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42 U.S.C. § 5401 — Findings and purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** Congress finds that—
(1) manufactured housing plays a vital role in meeting the housing needs of the Nation; and
(2) manufactured homes provide a significant resource for affordable homeownership and rental housing accessible to all Americans.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to protect the quality, durability, safety, and affordability of manufactured homes;
(2) to facilitate the availability of affordable manufactured homes and to increase homeownership for all Americans;
(3) to provide for the establishment of practical, uniform, and, to the extent possible, performance-based Federal construction standards for manufactured homes;
(4) to encourage innovative and cost-effective construction techniques for manufactured homes;
(5) to protect residents of manufactured homes with respect to personal injuries and the amount of insurance costs and property damages in manufactured housing, consistent with the other purposes of this section;
(6) to establish a balanced consensus process for the development, revision, and interpretation of Federal construction and safety standards for manufactured homes and related regulations for the enforcement of such standards;
(7) to ensure uniform and effective enforcement of Federal construction and safety standards for manufactured homes; and
(8) to ensure that the public interest in, and need for, affordable manufactured housing is duly considered in all determinations relating to the Federal standards and their enforcement.
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 70, § 5401; chapter-070-manufactured-home-construction-and-safety-standards.md
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**(a) Findings** Congress finds that—
(1) manufactured housing plays a vital role in meeting the housing needs of the Nation; and
(2) manufactured homes provide a significant resource for affordable homeownership and rental housing accessible to all Americans.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to protect the quality, durability, safety, and affordability of manufactured homes;
(2) to facilitate the availability of affordable manufactured homes and to increase homeownership for all Americans;
(3) to provide for the establishment of practical, uniform, and, to the extent possible, performance-based Federal construction standards for manufactured homes;
(4) to encourage innovative and cost-effective construction techniques for manufactured homes;
(5) to protect residents of manufactured homes with respect to personal injuries and the amount of insurance costs and property damages in manufactured housing, consistent with the other purposes of this section;
(6) to establish a balanced consensus process for the development, revision, and interpretation of Federal construction and safety standards for manufactured homes and related regulations for the enforcement of such standards;
(7) to ensure uniform and effective enforcement of Federal construction and safety standards for manufactured homes; and
(8) to ensure that the public interest in, and need for, affordable manufactured housing is duly considered in all determinations relating to the Federal standards and their enforcement.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 93–383, title VI, § 626, Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 95–557, title IX, § 901, Oct. 31, 1978, 92 Stat. 2124; Pub. L. 96–399, title III, § 308(c)(4), Oct. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 1641; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, § 339B(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 417, related to reports to Congress.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal effective Dec. 27, 2000, except that repeal has no effect on any order or interpretative bulletin issued under this chapter and published as a proposed rule pursuant to [5 U.S.C. 553](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section553&num=0&edition=prelim) on or before Dec. 27, 2000, see section 612 of Pub. L. 106–569, set out as an Effective Date of 2000 Amendment note under [section 5401 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5425
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, the term—
(1) “manufactured home construction” means all activities relating to the assembly and manufacture of a manufactured home including but not limited to those relating to durability, quality, and safety;
(2) “retailer” means any person engaged in the sale, leasing, or distribution of new manufactured homes primarily to persons who in good faith purchase or lease a manufactured home for purposes other than resale;
(3) “defect” includes any defect in the performance, construction, components, or material of a manufactured home that renders the home or any part thereof not fit for the ordinary use for which it was intended;
(4) “distributor” means any person engaged in the sale and distribution of manufactured homes for resale;
(5) “manufacturer” means any person engaged in manufacturing or assembling manufactured homes, including any person engaged in importing manufactured homes for resale;
(6) “manufactured home” means a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which, in the traveling mode, is eight body feet or more in width or forty body feet or more in length, or, when erected on site, is three hundred twenty or more square feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein; except that such term shall include any structure which meets all the requirements of this paragraph except the size requirements and with respect to which the manufacturer voluntarily files a certification required by the Secretary and complies with the standards established under this chapter; and except that such term shall not include any
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, except to the extent that there is involved—
(1) a military or foreign affairs function of the United States; or
(2) a matter relating to agency management or personnel or to public property, loans, grants, benefits, or contracts.
**(b)** General notice of proposed rule making shall be published in the Federal Register, unless persons subject thereto are named and either personally served or otherwise have actual notice thereof in accordance with law. The notice shall include—
(1) a statement of the time, place, and nature of public rule making proceedings;
(2) reference to the legal authority under which the rule is proposed;
(3) either the terms or substance of the proposed rule or a description of the subjects and issues involved; and
(4) the Internet address of a summary of not more than 100 words in length of the proposed rule, in plain language, that shall be posted on the Internet website under section 206(d) of the E-Government Act of 2002 ([44 U.S.C. 3501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title44-section3501&num=0&edition=prelim) note) (commonly known as regulations.gov).
Except when notice or hearing is required by statute, this subsection does not apply—
(A) to interpretative rules, general statements of policy, or rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice; or
(B) when the agency for good cause finds (and incorporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons therefor in the rules issued) that notice and public procedure thereon are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.
