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48 U.S.C. § 1824 — Relations between courts of United States and courts of Northern Mariana Islands; applicability of statutory provisions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The relations between the courts established by the Constitution or laws of the United States and the courts of the Northern Mariana Islands with respect to appeals, certiorari, removal of causes, the issuance of writs of habeas corpus, and other matters or proceedings shall be governed by the laws of the United States pertaining to the relations between the courts of the United States including the Supreme Court of the United States, and the courts of the several States in such matters and proceedings, except as otherwise provided in article IV of the covenant: Provided, That for the first fifteen years following the establishment of an appellate court of the Northern Mariana Islands the United States court of appeals for the judicial circuit which includes the Northern Mariana Islands shall have jurisdiction of appeals from all final decisions of the highest court of the Northern Mariana Islands from which a decision could be had in all cases involving the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, or any authority exercised thereunder, unless those cases are reviewable in the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands pursuant to [section 1823 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title48-section1823&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Those portions of title 28 which apply to Guam or the District Court of Guam shall be applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands or the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, respectively, except as otherwise provided in article IV of the covenant. The district court established by this subchapter shall be a district court as that term is used in [section 3006A of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3006A&num=0&edition=
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_3adb00ee22635f21d8669101
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-48/section-1824-relations-between-courts-of-united-states-and-courts-of-northern-mariana--b464de580d.md
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Passage SHA-256: 1d50b234eb6862663e0b902501a528430a6d3c3cd1d4720ac29320a41efbb37a
Source location: Title 48, Chapter 17, § 1824; chapter-017-northern-mariana-islands.md
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**(a)** The relations between the courts established by the Constitution or laws of the United States and the courts of the Northern Mariana Islands with respect to appeals, certiorari, removal of causes, the issuance of writs of habeas corpus, and other matters or proceedings shall be governed by the laws of the United States pertaining to the relations between the courts of the United States including the Supreme Court of the United States, and the courts of the several States in such matters and proceedings, except as otherwise provided in article IV of the covenant: Provided, That for the first fifteen years following the establishment of an appellate court of the Northern Mariana Islands the United States court of appeals for the judicial circuit which includes the Northern Mariana Islands shall have jurisdiction of appeals from all final decisions of the highest court of the Northern Mariana Islands from which a decision could be had in all cases involving the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, or any authority exercised thereunder, unless those cases are reviewable in the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands pursuant to [section 1823 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title48-section1823&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Those portions of title 28 which apply to Guam or the District Court of Guam shall be applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands or the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, respectively, except as otherwise provided in article IV of the covenant. The district court established by this subchapter shall be a district court as that term is used in [section 3006A of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3006A&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This subchapter shall come into force upon its approval or at the time proclaimed by the President for the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands to become effective, whichever is the later date.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 48 U.S.C. § 1825
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) District Court of Guam; unified court system**
(1) The judicial authority of Guam shall be vested in a court established by Congress designated as the “District Court of Guam”, and a judicial branch of Guam which branch shall constitute a unified judicial system and include an appellate court designated as the “Supreme Court of Guam”, a trial court designated as the “Superior Court of Guam”, and such other lower local courts as may have been or shall hereafter be established by the laws of Guam.
(2) The Supreme Court of Guam may, by rules of such court, create divisions of the Superior Court of Guam and other local courts of Guam.
(3) The courts of record for Guam shall be the District Court of Guam, the Supreme Court of Guam, the Superior Court of Guam (except the Traffic and Small Claims divisions of the Superior Court of Guam) and any other local courts or divisions of local courts that the Supreme Court of Guam shall designate.
**(b) Jurisdiction** The District Court of Guam shall have the jurisdiction of a district court of the United States, including, but not limited to, the diversity jurisdiction provided for in [section 1332 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1332&num=0&edition=prelim), and that of a bankruptcy court of the United States.
