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31 U.S.C. § 3551 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
(1) The term “protest” means a written objection by an interested party to any of the following:
(A) A solicitation or other request by a Federal agency for offers for a contract for the procurement of property or services.
(B) The cancellation of such a solicitation or other request.
(C) An award or proposed award of such a contract.
(D) A termination or cancellation of an award of such a contract, if the written objection contains an allegation that the termination or cancellation is based in whole or in part on improprieties concerning the award of the contract.
(E) Conversion of a function that is being performed by Federal employees to private sector performance.
(2) The term “interested party”—
(A) with respect to a contract or a solicitation or other request for offers described in paragraph (1), means an actual or prospective bidder or offeror whose direct economic interest would be affected by the award of the contract or by failure to award the contract; and
(B) with respect to a public-private competition conducted under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 with respect to the performance of an activity or function of a Federal agency, or a decision to convert a function performed by Federal employees to private sector performance without a competition under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76, includes—
(i) any official who is responsible for submitting the agency tender in such competition; and
(ii) any one individual who, for the purpose of representing the Federal employees engaged in the performance of the activity or function for which the public-private competition is conducted in a protest under this subchapter that relates to such public-private competition, has been designated a
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Source location: Title 31, Chapter 35, § 3551; chapter-035-accounting-and-collection.md
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In this subchapter:
(1) The term “protest” means a written objection by an interested party to any of the following:
(A) A solicitation or other request by a Federal agency for offers for a contract for the procurement of property or services.
(B) The cancellation of such a solicitation or other request.
(C) An award or proposed award of such a contract.
(D) A termination or cancellation of an award of such a contract, if the written objection contains an allegation that the termination or cancellation is based in whole or in part on improprieties concerning the award of the contract.
(E) Conversion of a function that is being performed by Federal employees to private sector performance.
(2) The term “interested party”—
(A) with respect to a contract or a solicitation or other request for offers described in paragraph (1), means an actual or prospective bidder or offeror whose direct economic interest would be affected by the award of the contract or by failure to award the contract; and
(B) with respect to a public-private competition conducted under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 with respect to the performance of an activity or function of a Federal agency, or a decision to convert a function performed by Federal employees to private sector performance without a competition under Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76, includes—
(i) any official who is responsible for submitting the agency tender in such competition; and
(ii) any one individual who, for the purpose of representing the Federal employees engaged in the performance of the activity or function for which the public-private competition is conducted in a protest under this subchapter that relates to such public-private competition, has been designated as the agent of the Federal employees by a majority of such employees.
(3) The term “Federal agency” has the meaning given such term by [section 102 of title 40](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title40-section102&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Office of Management and Budget is an office in the Executive Office of the President.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment of Goals.—** The Secretary of Defense shall approve or define the cost, performance, and schedule goals for major defense acquisition programs of the Department of Defense and for each phase of the acquisition cycle of such programs.
**(b) Evaluation of Cost Goals.—** The Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) shall evaluate the cost goals proposed for each major defense acquisition program of the Department.
**(c) Sunset.—** The authority under this section shall terminate on September 30, 2018.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) The United States Court of Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to render judgment upon any claim against the United States founded either upon the Constitution, or any Act of Congress or any regulation of an executive department, or upon any express or implied contract with the United States, or for liquidated or unliquidated damages in cases not sounding in tort. For the purpose of this paragraph, an express or implied contract with the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Exchanges, Marine Corps Exchanges, Coast Guard Exchanges, or Exchange Councils of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall be considered an express or implied contract with the United States.
