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19 U.S.C. § 1623 — Bonds and other security
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requirement of bond by regulation** In any case in which bond or other security is not specifically required by law, the Secretary of the Treasury may by regulation or specific instruction require, or authorize customs officers to require, such bonds or other security as he, or they, may deem necessary for the protection of the revenue or to assure compliance with any provision of law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service may be authorized to enforce.
**(b) Conditions and form of bond** Whenever a bond is required or authorized by a law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce, the Secretary of the Treasury may—
(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, prescribe the conditions and form of such bond and the manner in which the bond may be filed with or, pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system, transmitted to the Customs Service, and fix the amount of penalty thereof, whether for the payment of liquidated damages or of a penal sum: Provided, That when a consolidated bond authorized by paragraph 4 of this subsection is taken, the Secretary of the Treasury may fix the penalty of such bond without regard to any other provision of law, regulation, or instruction.
(2) Provide for the approval of the sureties on such bond, without regard to any general provision of law.
(3) Authorize the execution of a term bond the conditions of which shall extend to and cover similar cases of importations over such period of time, not to exceed one year, or such longer period as he may fix when in his opinion special circumstances existing in a particular instance require such longer period.
(4) Authorize, to the extent that he ma
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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 4, § 1623; chapter-004-tariff-act-of-1930.md
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**(a) Requirement of bond by regulation** In any case in which bond or other security is not specifically required by law, the Secretary of the Treasury may by regulation or specific instruction require, or authorize customs officers to require, such bonds or other security as he, or they, may deem necessary for the protection of the revenue or to assure compliance with any provision of law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service may be authorized to enforce.
**(b) Conditions and form of bond** Whenever a bond is required or authorized by a law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce, the Secretary of the Treasury may—
(1) Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, prescribe the conditions and form of such bond and the manner in which the bond may be filed with or, pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system, transmitted to the Customs Service, and fix the amount of penalty thereof, whether for the payment of liquidated damages or of a penal sum: Provided, That when a consolidated bond authorized by paragraph 4 of this subsection is taken, the Secretary of the Treasury may fix the penalty of such bond without regard to any other provision of law, regulation, or instruction.
(2) Provide for the approval of the sureties on such bond, without regard to any general provision of law.
(3) Authorize the execution of a term bond the conditions of which shall extend to and cover similar cases of importations over such period of time, not to exceed one year, or such longer period as he may fix when in his opinion special circumstances existing in a particular instance require such longer period.
(4) Authorize, to the extent that he may deem necessary, the taking of a consolidated bond (single entry or term), in lieu of separate bonds to assure compliance with two or more provisions of law, regulations, or instructions which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce. A consolidated bond taken pursuant to the authority contained in this subsection shall have the same force and effect in respect of every provision of law, regulation, or instruction for the purposes for which it is required as though separate bonds had been taken to assure compliance with each such provision.
**(c) Cancellation of bond** The Secretary of the Treasury may authorize the cancellation of any bond provided for in this section, or of any charge that may have been made against such bond, in the event of a breach of any condition of the bond, upon the payment of such lesser amount or penalty or upon such other terms and conditions as he may deem sufficient. In order to assure uniform, reasonable, and equitable decisions, the Secretary of the Treasury shall publish guidelines establishing standards for setting the terms and conditions for cancellation of bonds or charges thereunder.
**(d) Validity of bond** No condition in any bond taken to assure compliance with any law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce shall be held invalid on the ground that such condition is not specified in the law, regulation, or instruction authorizing or requiring the taking of such bond. Any bond transmitted to the Customs Service pursuant to an authorized electronic data interchange system shall have the same force and effect and be binding upon the parties thereto as if such bond were manually executed, signed, and filed.
