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23 U.S.C. § 501 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Federal laboratory.—** — The term “Federal laboratory” includes a Government-owned, Government-operated laboratory and a Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory.
(2) **Incident.—** — The term “incident” means a crash, natural disaster, workzone activity, special event, or other emergency road user occurrence that adversely affects or impedes the normal flow of traffic.
(3) **Innovation lifecycle.—** — The term “innovation lifecycle” means the process of innovating through—
(A) the identification of a need;
(B) the establishment of the scope of research to address that need;
(C) setting an agenda;
(D) carrying out research, development, deployment, and testing of the resulting technology or innovation; and
(E) carrying out an evaluation of the costs and benefits of the resulting technology or innovation.
(4) **Intelligent transportation infrastructure.—** — The term “intelligent transportation infrastructure” means fully integrated public sector intelligent transportation system components, as defined by the Secretary.
(5) **Intelligent transportation system.—** — The terms “intelligent transportation system” and “ITS” mean electronics, photonics, communications, or information processing used singly or in combination to improve the efficiency or safety of a surface transportation system.
(6) **National architecture.—** — For purposes of this chapter, the term “national architecture” means the common framework for interoperability that defines—
(A) the functions associated with intelligent transportation system user services;
(B) the physical entities or subsystems within which the functions reside;
(C) the data interfaces and information flows between physical subsystems; and
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Source location: Title 23, Chapter 5, § 501; chapter-005-research-technology-and-education.md
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In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Federal laboratory.—** — The term “Federal laboratory” includes a Government-owned, Government-operated laboratory and a Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory.
(2) **Incident.—** — The term “incident” means a crash, natural disaster, workzone activity, special event, or other emergency road user occurrence that adversely affects or impedes the normal flow of traffic.
(3) **Innovation lifecycle.—** — The term “innovation lifecycle” means the process of innovating through—
(A) the identification of a need;
(B) the establishment of the scope of research to address that need;
(C) setting an agenda;
(D) carrying out research, development, deployment, and testing of the resulting technology or innovation; and
(E) carrying out an evaluation of the costs and benefits of the resulting technology or innovation.
(4) **Intelligent transportation infrastructure.—** — The term “intelligent transportation infrastructure” means fully integrated public sector intelligent transportation system components, as defined by the Secretary.
(5) **Intelligent transportation system.—** — The terms “intelligent transportation system” and “ITS” mean electronics, photonics, communications, or information processing used singly or in combination to improve the efficiency or safety of a surface transportation system.
(6) **National architecture.—** — For purposes of this chapter, the term “national architecture” means the common framework for interoperability that defines—
(A) the functions associated with intelligent transportation system user services;
(B) the physical entities or subsystems within which the functions reside;
(C) the data interfaces and information flows between physical subsystems; and
(D) the communications requirements associated with the information flows.
(7) **Project.—** — The term “project” means an undertaking to research, develop, or operationally test intelligent transportation systems or any other undertaking eligible for assistance under this chapter.
(8) **Safety.—** — The term “safety” includes highway and traffic safety systems, research, and development relating to vehicle, highway, driver, passenger, bicyclist, and pedestrian characteristics, accident investigations, communications, emergency medical care, and transportation of the injured.
(9) **Standard.—** — The term “standard” means a document that—
(A) contains technical specifications or other precise criteria for intelligent transportation systems that are to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics so as to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for the intended purposes of the materials, products, processes, and services; and
(B) may support the national architecture and promote—
(i) the widespread use and adoption of intelligent transportation system technology as a component of the surface transportation systems of the United States; and
(ii) interoperability among intelligent transportation system technologies implemented throughout the States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) National Highway Institute.—**
(1) **In general.—** — The Secretary shall operate in the Federal Highway Administration a National Highway Institute (in this subsection referred to as the “Institute”). The Secretary shall administer, through the Institute, the authority vested in the Secretary by this title or by any other law for the development and conduct of education and training programs relating to highways.