(2) To provide an entire remedy and to complete the relief afforded by the judgment, the court may, as an incident of and collateral to any such judgment, issue orders directing restoration to office or position, placement in appropriate duty or retirement status, and correction of applicable records, and such orders may be issued to any appropriate official of the United States. In any case within its jurisdiction, the court shall have the power to remand appropriate matters to any administrative or executive body or official with such direction as it may deem proper and just. The Court of Federal Claims shall have jurisdiction to render judgment upon any claim by or against, or dispute with, a contractor arising under [section 7104(b)(1) of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section7104/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim), including a dispute concerning termination of a contract, rights in tangible or intangible property, compliance with cost accounting standards, and other nonmonetary disputes on which a decision of the contracting officer
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Secretary of the Navy and, by direction of the Secretary, the Chief of Naval Research and the chiefs of bureaus may, without advertising, make contracts or amendments or modifications of contracts for services and materials necessary to conduct research and to make or secure reports, tests, models, or apparatus. A contractor supplying such services or materials need not be required to furnish a bond.
**(b)** This section does not authorize the use of the cost-plus-a-percentage-of-cost system of contracting.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Except as provided in subchapter VII of chapter 5 of this title, the following definitions apply in chapters 1 through 7 of this title and in division C (except sections 3302, 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41:
(1) **Care and handling.—** — The term “care and handling” includes—
(A) completing, repairing, converting, rehabilitating, operating, preserving, protecting, insuring, packing, storing, handling, conserving, and transporting excess and surplus property; and
(B) rendering innocuous, or destroying, property that is dangerous to public health or safety.
(2) **Contractor inventory.—** — The term “contractor inventory” means—
(A) property, in excess of amounts needed to complete full performance, that is acquired by and in possession of a contractor or subcontractor under a contract pursuant to which title is vested in the Federal Government; and
(B) property that the Government is obligated or has the option to take over, under any type of contract, as a result of changes in specifications or plans under the contract, or as a result of termination of the contract (or a subcontract), prior to completion of the work, for the convenience or at the option of the Government.
(3) **Excess property.—** — The term “excess property” means property under the control of a federal agency that the head of the agency determines is not required to meet the agency’s needs or responsibilities.
(4) **Executive agency.—** — The term “executive agency” means—
(A) an executive department or independent establishment in the executive branch of the Government; and
(B) a wholly owned Government corporation.
(5) **Federal agency.—** — The term “federal agency” means an executive agency or an establishment in the legislative or judicial bra
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 40 U.S.C. § 102
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 127; Pub. L. 85–568, title III, § 301(b), July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(43A), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1457; Pub. L. 96–513, title V, § 511(74), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2926; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title VII, § 2722(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1186; Pub. L. 98–525, title XII, § 1211, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2589; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, § 504(b)(3), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3087; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, § 1343(a)(13), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3993; Pub. L. 100–26, § 7(k)(2), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title VIII, § 853(b)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1518; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(d)(1), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 113; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VIII, § 805, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1417; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, § 1502, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3296; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, § 4321(b)(3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VIII, §§ 805(a)(1), 807(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2605, 2606; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VIII, § 803(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1832; Pub. L. 107–217, § 3(b)(2), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, § 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314; Pub. L. 111–350, § 5(b)(8), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title VIII, § 866(g)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4298; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title X, § 1071(a)(2), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3504; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VIII, § 815(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title II, § 221, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1333; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XVIII, § 1806(a)(5), (6), (b)(2)–(6
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) To the maximum extent practicable, the Comptroller General shall provide for the inexpensive and expeditious resolution of protests under this subchapter. Except as provided under paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Comptroller General shall issue a final decision concerning a protest within 100 days after the date the protest is submitted to the Comptroller General.
(2) The Comptroller General shall, by regulation prescribed pursuant to [section 3555 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3555&num=0&edition=prelim), establish an express option for deciding those protests which the Comptroller General determines suitable for resolution within 65 days after the date the protest is submitted.
(3) An amendment to a protest that adds a new ground of protest, if timely made, should be resolved, to the maximum extent practicable, within the time limit established under paragraph (1) of this subsection for final decision of the initial protest. If an amended protest cannot be resolved within such time limit, the Comptroller General may resolve the amended protest through the express option under paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(4) The Comptroller General may dismiss a protest that the Comptroller General determines is frivolous or which, on its face, does not state a valid basis for protest.