**(e) Deposit of money or obligation of United States in lieu of bond** The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to permit the deposit of money or obligations of the United States, in such amount and upon such conditions as he may by regulation prescribe, in lieu of sureties on any bond required or authorized by a law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Treasury or the Customs Service is authorized to enforce.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Customs Service shall, under rules and regulations prescribed by the Secretary—
**(a)** fix the final appraisement of merchandise by ascertaining or estimating the value thereof, under [section 1401a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1401a&num=0&edition=prelim), by all reasonable ways and means in his power, any statement of cost or costs of production in any invoice, affidavit, declaration, other document to the contrary notwithstanding;
**(b)** fix the final classification and rate of duty applicable to such merchandise;
**(c)** fix the final amount of duty to be paid on such merchandise and determine any increased or additional duties, taxes, and fees due or any excess of duties, taxes, and fees deposited;
**(d)** liquidate the entry and reconciliation, if any, of such merchandise; and
**(e)** give or transmit, pursuant to an electronic data interchange system, notice of such liquidation to the importer, his consignee, or agent in such form and manner as the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1500
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
When used in this subtitle or in part I of subtitle II—
**(a) Vessel** The word “vessel” includes every description of water craft or other contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation in water, but does not include aircraft.
**(b) Vehicle** The word “vehicle” includes every description of carriage or other contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land, but does not include aircraft.
**(c) Merchandise** The word “merchandise” means goods, wares, and chattels of every description, and includes merchandise the importation of which is prohibited, and monetary instruments as defined in [section 5312 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section5312&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d) Person** The word “person” includes partnerships, associations, and corporations.
**(e) Master** The word “master” means the person having the command of the vessel.
**(f) Day** The word “day” means the time from eight o’clock antemeridian to five o’clock postmeridian.
**(g) Night** The word “night” means the time from five o’clock postmeridian to eight o’clock antemeridian.
**(h) United States** The term “United States” includes all Territories and possessions of the United States except the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Wake Island, Midway Islands, Kingman Reef, Johnston Island, and the island of Guam.
**(i) Officer of the customs; customs officer** The terms “officer of the customs” and “customs officer” mean any officer of the United States Customs Service of the Treasury Department (also hereinafter referred to as the “Customs Service”) or any commissioned, warrant, or petty officer of the Coast Guard, or any agent or other person, including foreign law enforcement officers, autho
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary, acting through the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, shall designate the laboratory described in subsection (b) as an additional laboratory pursuant to the authority under [section 188(c)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section188/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim). Such laboratory shall be used to test and evaluate emerging technologies and conduct research and development to assist emergency response providers in preparing for, and protecting against, threats of terrorism.
**(b) Laboratory described** The laboratory described in this subsection is the laboratory—
(1) known, as of December 27, 2021, as the National Urban Security Technology Laboratory; and
(2) transferred to the Department pursuant to [section 183(1)(E) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section183/1/E&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Laboratory activities** The National Urban Security Technology Laboratory shall—
(1) conduct tests, evaluations, and assessments of current and emerging technologies, including, as appropriate, the cybersecurity of such technologies that can connect to the internet, for emergency response providers;
(2) act as a technical advisor to emergency response providers; and
(3) carry out other such activities as the Secretary determines appropriate.
**(d) Rule of construction** Nothing in this section may be construed as affecting in any manner the authorities or responsibilities of the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office of the Department.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Any vessel having on board merchandise shown by the manifest to be destined to a foreign port or place may, after the report and entry of such vessel under the provisions of this chapter, proceed to such foreign port of destination with the cargo so destined therefor, without unlading the same and without the payment of duty thereon. Any vessel arriving from a foreign port or place having on board merchandise shown by the manifest to be destined to a port or ports in the United States other than the port of entry at which such vessel first arrived and made entry may proceed with such merchandise from port to port or from district to district for the unlading thereof.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1442
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Administering authority** — The term “administering authority” has the meaning given that term in [section 1677(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1677/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Commissioner** — The term “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
(3) **Covered merchandise** — The term “covered merchandise” means merchandise that is subject to—
(A) an antidumping duty order issued under [section 1673e of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1673e&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(B) a countervailing duty order issued under [section 1671e of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1671e&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Enter; entry** — The terms “enter” and “entry” refer to the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption, of merchandise into the customs territory of the United States.
