial of a petition for certiorari, if the decision of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims is affirmed or the appeal is dismissed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; or (3) upon the expiration of 30 days from the date of issuance of the mandate of the Supreme Court, if that Court directs that the decision of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims be affirmed or the appeal dismissed. **(b)** (1) If the Supreme Court directs that the decision of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims be modified or reversed, the decision of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims rendered in accordance with the mandate of the Supreme Court shall become final upon the expiration of 30 days from the time it was rendered, unless within such 30 days either the Secretary or the petitioner has instituted proceedings to have such decision corrected to accord with the mandate, in which event the decision of the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims shall become final w

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 7291

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 5904 — Recognition of agents and attorneys generally

**(a) Recognition.—** (1) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the Secretary may recognize any individual as an agent or attorney for the preparation, presentation, and prosecution of claims under laws administered by the Secretary. (2) The Secretary shall prescribe in regulations (consistent with the Model Rules of Professional Conduct of the American Bar Association) qualifications and standards of conduct for individuals recognized under this section, including a requirement that, as a condition of being so recognized, an individual must— (A) show that such individual is of good moral character and in good repute, is qualified to render claimants valuable service, and is otherwise competent to assist claimants in presenting claims; (B) have such level of experience or specialized training as the Secretary shall specify; and (C) certify to the Secretary that the individual has satisfied any qualifications and standards prescribed by the Secretary under this section. (3) The Secretary shall prescribe in regulations requirements that each agent or attorney recognized under this section provide annually to the Secretary information about any court, bar, or Federal or State agency to which such agent or attorney is admitted to practice or otherwise authorized to appear, any relevant identification number or numbers, and a certification by such agent or attorney that such agent or attorney is in good standing in every jurisdiction where the agent or attorney is admitted to practice or otherwise authorized to appear. (4) The Secretary may not recognize an individual as an agent or attorney under paragraph (1) if such individual has been suspended or disbarred by any court, bar, or Federal or State agency to which the individual was previously admitted to practi

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 5904

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 2412 — Costs and fees

**(a)** (1) Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, a judgment for costs, as enumerated in [section 1920 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1920&num=0&edition=prelim), but not including the fees and expenses of attorneys, may be awarded to the prevailing party in any civil action brought by or against the United States or any agency or any official of the United States acting in his or her official capacity in any court having jurisdiction of such action. A judgment for costs when taxed against the United States shall, in an amount established by statute, court rule, or order, be limited to reimbursing in whole or in part the prevailing party for the costs incurred by such party in the litigation. (2) A judgment for costs, when awarded in favor of the United States in an action brought by the United States, may include an amount equal to the filing fee prescribed under [section 1914(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1914/a&num=0&edition=prelim). The preceding sentence shall not be construed as requiring the United States to pay any filing fee. **(b)** Unless expressly prohibited by statute, a court may award reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys, in addition to the costs which may be awarded pursuant to subsection (a), to the prevailing party in any civil action brought by or against the United States or any agency or any official of the United States acting in his or her official capacity in any court having jurisdiction of such action. The United States shall be liable for such fees and expenses to the same extent that any other party would be liable under the common law or under the terms of any statute which specifically provides f

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 2412

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 5107 — Claimant responsibility; benefit of the doubt

**(a) Claimant Responsibility.—** Except as otherwise provided by law, a claimant has the responsibility to present and support a claim for benefits under laws administered by the Secretary. **(b) Benefit of the Doubt.—** The Secretary shall consider all information and lay and medical evidence of record in a case before the Secretary with respect to benefits under laws administered by the Secretary. When there is an approximate balance of positive and negative evidence regarding any issue material to the determination of a matter, the Secretary shall give the benefit of the doubt to the claimant.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 5107

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 5108 — Supplemental claims

**(a) In General.—** If new and relevant evidence is presented or secured with respect to a supplemental claim, the Secretary shall readjudicate the claim taking into consideration all of the evidence of record. **(b) Duty to Assist.—** (1) If a claimant, in connection with a supplemental claim, reasonably identifies existing records, whether or not in the custody of a Federal department or agency, the Secretary shall assist the claimant in obtaining the records in accordance with [section 5103A of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section5103a&num=0&edition=prelim). (2) Assistance under paragraph (1) shall not be predicated upon a finding that new and relevant evidence has been presented or secured.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 5108

