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46 U.S.C. § 9302 — Great Lakes pilots required
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Except as provided in subsections (d), (e), and (f) of this section, each vessel of the United States operating on register and each foreign vessel shall engage a United States or Canadian registered pilot for the route being navigated who shall—
(A) in the Straits of Mackinac and in all other waters of the Great Lakes designated by the President, direct the navigation of the vessel subject to the customary authority of the master; and
(B) in waters of the Great Lakes not designated by the President, be on board and available to direct the navigation of the vessel at the discretion of and subject to the customary authority of the master.
(2) The President shall make water designations under this subsection with regard to the public interest, the effective use of navigable waters, marine safety, and the foreign relations of the United States.
**(b)** A member of the complement of a vessel of the United States operating on register or of a vessel of Canada may serve as the pilot required on waters not designated by the President if the member is licensed under [section 7101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim), or under equivalent provisions of Canadian law, to direct the navigation of the vessel on the waters being navigated.
**(c)** The authority extended under subsections (a) and (b) of this section to a Canadian registered pilot or other Canadian licensed officer to serve on certain vessels in United States waters of the Great Lakes shall continue as long as Canada extends reciprocity to United States registered pilots and other individuals licensed by the United States for pilotage service in Canadian waters of the Great Lakes.
**(d)** A vessel may be operated on t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 9302
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-46/section-9302-great-lakes-pilots-required--37ee281b97.md
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Source location: Title 46, Chapter 93, § 9302; chapter-093-great-lakes-pilotage.md
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**(a)**
(1) Except as provided in subsections (d), (e), and (f) of this section, each vessel of the United States operating on register and each foreign vessel shall engage a United States or Canadian registered pilot for the route being navigated who shall—
(A) in the Straits of Mackinac and in all other waters of the Great Lakes designated by the President, direct the navigation of the vessel subject to the customary authority of the master; and
(B) in waters of the Great Lakes not designated by the President, be on board and available to direct the navigation of the vessel at the discretion of and subject to the customary authority of the master.
(2) The President shall make water designations under this subsection with regard to the public interest, the effective use of navigable waters, marine safety, and the foreign relations of the United States.
**(b)** A member of the complement of a vessel of the United States operating on register or of a vessel of Canada may serve as the pilot required on waters not designated by the President if the member is licensed under [section 7101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim), or under equivalent provisions of Canadian law, to direct the navigation of the vessel on the waters being navigated.
**(c)** The authority extended under subsections (a) and (b) of this section to a Canadian registered pilot or other Canadian licensed officer to serve on certain vessels in United States waters of the Great Lakes shall continue as long as Canada extends reciprocity to United States registered pilots and other individuals licensed by the United States for pilotage service in Canadian waters of the Great Lakes.
**(d)** A vessel may be operated on the United States waters of the Great Lakes without a United States or Canadian registered pilot when—
(1) the Secretary notifies the master that a registered pilot is not available; or
(2) the vessel or its cargo is in distress or jeopardy.
**(e)** A Canadian vessel regularly operating on the Great Lakes or between ports on the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River, with only an occasional voyage to ports in the maritime provinces of Canada in the Canadian coastal trade, is exempt from subsection (a) of this section as long as Canada permits enrolled vessels of the United States to be operated on Canadian waters of the Great Lakes under the direction of individuals licensed under [section 7101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(f)** A documented vessel regularly operating on the Great Lakes or between ports on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River is exempt from the requirements of subsection (a) of this section.
**(g) Definition of the Straits of Mackinac.—** In this section, the term “Straits of Mackinac” includes all of the United States navigable waters bounded by longitudes 84 degrees 20 minutes west and 85 degrees 10 minutes west and latitudes 45 degrees 39 minutes north and 45 degrees 54 minutes north, including Gray’s Reef Passage, the South Channel, and Round Island Passage, and approaches thereto.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this Act, the term—
(1) “act of God” means an unanticipated grave natural disaster or other natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable, and irresistible character the effects of which could not have been prevented or avoided by the exercise of due care or foresight;
(2) “barrel” means 42 United States gallons at 60 degrees fahrenheit;
(3) “claim” means a request, made in writing for a sum certain, for compensation for damages or removal costs resulting from an incident;
(4) “claimant” means any person or government who presents a claim for compensation under this subchapter;
(5) “damages” means damages specified in [section 2702(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section2702/b&num=0&edition=prelim), and includes the cost of assessing these damages;
(6) “deepwater port” is a facility licensed under the Deepwater Port Act of 1974 ([33 U.S.C. 1501–152](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section1501–152&num=0&edition=prelim)4);
(7) “discharge” means any emission (other than natural seepage), intentional or unintentional, and includes, but is not limited to, spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dumping;
(8) “exclusive economic zone” means the zone established by Presidential Proclamation Numbered 5030, dated March 10, 1983, including the ocean waters of the areas referred to as “eastern special areas” in Article 3(1) of the Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary, signed June 1, 1990;
(9) “facility” means any structure, group of structures, equipment, or device (other than a vessel) which is used for one or more of the following purposes: exploring for, drill
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 2701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Licenses and certificates of registry are established for individuals who are required to hold licenses or certificates under this subtitle.