(5) **Evasion**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term “evasion” refers to entering covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States by means of any document or electronically transmitted data or information, written or oral statement, or act that is material and false, or any omission that is material, and that results in any cash deposit or other security or any amount of applicable antidumping or countervailing duties being reduced or not being applied with respect to the merchandise.
(B) *Exception for clerical error*
(i) *In general* — Except as provided in clause (ii), the term “evasion” does not include entering covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States by m
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 1517
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Sections, act Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 356, title IV, §§ 482(e), (f), 483, 484(a)–(g), 485(a)–(f), 486–497, 498(a), (b), 499, and 500(a)–(c), 42 Stat. 959–965, related to ascertainment, collection and recovery of goods.
Provisions of Tariff Act of 1930 corresponding to section 342, see [section 1482(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1482/e&num=0&edition=prelim); section 343, see [section 1482(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1482/f&num=0&edition=prelim); section 344, see [section 1483 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1483&num=0&edition=prelim); section 345, see [section 1484(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1484/a&num=0&edition=prelim); section 346, see [section 1484(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1484/b&num=0&edition=prelim); section 347, see [section 1484(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1484/c&num=0&edition=prelim); section 348, see [section 1484(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1484/d&num=0&edition=prelim); section 349, see [section 1484(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1484/e&num=0&edition=prelim); section 350, see [section 1484(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1484/f&num=0&edition=prelim); section 351, see [section 1484(g) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-secti
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Automated Commercial Environment** — The term “Automated Commercial Environment” means the Automated Commercial Environment computer system authorized under [section 58c(f)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section58c/f/4&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection** — The term “commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection” includes—
(A) administering any customs revenue function (as defined in [section 215 of title 6](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title6-section215&num=0&edition=prelim));
(B) coordinating efforts of the Department of Homeland Security with respect to trade facilitation and trade enforcement;
(C) coordinating with the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement with respect to—
(i) investigations relating to trade enforcement; and
(ii) the development and implementation of the joint strategic plan required by [section 4314 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section4314&num=0&edition=prelim);
(D) coordinating, on behalf of the Department of Homeland Security, efforts among Federal agencies to facilitate legitimate trade and to enforce the customs and trade laws of the United States, including representing the Department of Homeland Security in interagency fora addressing such efforts;
(E) coordinating with customs authorities of foreign countries to facilitate legitimate international trade and enforce the customs and trade laws of the United States and the customs and trade laws of foreign countries;
(F) collecting, assessing, and disseminating information as appropriate and in accordance with any law r
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 19 U.S.C. § 4311
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 309
TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES
§ 1623
penalty’’ and substituted ‘‘discovered; except that—’’
along with pars. (1) and (2) for ‘‘discovered: Provided,
That in the case of an alleged violation of section 1592
of this title arising out of gross negligence or neg-
ligence, such suit or action shall not be instituted more
than five years after the date the alleged violation was
committed: Provided further, That the time of the ab-
sence from the United States of the person subject to
such penalty or forfeiture, or of any concealment or ab-
sence of the property, shall not be reckoned within this
period of limitation.’’
1978—Pub. L. 95–410 prescribed for any suit or action
for violation of section 1592 of this title arising out of
gross negligence or negligence a five year limitation
period following date of alleged violation.
1935—Act Aug. 5, 1935, substituted ‘‘the alleged of-
fense was discovered’’ for ‘‘such penalty or forfeiture
accrued’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–185 applicable to any for-
feiture proceeding commenced on or after the date that
is 120 days after Apr. 25, 2000, see section 21 of Pub. L.
106–185, set out as a note under section 1324 of Title 8,
Aliens and Nationality.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT
Effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 95–410 for al-
leged violation of section 1592 of this title arising out
of gross negligence or negligence committed on or after
Oct. 3, 1978, or before such date without commencement
of proceedings except where barred by provisions of this
section in effect prior to such date, see section 110(f)(2)
of Pub. L. 95–410, set out as a note under section 1592 of
this title.
§ 1622. Foreign landing certificates
The Secretary o
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 19 U.S.C. § 1623
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