**(b)**
(1) With respect to a solicitation for a contract, or a proposed award or the award of a contract, protested under this subchapter, the Comptroller General may determine whether the solicitation, proposed award, or award complies with statute and regulation. If the Comptroller General determines that the solicitation, proposed award, or award does not comply with a statute or regulation, the Comptroller Gener
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 3554
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A protest concerning an alleged violation of a procurement statute or regulation shall be decided by the Comptroller General if filed in accordance with this subchapter.
**(b)**
(1) In the case of an agency tender official who is an interested party under [section 3551(2)(B) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3551/2/B&num=0&edition=prelim), the official may file a protest in connection with the public-private competition for which the official is an interested party. At the request of a majority of the employees of the Federal agency who are engaged in the performance of the activity or function subject to such public-private competition, the official shall file a protest in connection with such public-private competition unless the official determines that there is no reasonable basis for the protest.
(2) The determination of an agency tender official under paragraph (1) whether or not to file a protest is not subject to administrative or judicial review. An agency tender official shall provide written notification to Congress whenever the official makes a determination under paragraph (1) that there is no reasonable basis for a protest.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 3552
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Under procedures prescribed under [section 3555 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3555&num=0&edition=prelim), the Comptroller General shall decide a protest submitted to the Comptroller General by an interested party.
**(b)**
(1) Within one day after the receipt of a protest, the Comptroller General shall notify the Federal agency involved of the protest.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, a Federal agency receiving a notice of a protested procurement under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall submit to the Comptroller General a complete report (including all relevant documents) on the protested procurement—
(A) within 30 days after the date of the agency’s receipt of that notice;
(B) if the Comptroller General, upon a showing by the Federal agency, determines (and states the reasons in writing) that the specific circumstances of the protest require a longer period, within the longer period determined by the Comptroller General; or
(C) in a case determined by the Comptroller General to be suitable for the express option under [section 3554(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3554/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim), within 20 days after the date of the Federal agency’s receipt of that determination.
(3) A Federal agency need not submit a report to the Comptroller General pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection if the agency is sooner notified by the Comptroller General that the protest concerned has been dismissed under [section 3554(a)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section3554/a/4&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c)**
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 291
TITLE 31—MONEY AND FINANCE
§ 3551
which the district is located or the Supreme
Court justice allotted to that circuit by giving
the judge or justice a copy of the proceeding
held before the district judge. The judge or jus-
tice may grant an injunction or allow an appeal
if the judge or justice finds the case requires it.
(Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 968.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised
Section
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
3543(a) .....
31:517.
R.S. § 3635.
3543(b) .....
31:518.
R.S. § 3636.
3543(c) .....
31:519.
R.S. § 3637.
In subsection (a), the words ‘‘With the approval of’’
and ‘‘the institution of’’ are omitted as surplus.
In subsections (b) and (c), the words ‘‘person ad-
versely affected’’ are substituted for ‘‘person who con-
siders himself aggrieved’’ for consistency in the revised
title and with other titles of the United States Code.
In subsection (b)(1), the words ‘‘bring a civil action
. . . court’’ are substituted for ‘‘prefer a bill of com-
plaint . . . judge’’ for consistency in the revised title
and with other titles of the Code. The words ‘‘of which
he complains’’ are omitted as surplus. The words ‘‘any
part of a distress warrant proceeding’’ are substituted
for ‘‘proceedings on such warrant altogether, or for so
much thereof as the nature of’’ to eliminate unneces-
sary words. The words ‘‘with sufficient security’’ and
‘‘as may be awarded against him’’ are omitted as sur-
plus.
In subsection (b)(2), the words ‘‘in any manner’’ are
omitted as surplus. The words ‘‘under section 3542(b)(1)
of this title’’ are substituted for ‘‘produced by the
issuing of the warrant’’ for clarity. The last sentence is
substituted for 31:518(2d sentence words before semi-
colon) to eliminate unn
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 31 U.S.C. § 3551
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