**(b)** Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the Secretary—
(1) issues the licenses and certificates of registry; and
(2) may classify the licenses and certificates of registry as provided in subsections (c) and (f) of this section, based on—
(A) the tonnage, means of propulsion, and horsepower of machine-propelled vessels;
(B) the waters on which vessels are to be operated; or
(C) other reasonable standards.
**(c)** The Secretary may issue licenses in the following classes to applicants found qualified as to age, character, habits of life, experience, professional qualifications, and physical fitness:
(1) masters, mates, and engineers.
(2) pilots.
(3) operators.
(4) radio officers.
**(d)** In classifying individuals under subsection (c)(1) of this section, the Secretary shall establish, when possible, suitable career patterns and service and other qualifying requirements appropriate to the particular service or industry in which the individuals are engaged.
**(e)** An individual may be issued a license under subsection (c)(2) of this section only if the applicant—
(1) is at least 21 years of age;
(2) is of sound health and has no physical limitations that would hinder or prevent the performance of a pilot’s duties;
(3) has a thorough physical examination each year while holding the license, except that this requirement does not apply to an individual who will serve as a pilot only on a vessel of less than 1,600 gross tons as measured under [section 14502 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section14502&num=0&edition=prelim), or an alternate ton
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 7101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** An owner, charterer, managing operator, agent, master, or individual in charge of a vessel knowingly allowing the vessel to be operated in violation of [section 9302 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section9302&num=0&edition=prelim) is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of no more than $10,000 for each day during which the vessel is in violation. The vessel also is liable in rem for the penalty.
**(b)** An individual who directs the navigation of a vessel in violation of [section 9302 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section9302&num=0&edition=prelim) is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of no more than $10,000 for each day during which the violation occurs.
**(c)** A person violating a regulation prescribed under [section 9303 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title46-section9303&num=0&edition=prelim) is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of no more than $10,000.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 46 U.S.C. § 9308
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 170
TITLE 46—SHIPPING
§ 9102
§ 9102. Standards for tank vessels of the United
States
The Secretary shall prescribe standards for
the manning of each vessel of the United States
to which chapter 37 of this title applies, related
to the duties, qualifications, and training of the
officers and crew of the vessel, including stand-
ards related to—
(1) instruction in vessel and cargo handling
and vessel navigation under normal operating
conditions in coastal and confined waters and
on the high seas;
(2) instruction in vessel and cargo handling
and vessel navigation in emergency situations
and under marine casualty or potential cas-
ualty conditions;
(3) qualifications for licenses by specific
type and size of vessels;
(4) qualifications for licenses by use of sim-
ulators for the practice or demonstration of
marine-oriented skills;
(5) minimum health and physical fitness cri-
teria for various grades of licenses and certifi-
cates;
(6) periodic retraining and special training
for upgrading positions, changing vessel type
or size, or assuming new responsibilities;
(7) decisions about licenses and certificates,
conditions of licensing or certification, and pe-
riods of licensing or certification by reference
to experience, amount of training completed,
and regular performance testing; and
(8) instruction in vessel maintenance func-
tions.
(Pub. L. 98–89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 556; Pub. L.
101–380, title IV, § 4114(d), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat.
517; Pub. L. 116–283, div. G, title LVXXXV
[LXXXV], § 8503(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4747.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Revised section
Source section (U.S. Code)
9102 ..............................................
46:391a(9)
Section 9102 prescribes manning standards for United
States tank vess
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 46 U.S.C. § 9302
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