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8 U.S.C. § 1443 — Administration
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Rules and regulations governing examination of applicants** The Attorney General shall make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this part and is authorized to prescribe the scope and nature of the examination of applicants for naturalization as to their admissibility to citizenship. Such examination shall be limited to inquiry concerning the applicant’s residence, physical presence in the United States, good moral character, understanding of and attachment to the fundamental principles of the Constitution of the United States, ability to read, write, and speak English, and other qualifications to become a naturalized citizen as required by law, and shall be uniform throughout the United States.
**(b) Instruction in citizenship** The Attorney General is authorized to promote instruction and training in citizenship responsibilities of applicants for naturalization including the sending of names of candidates for naturalization to the public schools, preparing and distributing citizenship textbooks to such candidates as are receiving instruction in preparation for citizenship within or under the supervision of the public schools, preparing and distributing monthly an immigration and naturalization bulletin and securing the aid of and cooperating with official State and national organizations, including those concerned with vocational education.
**(c) Prescription of forms** The Attorney General shall prescribe and furnish such forms as may be required to give effect to the provisions of this part, and only such forms as may be so provided shall be legal. All certificates of naturalization and of citizenship shall be printed on safety paper and shall be consecutively numbered in separate series.
**(d) Administration
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**(a) Rules and regulations governing examination of applicants** The Attorney General shall make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this part and is authorized to prescribe the scope and nature of the examination of applicants for naturalization as to their admissibility to citizenship. Such examination shall be limited to inquiry concerning the applicant’s residence, physical presence in the United States, good moral character, understanding of and attachment to the fundamental principles of the Constitution of the United States, ability to read, write, and speak English, and other qualifications to become a naturalized citizen as required by law, and shall be uniform throughout the United States.
**(b) Instruction in citizenship** The Attorney General is authorized to promote instruction and training in citizenship responsibilities of applicants for naturalization including the sending of names of candidates for naturalization to the public schools, preparing and distributing citizenship textbooks to such candidates as are receiving instruction in preparation for citizenship within or under the supervision of the public schools, preparing and distributing monthly an immigration and naturalization bulletin and securing the aid of and cooperating with official State and national organizations, including those concerned with vocational education.
**(c) Prescription of forms** The Attorney General shall prescribe and furnish such forms as may be required to give effect to the provisions of this part, and only such forms as may be so provided shall be legal. All certificates of naturalization and of citizenship shall be printed on safety paper and shall be consecutively numbered in separate series.
**(d) Administration of oaths and depositions** Employees of the Service may be designated by the Attorney General to administer oaths and to take depositions without charge in matters relating to the administration of the naturalization and citizenship laws. In cases where there is a likelihood of unusual delay or of hardship, the Attorney General may, in his discretion, authorize such depositions to be taken before a postmaster without charge, or before a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths for general purposes.
**(e) Issuance of certificate of naturalization or citizenship** A certificate of naturalization or of citizenship issued by the Attorney General under the authority of this subchapter shall have the same effect in all courts, tribunals, and public offices of the United States, at home and abroad, of the District of Columbia, and of each State, Territory, and outlying possession of the United States, as a certificate of naturalization or of citizenship issued by a court having naturalization jurisdiction.
**(f) Copies of records** Certifications and certified copies of all papers, documents, certificates, and records required or authorized to be issued, used, filed, recorded, or kept under any and all provisions of this chapter shall be admitted in evidence equally with the originals in any and all cases and proceedings under this chapter and in all cases and proceedings in which the originals thereof might be admissible as evidence.
**(g) Furnished quarters for photographic studios** The officers in charge of property owned or leased by the Government are authorized, upon the recommendation of the Attorney General, to provide quarters, without payment of rent, in any building occupied by the Service, for a photographic studio, operated by welfare organizations without profit and solely for the benefit of persons seeking to comply with requirements under the immigration and nationality laws. Such studio shall be under the supervision of the Attorney General.
**(h) Public education regarding naturalization benefits** In order to promote the opportunities and responsibilities of United States citizenship, the Attorney General shall broadly distribute information concerning the benefits which persons may receive under this subchapter and the requirements to obtain such benefits. In carrying out this subsection, the Attorney General shall seek the assistance of appropriate community groups, private voluntary agencies, and other relevant organizations. There are authorized to be appropriated (for each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 1991) such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subsection.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is created and established in the Department of Justice an Immigration and Naturalization Service.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** As used in this chapter—
(1) The term “administrator” means the official designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to [section 1104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1104/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The term “advocates” includes, but is not limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by overt act, and admits belief in.
(3) The term “alien” means any person not a citizen or national of the United States.