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 5109 — Independent medical opinions

**(a)** When, in the judgment of the Secretary, expert medical opinion, in addition to that available within the Department, is warranted by the medical complexity or controversy involved in a case being considered by the Department, the Secretary may secure an advisory medical opinion from one or more independent medical experts who are not employees of the Department. **(b)** The Secretary shall make necessary arrangements with recognized medical schools, universities, or clinics to furnish such advisory medical opinions. Any such arrangement shall provide that the actual selection of the expert or experts to give the advisory opinion in an individual case shall be made by an appropriate official of such institution. **(c)** The Secretary shall furnish a claimant with notice that an advisory medical opinion has been requested under this section with respect to the claimant’s case and shall furnish the claimant with a copy of such opinion when it is received by the Secretary. **(d)** (1) The Board of Veterans’ Appeals shall remand a claim to direct the agency of original jurisdiction to obtain an advisory medical opinion from an independent medical expert under this section if the Board finds that the Veterans Benefits Administration should have exercised its discretion to obtain such an opinion. (2) The Board’s remand instructions shall include the questions to be posed to the independent medical expert providing the advisory medical opinion.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 5109

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 5905 — Penalty for certain acts

Whoever wrongfully withholds from any claimant or beneficiary any part of a benefit or claim allowed and due to the claimant or beneficiary, shall be fined as provided in title 18, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 5905

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 7101 — Composition of Board of Veterans’ Appeals

**(a)** There is in the Department a Board of Veterans’ Appeals (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Board”). The Board is under the administrative control and supervision of a chairman directly responsible to the Secretary. The Board shall consist of a Chairman, a Vice Chairman, and such number of members as may be found necessary in order to conduct hearings and dispose of appeals properly before the Board in a timely manner. The Board shall have such other professional, administrative, clerical, and stenographic personnel as are necessary in conducting hearings and considering and disposing of appeals properly before the Board. The Board shall have sufficient personnel under the preceding sentence to enable the Board to conduct hearings and consider and dispose of appeals properly before the Board in a timely manner. **(b)** (1) The Chairman shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of six years. The Chairman shall be subject to the same ethical and legal limitations and restrictions concerning involvement in political activities as apply to judges of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims. (2) The Chairman may be removed by the President for misconduct, inefficiency, neglect of duty, or engaging in the practice of law or for physical or mental disability which, in the opinion of the President, prevents the proper execution of the Chairman’s duties. The Chairman may not be removed from office by the President on any other grounds. Any such removal may only be made after notice and opportunity for hearing. (3) The Chairman may be appointed under this subsection to more than one term. If, upon the expiration of the term of office for which the Chairman was appointed, the position of

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 7101

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

38 U.S.C. § 7103 — Reconsideration; correction of obvious errors

**(a)** The decision of the Board determining a matter under [section 7102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title38-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim) is final unless the Chairman orders reconsideration of the decision in accordance with subsection (b). Such an order may be made on the Chairman’s initiative or upon motion of the claimant. **(b)** (1) Upon the order of the Chairman for reconsideration of the decision in a case, the case shall be referred— (A) in the case of a matter originally decided by a single member of the Board, to a panel of not less than three members of the Board; or (B) in the case of a matter originally decided by a panel of members of the Board, to an enlarged panel of the Board. (2) A panel referred to in paragraph (1) may not include the member, or any member of the panel, that made the decision subject to reconsideration. (3) A panel reconsidering a case under this subsection shall render its decision after reviewing the entire record before the Board. The decision of the panel shall be made by a majority vote of the members of the panel. The decision of the panel shall constitute the final decision of the Board. **(c)** The Board on its own motion may correct an obvious error in the record, without regard to whether there has been a motion or order for reconsideration.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 38 U.S.C. § 7103

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