**(c)** After notice required by this section, the agency shall give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making through subm
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 553
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(a) Authority to insure financial institutions
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 1715z–12
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Terms of loan**
(1) If the Secretary determines that an applicant is eligible for assistance as provided in [section 1471 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1471&num=0&edition=prelim) and that the applicant has the ability to repay in full the sum to be loaned, with interest, giving due consideration to the income and earning capacity of the applicant and his family from the farm and other sources, and the maintenance of a reasonable standard of living for the owner and the occupants of said farm, a loan may be made by the Secretary to said applicant for a period of not to exceed thirty-three years from the making of the loan with interest. The Secretary may accept the personal liability of any person with adequate repayment ability who will cosign the applicant’s note to compensate for any deficiency in the applicant’s repayment ability. At the borrower’s option, the borrower may prepay to the Secretary as escrow agent, on terms and conditions prescribed by him, such taxes, insurance, and other expenses as the Secretary may require in accordance with [section 1471(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1471/e&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The Secretary may extend the period of any loan made under this section if the Secretary determines that such extension is necessary to permit the making of such loan to any person whose income does not exceed 60 per centum of the median income for the area and who would otherwise be denied such loan because the payments required under a shorter period would exceed the financial capacity of such person. The aggregate period for which any loan may be extended under this paragraph may not exceed 5 years.
(3)
(A) Notwit
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1472
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Nothing in this chapter supersedes any provision of the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 [[42 U.S.C. 5401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]. No design, construction method, practice, technology, material, mitigation methodology, or hazard reduction measure of any kind developed under this chapter shall be required for a home certified under section 616 of the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 ([42 U.S.C. 5415](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5415&num=0&edition=prelim)), pursuant to standards issued under such Act, without being subject to the consensus development process and rulemaking procedures of that Act.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 15705
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Critical social, economic, and environmental problems facing Nation’s urban communities** The Congress finds and declares that the Nation’s cities, towns, and smaller urban communities face critical social, economic, and environmental problems arising in significant measure from—
(1) the growth of population in metropolitan and other urban areas, and the concentration of persons of lower income in central cities;
(2) inadequate public and private investment and reinvestment in housing and other physical facilities, and related public and social services, resulting in the growth and persistence of urban slums and blight and the marked deterioration of the quality of the urban environment; and
(3) increasing energy costs which have seriously undermined the quality and overall effectiveness of local community and housing development activities.
**(b) Establishment and maintenance of viable urban communities; systematic and sustained action by Federal, State, and local governments; expansion of and continuity in Federal assistance; increased private investment; streamlining programs and improvement of functioning of agencies; action to address consequences of scarce fuel supplies** The Congress further finds and declares that the future welfare of the Nation and the well-being of its citizens depend on the establishment and maintenance of viable urban communities as social, economic, and political entities, and require—
(1) systematic and sustained action by Federal, State, and local governments to eliminate blight, to conserve and renew older urban areas, to improve the living environment of low- and moderate-income families, and to develop new centers of population growth and economic activity;
(2) substantial expansion of and greater continuity in the scope a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment**
(1) **Authority** — The Secretary shall establish, by order, appropriate Federal manufactured home construction and safety standards, each of which—
(A) shall—
(i) be reasonable and practical;
(ii) meet high standards of protection consistent with the purposes of this chapter; and
(iii) be performance-based and objectively stated, unless clearly inappropriate; and
(B) except as provided in subsection (b), shall be established in accordance with the consensus standards development process.
(2) **Consensus standards and regulatory development process**
(A) *Initial agreement* — Not later than 180 days after December 27, 2000, the Secretary shall enter into a contract with an administering organization. The contractual agreement shall—
(i) terminate on the date on which a contract is entered into under subparagraph (B); and
(ii) require the administering organization to—
(I) recommend the initial members of the consensus committee under paragraph (3);
(II) administer the consensus standards development process until the termination of that agreement; and
(III) administer the consensus development and interpretation process for procedural and enforcement regulations and regulations specifying the permissible scope and conduct of monitoring until the termination of that agreement.
(B) *Competitively procured contract* — Upon the expiration of the 4-year period beginning on the date on which all members of the consensus committee are appointed under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall, using competitive procedures (as such term is defined in [section 132 of title 41](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title41-section132&num=0&edition=prelim)), enter into a competitively
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5403
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Provision of installation design and instructions** A manufacturer shall provide with each manufactured home, design and instructions for the installation of the manufactured home that have been approved by a design approval primary inspection agency. After establishment of model standards under subsection (b)(2), a design approval primary inspection agency may not give such approval unless a design and instruction provides equal or greater protection than the protection provided under such model standards.
**(b) Model manufactured home installation standards**
(1) **Proposed model standards** — Not later than 18 months after the date on which the initial appointments of all the members of the consensus committee are completed, the consensus committee shall develop and submit to the Secretary proposed model manufactured home installation standards, which shall, to the maximum extent practicable, taking into account the factors described in [section 5403(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5403/e&num=0&edition=prelim), be consistent with—
(A) the manufactured home designs that have been approved by a design approval primary inspection agency; and
(B) the designs and instructions for the installation of manufactured homes provided by manufacturers under subsection (a).
(2) **Establishment of model standards** — Not later than 12 months after receiving the proposed model standards submitted under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop and establish model manufactured home installation standards, which shall, to the maximum extent practicable, taking into account the factors described in [section 5403(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5403
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5404
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) In a case of actual controversy as to the validity of any order under [section 5403 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5403&num=0&edition=prelim), any person who may be adversely affected by such order when it is effective may at any time prior to the sixtieth day after such order is issued file a petition with the United States court of appeals for the circuit wherein such person resides or has his principal place of business, for judicial review of such order. A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary or other officer designated by him for that purpose. The Secretary thereupon shall file in the court the record of the proceedings on which the Secretary based his order, as provided in [section 2112 of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section2112&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) If the petitioner applies to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and shows to the satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to adduce such evidence in the proceeding before the Secretary, the court may order such additional evidence (and evidence in rebuttal thereof) to be taken before the Secretary, and to be adduced upon the hearing, in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as to the court may seem proper. The Secretary may modify his findings as to the facts, or make new findings, by reason of the additional evidence so taken, and he shall file such modified or new findings, and his recommendation, if any, for the modification or setting aside of his original order, with the return of such additional evidence.
(3) Upon the fil
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5405
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