Browse Arkansas Code titles and sections
20 U.S.C. § 1057 — Findings and purpose
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) there are a significant number of institutions of higher education serving high percentages of minority students and students from low-income backgrounds, that face problems that threaten their ability to survive;
(2) the problems relate to the management and fiscal operations of certain institutions of higher education, as well as to an inability to engage in long-range planning and development activities, including endowment building;
(3) in order to be competitive and provide a high-quality education for all, institutions of higher education should improve their technological capacity and make effective use of technology;
(4) the subchapter III program prior to 1985 did not always meet the specific development needs of historically Black colleges and universities and other institutions with large concentrations of minority, low-income students;
(5) the solution of the problems of these institutions would enable them to become viable, fiscally stable and independent, thriving institutions of higher education;
(6) providing assistance to eligible institutions will enhance the role of such institutions in providing access and quality education to low-income and minority students;
(7) these institutions play an important role in the American system of higher education, and there is a strong national interest in assisting them in solving their problems and in stabilizing their management and fiscal operations, and in becoming financially independent; and
(8) there is a particular national interest in aiding those institutions of higher education that have historically served students who have been denied access to postsecondary education because of race or national origin and whose participation in the American system
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1057
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. A text match is a research starting point; applicability is not established.
Original supplied file — preserved unchanged
Download original Markdown file
File SHA-256: d0fe0e0ac7c35dc39829212e6f33f978de0ba692a0482a89fa3f9b310984502d. The original may include catalog metadata, neighboring provisions, or embedded records outside this collection's scope. Search shows only the selected federal record. Historical editions and unverified snapshots are not a statement of current law.
Authority boundary: historical or unconfirmed source not current law verified.
Open the recorded source website ↗
Record provenance
Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_2b4036411d5825c8e42608aa
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-20/section-1057-findings-and-purpose--1f1332281c.md
Pages: Not recorded – Not recorded
Passage SHA-256: a1dd37e69284b6ad23b09e4bf5de1604c4fcfe1a2a4736414df916ebb8e3b8f4
Source location: Title 20, Chapter 28, § 1057; chapter-028-higher-education-resources-and-student-assistance.md
Stored source content
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds that—
(1) there are a significant number of institutions of higher education serving high percentages of minority students and students from low-income backgrounds, that face problems that threaten their ability to survive;
(2) the problems relate to the management and fiscal operations of certain institutions of higher education, as well as to an inability to engage in long-range planning and development activities, including endowment building;
(3) in order to be competitive and provide a high-quality education for all, institutions of higher education should improve their technological capacity and make effective use of technology;
(4) the subchapter III program prior to 1985 did not always meet the specific development needs of historically Black colleges and universities and other institutions with large concentrations of minority, low-income students;
(5) the solution of the problems of these institutions would enable them to become viable, fiscally stable and independent, thriving institutions of higher education;
(6) providing assistance to eligible institutions will enhance the role of such institutions in providing access and quality education to low-income and minority students;
(7) these institutions play an important role in the American system of higher education, and there is a strong national interest in assisting them in solving their problems and in stabilizing their management and fiscal operations, and in becoming financially independent; and
(8) there is a particular national interest in aiding those institutions of higher education that have historically served students who have been denied access to postsecondary education because of race or national origin and whose participation in the American system of higher education is in the Nation’s interest so that equality of access and quality of postsecondary education opportunities may be enhanced for all students.
**(b) Purpose** It is the purpose of this subchapter to assist such institutions in equalizing educational opportunity through a program of Federal assistance.
Cross-references
Connections may be documented source relationships, shared citations or nearby passages. Each explains its basis; a connection alone does not establish applicability to your situation.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1001
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this part:
**(a) Eligible institution**
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term “eligible institution” means an institution of higher education, as defined in [section 1002 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1002&num=0&edition=prelim), except that, for the purposes of sections 1077(a)(2)(C)(i) and 1078(b)(1)(M)(i) of this title, an eligible institution includes any institution that is within this definition without regard to whether such institution is participating in any program under this subchapter and includes any institution ineligible for participation in any program under this part pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(2) **Ineligibility based on high default rates**
(A) An institution whose cohort default rate is equal to or greater than the threshold percentage specified in subparagraph (B) for each of the three most recent fiscal years for which data are available shall not be eligible to participate in a program under this part for the fiscal year for which the determination is made and for the two succeeding fiscal years, unless, within 30 days of receiving notification from the Secretary of the loss of eligibility under this paragraph, the institution appeals the loss of its eligibility to the Secretary. The Secretary shall issue a decision on any such appeal within 45 days after its submission. Such decision may permit the institution to continue to participate in a program under this part if—
(i) the institution demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Secretary that the Secretary’s calculation of its cohort default rate is not accurate, and that recalculation would reduce its cohort default rate for any of the three fiscal years below the thr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1085
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Meetings**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall obtain public involvement in the development of proposed regulations for this subchapter. The Secretary shall obtain the advice of and recommendations from individuals and representatives of the groups involved in student financial assistance programs under this subchapter, such as students, legal assistance organizations that represent students, institutions of higher education, State student grant agencies, guaranty agencies, lenders, secondary markets, loan servicers, guaranty agency servicers, and collection agencies.