(2) **Duties of the institute.—** — In cooperation with State transportation departments, United States industry, and any national or international entity, the Institute shall develop and administer education and training programs of instruction for—
(A) Federal Highway Administration, State, and local transportation agency employees and the employees of any other applicable Federal agency;
(B) regional, State, and metropolitan planning organizations;
(C) State and local police, public safety, and motor vehicle employees; and
(D) United States citizens and foreign nationals engaged or to be engaged in surface transportation work of interest to the United States.
(3) **Courses.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The Institute shall—
(i) develop or update existing courses in asset management, including courses that include such components as—
(I) the determination of life-cycle costs;
(II) the valuation of assets;
(III) benefit-to-cost ratio calculations; and
(IV) objective decisionmaking processes for project selection; and
(ii) continually develop courses relating to the application of emerging technologies for—
(I) transportation infrastructure applications and asset management;
(II) intelligent transportation systems;
(III) operations (including security operations);
(IV) the coll
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this title, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Apportionment.—** — The term “apportionment” includes unexpended apportionments made under prior authorization laws.
(2) **Asset management.—** — The term “asset management” means a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on both engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain a desired state of good repair over the lifecycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost.
(3) **Carpool project.—** — The term “carpool project” means any project to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools, including provision of carpooling opportunities to the elderly and individuals with disabilities, systems for locating potential riders and informing them of carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles for carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided.
(4) **Construction.—** — The term “construction” means the supervising, inspecting, actual building, and incurrence of all costs incidental to the construction or reconstruction of a highway or any project eligible for assistance under this title, including bon
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) University Transportation Centers Program.—**
(1) **Establishment and operation.—** — The Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (referred to in this section as the “Secretary”), shall make grants under this section to eligible nonprofit institutions of higher education to establish and operate university transportation centers.
(2) **Role of centers.—** — The role of each university transportation center referred to in paragraph (1) shall be—
(A) to advance transportation expertise and technology in the varied disciplines that comprise the field of transportation through education, research, and technology transfer activities;
(B) to provide for a critical multimodal transportation knowledge base outside of the Department of Transportation; and
(C) to address critical workforce needs and educate the next generation of transportation leaders with respect to the matters described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1).
**(b) Competitive Selection Process.—**
(1) **Applications.—** — To receive a grant under this section, a consortium of nonprofit institutions of higher education shall submit to the Secretary an application that is in such form and contains such information as the Secretary may require.
(2) **Restriction.—**
(A) *Limitation.—* — A lead institution of a consortium of nonprofit institutions of higher education, as applicable, may only receive 1 grant per fiscal year as a lead institution under this section, except as provided in subparagraph (B).
(B) *Exception for consortium members that are not lead institutions.—* — Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a nonprofit institution of higher education that is a member of a consortium of nonprofit institutions of h
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 420
TITLE 23—HIGHWAYS
[§ 409
[§ 409. Renumbered § 407]
[§§ 410, 411. Repealed. Pub. L. 112–141, div. C,
title I, § 31109(e), (f), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat.
757]
Section 410, added Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9002(a),
Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4521; amended Pub. L. 101–516,
title III, § 336, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2186; Pub. L. 102–240,
title II, § 2004(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2073; Pub. L.
102–388, title VI, §§ 601–606, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1569,
1570; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, § 324, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat.
591; Pub. L. 105–18, title II, § 8003, June 12, 1997, 111 Stat.
195; Pub. L. 105–130, § 6(b), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2558;
Pub. L. 105–178, title II, § 2004(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat.
328; Pub. L. 108–88, § 6(e)(1), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1120;
Pub. L. 108–310, § 6(e)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1152;
Pub. L. 109–59, title II, § 2007(a), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119
Stat. 1529; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, § 303(c)(2), (3), June
6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, § 421(f)(1),
Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 112–30, title I,
§ 121(f)(1), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 347, related to alcohol-
impaired driving countermeasures.
Section 411, added Pub. L. 105–178, title II, § 2005(a),
June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 332; amended Pub. L. 110–244, title
III, § 303(c)(4), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619, related to
State highway safety data improvements.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF REPEAL
Repeal effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub.
L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination
Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this
title.
REPEAL OF PROGRAMS
Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31109(a), July 6, 2012,
126 Stat. 756, provided that: ‘‘A repeal made by this sec-
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 23 U.S.C. § 501
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