**(c) Original jurisdiction** In addition to the jurisdiction described in subsection (b), the District Court of Guam shall have original jurisdiction in all other causes in Guam, jurisdiction over which is not then vested by the legislature in another court or other courts established by it. In causes brought in the district court solely on the basis of this subsection, the district court shall be considered a court established by the laws of Guam for the purpos
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 48 U.S.C. § 1424
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appellate jurisdiction of District Court** Prior to the establishment of an appellate court for the Northern Mariana Islands the district court shall have such appellate jurisdiction over the courts established by the Constitution or laws of the Northern Mariana Islands as the Constitution and laws of the Northern Mariana Islands provide, except that such Constitution and laws may not preclude the review of any judgment or order which involves the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, including the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America (90 Stat. 263) (hereinafter referred to as “Covenant”), or any authority exercised thereunder by an officer or agency of the Government of the United States, or the conformity of any law enacted by the legislature of the Northern Mariana Islands or of any orders or regulations issued or actions taken by the executive branch of the government of the Northern Mariana Islands with the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, including the Covenant or with any authority exercised thereunder by an officer or agency of the United States.
**(b) Appellate division of District Court; quorum; presiding judge; designation of judges; decisions** Appeals to the district court shall be heard and determined by an appellate division of the court consisting of three judges, of whom two shall constitute a quorum. The judge appointed for the court by the President shall be the presiding judge of the appellate division and shall preside therein unless disqualified or otherwise unable to act. The other judges who are to sit in the appellate division at any session shall be designated by the presiding judge from among the judges assigned to t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 48 U.S.C. § 1823
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, the text of which is as follows, is hereby approved.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 48 U.S.C. § 1801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Choice of Plan.—** Each United States district court, with the approval of the judicial council of the circuit, shall place in operation throughout the district a plan for furnishing representation for any person financially unable to obtain adequate representation in accordance with this section. Representation under each plan shall include counsel and investigative, expert, and other services necessary for adequate representation. Each plan shall provide the following:
(1) Representation shall be provided for any financially eligible person who—
(A) is charged with a felony or a Class A misdemeanor;
(B) is a juvenile alleged to have committed an act of juvenile delinquency as defined in [section 5031 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section5031&num=0&edition=prelim);
(C) is charged with a violation of probation;
(D) is under arrest, when such representation is required by law;
(E) is charged with a violation of supervised release or faces modification, reduction, or enlargement of a condition, or extension or revocation of a term of supervised release;
(F) is subject to a mental condition hearing under chapter 313 of this title;
(G) is in custody as a material witness;
(H) is entitled to appointment of counsel under the sixth amendment to the Constitution;
(I) faces loss of liberty in a case, and Federal law requires the appointment of counsel; or
(J) is entitled to the appointment of counsel under [section 4109 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section4109&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) Whenever the United States magistrate judge or the court determines that the interests of justice so require, representation may be provided for any f
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 3006A
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 207
TITLE 48—TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS
§ 1824
Constitution and laws of the Northern Mariana
Islands provide, except that such Constitution
and laws may not preclude the review of any
judgment or order which involves the Constitu-
tion, treaties, or laws of the United States, in-
cluding the Covenant to Establish a Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Polit-
ical Union with the United States of America (90
Stat. 263) (hereinafter referred to as ‘‘Cov-
enant’’), or any authority exercised thereunder
by an officer or agency of the Government of the
United States, or the conformity of any law en-
acted by the legislature of the Northern Mar-
iana Islands or of any orders or regulations
issued or actions taken by the executive branch
of the government of the Northern Mariana Is-
lands with the Constitution, treaties, or laws of
the United States, including the Covenant or
with any authority exercised thereunder by an
officer or agency of the United States.
(b) Appellate division of District Court; quorum;
presiding judge; designation of judges; deci-
sions
Appeals to the district court shall be heard
and determined by an appellate division of the
court consisting of three judges, of whom two
shall constitute a quorum. The judge appointed
for the court by the President shall be the pre-
siding judge of the appellate division and shall
preside therein unless disqualified or otherwise
unable to act. The other judges who are to sit in
the appellate division at any session shall be
designated by the presiding judge from among
the judges assigned to the court from time to
time pursuant to section 1821(b)(2) of this title:
Provided, That no more than one of them may be
a judge of a court of record of the Northern Mar-
iana Islan
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 48 U.S.C. § 1824
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