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22 U.S.C. § 441 — Proclamation of state of war between foreign states
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Issuance of proclamation** Whenever the President, or the Congress by concurrent resolution, shall find that there exists a state of war between foreign states, and that it is necessary to promote the security or preserve the peace of the United States or to protect the lives of citizens of the United States, the President shall issue a proclamation naming the states involved; and he shall, from time to time, by proclamation, name other states as and when they may become involved in the war.
**(b) Revocation of proclamation** Whenever the state of war which shall have caused the President to issue any proclamation under the authority of this section shall have ceased to exist with respect to any state named in such proclamation, he shall revoke such proclamation with respect to such state.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_31e0236d2b190758a0c16917
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-441-proclamation-of-state-of-war-between-foreign-states--e6b22fc53f.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 9, § 441; chapter-009-foreign-wars-war-materials-and-neutrality.md
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**(a) Issuance of proclamation** Whenever the President, or the Congress by concurrent resolution, shall find that there exists a state of war between foreign states, and that it is necessary to promote the security or preserve the peace of the United States or to protect the lives of citizens of the United States, the President shall issue a proclamation naming the states involved; and he shall, from time to time, by proclamation, name other states as and when they may become involved in the war.
**(b) Revocation of proclamation** Whenever the state of war which shall have caused the President to issue any proclamation under the authority of this section shall have ceased to exist with respect to any state named in such proclamation, he shall revoke such proclamation with respect to such state.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 245j, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 1, 54 Stat. 4, which related to a proclamation of a state of war between foreign states, was transferred to [section 441 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section441&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 245j–1, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 2, 54 Stat. 4, which related to commerce with states engaged in armed conflict, was transferred to [section 442 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section442&num=0&edition=prelim) and was repealed by Joint Res. Nov. 17, 1941, ch. 473, § 1, 55 Stat. 764.
Section 245j–2, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 3, 54 Stat. 7, which related to combat areas, was transferred to [section 443 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section443&num=0&edition=prelim) and was repealed by Joint Res. Nov. 17, 1941, ch. 473, § 1, 55 Stat. 764.
Section 245j–3, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 4, 54 Stat. 7, as amended, which related to American Red Cross vessels, was transferred to [section 444 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section444&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 245j–4, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 5, 54 Stat. 7, which related to travel on vessels of belligerent states, was transferred to [section 445 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section445&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 245j–5, Joint Res. Nov. 4, 1939, ch. 2, § 6, 54 Stat. 7, which related to the arming of American merchant vessels, was transferred to [section 446 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section446&nu
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 245j to 245j–19
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Authority.—** On written application, the Secretary of Transportation may adjust obligations and arrange for maintenance of an essential vessel as provided in this chapter if the Secretary determines, after any investigation or proceeding the Secretary considers desirable, that—
(1) the operation of the vessel in the service, route, or line to which it is assigned under this subtitle, or in which it otherwise would be operated, is not—
(A) lawful under the Neutrality Act of 1939 ([22 U.S.C. 441](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section441&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or a proclamation issued under that Act; or
(B) compatible with maintaining the availability of the vessel for national defense and commerce;
(2) it is not feasible under existing law to employ the vessel in any other service or operation in foreign or domestic trade (except temporary or emergency operation under [section 56503(b)(5) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section56503/b/5&num=0&edition=prelim)); and
(3) the applicant, because of the restrictions of the Neutrality Act of 1939 ([22 U.S.C. 441](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section441&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or the withdrawal of vessels for national defense under paragraph (1), is not earning or will not earn a reasonable return on the capital necessarily employed in its business.
**(b) Effective Period.—** Adjustments and arrangements under subsection (a) shall continue in effect only as long as the circumstances described in subsection (a) continue to exist.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 56502
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 296
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 422
1 See References in Text note below.
States under such contracts, shall at no time ex-
ceed $600,000,000.
(Oct. 28, 1941, ch. 460, title I, § 102, 55 Stat. 746.)
§ 422. Retention for United States of defense arti-
cles procured for foreign governments
Any defense article procured pursuant to sec-
tion 421 of this title shall be retained by or
transferred to and for the use of such depart-
ment or agency of the United States as the
President may determine, in lieu of being dis-
posed of to a foreign government, whenever in
the judgment of the President the defense of the
United States will be best served thereby.
(Oct. 28, 1941, ch. 460, title I, § 103, 55 Stat. 747.)
§ 423. Omitted
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section, act June 14, 1943, ch. 122, § 2, 57 Stat. 152, re-
lated to retention for defense of United States of cer-
tain articles, information or service procured for for-
eign governments from funds appropriated by act June
14, 1943 or prior acts appropriating funds to the Presi-
dent for such purposes.
SUBCHAPTER II—NEUTRALITY
§ 441. Proclamation of state of war between for-
eign states
(a) Issuance of proclamation
Whenever the President, or the Congress by
concurrent resolution, shall find that there ex-
ists a state of war between foreign states, and
that it is necessary to promote the security or
preserve the peace of the United States or to
protect the lives of citizens of the United States,
the President shall issue a proclamation naming
the states involved; and he shall, from time to
time, by proclamation, name other states as and
when they may become involved in the war.
(b) Revocation of proclamation
Whenever the state of war which shall have
caused the President to issu
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 441
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