(2) **Issues** — The Secretary shall provide for a comprehensive discussion and exchange of information concerning the implementation of this subchapter through such mechanisms as regional meetings and electronic exchanges of information. The Secretary shall take into account the information received through such mechanisms in the development of proposed regulations and shall publish a summary of such information in the Federal Register together with such proposed regulations.
**(b) Draft regulations**
(1) **In general** — After obtaining the advice and recommendations described in subsection (a)(1) and before publishing proposed regulations in the Federal Register, the Secretary shall prepare draft regulations implementing this subchapter and shall submit such regulations to a negotiated rulemaking process. Participants in the negotiations process shall be chosen by the Secretary from individuals nominated by groups described in subsection (a)(1), and shall include both representatives of such groups from Washington, D.C., and industry participants. The Secretary shall select individuals with demonstrated expertise or experience in the relevant subjects under negotiation, reflecting the div
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1098a
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) education is fundamental to the development of individual citizens and the progress of the Nation;
(2) there is a continuing need to ensure equal access for all Americans to educational opportunities of a high quality, and such educational opportunities should not be denied because of race, creed, color, national origin, or sex;
(3) parents have the primary responsibility for the education of their children, and States, localities, and private institutions have the primary responsibility for supporting that parental role;
(4) in our Federal system, the primary public responsibility for education is reserved respectively to the States and the local school systems and other instrumentalities of the States;
(5) the American people benefit from a diversity of educational settings, including public and private schools, libraries, museums and other institutions, the workplace, the community, and the home;
(6) the importance of education is increasing as new technologies and alternative approaches to traditional education are considered, as society becomes more complex, and as equal opportunities in education and employment are promoted;
(7) there is a need for improvement in the management and coordination of Federal education programs to support more effectively State, local, and private institutions, students, and parents in carrying out their educational responsibilities;
(8) the dispersion of education programs across a large number of Federal agencies has led to fragmented, duplicative, and often inconsistent Federal policies relating to education;
(9) Presidential and public consideration of issues relating to Federal education programs is hindered by the present organizational position of education programs in the executive branch
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 3401
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Incoming connection: Explicit cross-reference supplied in source Markdown; currentness and applicability require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 274
TITLE 20—EDUCATION
§ 1057
Section 1052, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, § 302, Nov. 8, 1965,
79 Stat. 1229; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 121(a), June 23,
1972, 86 Stat. 241; Pub. L. 93–380, title VIII, § 832, Aug. 21,
1974, 88 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 94–482, title I, § 112, Oct. 12,
1976, 90 Stat. 2091, related to eligibility for special as-
sistance.
Section 1053, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, § 303, Nov. 8, 1965,
79 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, § 401(h)(4), Apr. 13,
1970, 84 Stat. 174; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 121(a), title III,
§ 301(a)(1), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 242, 326, provided for
the establishment of an Advisory Council on Devel-
oping Institutions.
Section 1054, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, § 304, Nov. 8, 1965,
79 Stat. 1230; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 121(a), June 23,
1972, 86 Stat. 243, authorized the Commissioner of Edu-
cation to make grants and awards.
Section 1055, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, § 305, Nov. 8, 1965,
79 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 121(a), June 23,
1972, 86 Stat. 244, related to assistance to developing in-
stitutions under other programs.
Section 1056, Pub. L. 89–329, title III, § 306, as added
Pub L. 90–575, title II, § 223(a), Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1038;
amended Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 121(a), June 23, 1972, 86
Stat. 245, prohibited the use of funds for religious ac-
tivities.
AMENDMENTS
1998—Pars. (3) to (8). Pub. L. 105–244 added par. (3) and
redesignated former pars. (3) to (7) as (4) to (8), respec-
tively.
1993—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–208 struck out the
comma after ‘‘planning’’.
1992—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–325, § 301(1), amended
par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as
follows: ‘‘many institutions of higher education in this
era of declining enrollments and scarce
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 20 U.S.C. § 1057
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.