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11 U.S.C. § 350 — Closing and reopening cases
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** After an estate is fully administered and the court has discharged the trustee, the court shall close the case.
**(b)** A case may be reopened in the court in which such case was closed to administer assets, to accord relief to the debtor, or for other cause.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-11/section-350-closing-and-reopening-cases--2103272e3e.md
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Source location: Title 11, Chapter 3, § 350; chapter-003-case-administration.md
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**(a)** After an estate is fully administered and the court has discharged the trustee, the court shall close the case.
**(b)** A case may be reopened in the court in which such case was closed to administer assets, to accord relief to the debtor, or for other cause.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this title the following definitions shall apply:
(1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized.
(2) The term “affiliate” means—
(A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities—
(i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or
(ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote;
(C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or
(D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement.
(3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A discharge under section 727, 1141, 1192 11 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma. 1228(a), 1228(b), or 1328(b) of this title does not discharge an individual debtor from any debt—
(1) for a tax or a customs duty—
(A) of the kind and for the periods specified in section 507(a)(3) or 507(a)(8) of this title, whether or not a claim for such tax was filed or allowed;
(B) with respect to which a return, or equivalent report or notice, if required—
(i) was not filed or given; or
(ii) was filed or given after the date on which such return, report, or notice was last due, under applicable law or under any extension, and after two years before the date of the filing of the petition; or
(C) with respect to which the debtor made a fraudulent return or willfully attempted in any manner to evade or defeat such tax;
(2) for money, property, services, or an extension, renewal, or refinancing of credit, to the extent obtained by—
(A) false pretenses, a false representation, or actual fraud, other than a statement respecting the debtor’s or an insider’s financial condition;
(B) use of a statement in writing—
(i) that is materially false;
(ii) respecting the debtor’s or an insider’s financial condition;
(iii) on which the creditor to whom the debtor is liable for such money, property, services, or credit reasonably relied; and
(iv) that the debtor caused to be made or published with intent to deceive; or
(C)
(i) for purposes of subparagraph (A)—
(I) consumer debts owed to a single creditor and aggregating more than $500 22 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts notes below. for luxury goods or services incurred by an individual debtor on or within 90 days before the order for relief under this title are pr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 523
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** After notice and a hearing, the trustee may abandon any property of the estate that is burdensome to the estate or that is of inconsequential value and benefit to the estate.
**(b)** On request of a party in interest and after notice and a hearing, the court may order the trustee to abandon any property of the estate that is burdensome to the estate or that is of inconsequential value and benefit to the estate.
**(c)** Unless the court orders otherwise, any property scheduled under [section 521(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section521/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim) not otherwise administered at the time of the closing of a case is abandoned to the debtor and administered for purposes of [section 350 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section350&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d)** Unless the court orders otherwise, property of the estate that is not abandoned under this section and that is not administered in the case remains property of the estate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 554
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** If a trustee dies or resigns during a case, fails to qualify under [section 322 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section322&num=0&edition=prelim), or is removed under [section 324 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section324&num=0&edition=prelim), creditors may elect, in the manner specified in [section 702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section702&num=0&edition=prelim), a person to fill the vacancy in the office of trustee.
**(b)** Pending election of a trustee under subsection (a) of this section, if necessary to preserve or prevent loss to the estate, the United States trustee may appoint an interim trustee in the manner specified in section 701(a).
**(c)** If creditors do not elect a successor trustee under subsection (a) of this section or if a trustee is needed in a case reopened under [section 350 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section350&num=0&edition=prelim), then the United States trustee—
(1) shall appoint one disinterested person that is a member of the panel of private trustees established under [section 586(a)(1) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section586/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim) to serve as trustee in the case; or
(2) may, if none of the disinterested members of such panel is willing to serve as trustee, serve as trustee in the case.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 11 U.S.C. § 703
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 72
TITLE 11—BANKRUPTCY
§ 350
preserved under section 510(c)(2), 522(i)(2), or
551 of this title; and
(C) any lien voided under section 506(d) of
this title;
(2) vacates any order, judgment, or transfer
ordered, under section 522(i)(1), 542, 550, or 553
of this title; and
(3) revests the property of the estate in the
entity in which such property was vested im-
mediately before the commencement of the
case under this title.
(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2569; Pub. L.
98–353, title III, § 303, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 352;
Pub. L. 103–394, title V, § 501(d)(6), Oct. 22, 1994,
108 Stat. 4144.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
LEGISLATIVE STATEMENTS
Section 349(b)(2) of the House amendment adds a
cross reference to section 553 to reflect the new right of
recovery of setoffs created under that section. Cor-
responding changes are made throughout the House
amendment.
SENATE REPORT NO. 95–989
Subsection (a) specifies that unless the court for
cause orders otherwise, the dismissal of a case is with-
out prejudice. The debtor is not barred from receiving
a discharge in a later case of debts that were discharge-
able in the case dismissed. Of course, this subsection
refers only to pre-discharge dismissals. If the debtor
has already received a discharge and it is not revoked,
then the debtor would be barred under section 727(a)
from receiving a discharge in a subsequent liquidation
case for six years. Dismissal of an involuntary on the
merits will generally not give rise to adequate cause so
as to bar the debtor from further relief.
Subsection (b) specifies that the dismissal reinstates
proceedings or custodianships that were superseded by
the bankruptcy case, reinstates avoided transfers, rein-
states voided liens, vacates any order, judg
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 11 U.S.C. § 350
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