(4) The term “application for admission” has reference to the application for admission into the United States and not to the application for the issuance of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa.
(5) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States.
(6) The term “border crossing identification card” means a document of identity bearing that designation issued to an alien who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or to an alien who is a resident in foreign contiguous territory, by a consular officer or an immigration officer for the purpose of crossing over the borders between the United States and foreign contiguous territory in accordance with such conditions for its issuance and use as may be prescribed by regulations. Such regulations shall provide that (A) each such document include a biometric identifier (such as the fingerprint or handprint of the alien) that is machine readable and (B) an alien presenting a border crossing identification card is not permitted to cross over the border into the United States unless the biometric identifier contained on the card matches the appropriate biometric characteristic of the alien.
(7) The term “clerk of court” means a clerk of a naturalization court.
(8) The terms “Commissioner” and “Deputy Commissioner” mean the Co
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Authorization is granted for the publication and distribution of the citizenship textbook described in subsection (b) of [section 1443 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1443&num=0&edition=prelim) and for the reimbursement of the appropriation of the Department of Justice upon the records of the Treasury Department from the naturalization fees deposited in the Treasury through the Service for the cost of such publication and distribution, such reimbursement to be made upon statements by the Attorney General of books so published and distributed.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
These sections, relating to naturalization, were in large degree affected by the Nationality Act of 1940, former section 501 et seq. of this title. That act was passed on Oct. 14, 1940, to consolidate and restate the laws of the United States regarding citizenship, naturalization, and expatriation, and, in addition to certain specific repeals thereby, all acts or parts of acts in conflict with its provisions were repealed by former [section 904 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section904&num=0&edition=prelim). See notes below for history of individual sections.
Sections 351 to 354, relating to Bureau of Naturalization, were repealed by act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subch. V, 54 Stat. 1172. Sections 351 to 353 were from act June 29, 1906, ch. 3592, § 1, 34 Stat. 596, and section 354 was from act May 9, 1918, ch. 69, § 1, 40 Stat. 544. See [section 1443 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1443&num=0&edition=prelim). See also section 1551 et seq. of this title for general provisions relating to Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Section 355, relating to reports of expenditures of Bureau of Naturalization, was repealed by act May 29, 1928, ch. 901, § 1, 45 Stat. 994. It was from act Mar. 4, 1909, ch. 299, § 1, 35 Stat. 982.
Sections 356 to 358a were repealed by act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subch. V, § 504, 54 Stat. 1172. Section 356, relating to regulations for execution of naturalization laws and use of copies of papers in evidence, was from acts June 29, 1906, ch. 3592, § 28, 34 Stat. 606, and Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 536, § 8, 45 Stat. 1515; see [section 1443 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-preli
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 351 to 416
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 725, acts Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 325, 54 Stat. 1150; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title I, § 26, 64 Stat. 1015, related to aliens serving on certain United States vessels. See [section 1441(a)(1) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1441/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 726, act Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 326, 54 Stat. 1150, related to alien enemies. See section 1442(a)–(c), (e) of this title.
Section 727, acts Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, title I, subchap. III, § 327, 54 Stat. 1150; May 16, 1947, ch. 72, 61 Stat. 97, related to administration of naturalization laws. See [section 1443 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1443&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 510
TITLE 8—ALIENS AND NATIONALITY
§ 1443
tion for naturalization pending at the beginning
of the state of war, except such alien enemy
from the classification of alien enemy for the
purposes of this subchapter, and thereupon such
alien shall have the privilege of filing an appli-
cation for naturalization.
(d) Effect of cessation of hostilities
An alien who is a native, citizen, subject, or
denizen of any country, state, or sovereignty
with which the United States is at war shall
cease to be an alien enemy within the meaning
of this section upon the determination by proc-
lamation of the President, or by concurrent res-
olution of the Congress, that hostilities between
the United States and such country, state, or
sovereignty have ended.
(e) Apprehension and removal
Nothing contained herein shall be taken or
construed to interfere with or prevent the appre-
hension and removal, consistent with law, of
any alien enemy at any time prior to the actual
naturalization of such alien.
(June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title III, ch. 2, § 331, 66
Stat. 252; Pub. L. 101–649, title IV, § 407(c)(13),
(d)(9), (e)(2), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5041, 5042,
5046.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(c)(13), sub-
stituted references to applicant and application for ref-
erences to petitioner and petition wherever appearing.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–649, § 407(d)(9), substituted
‘‘considered or heard except after 90 days’ notice to the
Attorney General to be considered at the examination
or hearing, and the Attorney General’s objection to
such consideration shall cause the application to be
continued’’ for ‘‘called for a hearing, or heard, except
after ninety days’ notice given by the clerk of the court
to the Attorney General t
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