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42 U.S.C. § 5906 — Federal assistance and participation in programs
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Forms of activities authorized** In carrying out the objectives of this chapter, the Secretary may utilize various forms of Federal assistance and participation which may include but are not limited to—
(1) joint Federal-industry experimental, demonstration, or commercial corporations consistent with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section;
(2) contractual arrangements with non-Federal participants including corporations, consortia, universities, governmental entities and nonprofit institutions;
(3) contracts for the construction and operation of federally owned facilities;
(4) Federal purchases or guaranteed price of the products of demonstration plants or activities consistent with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section;
(5) Federal loans to non-Federal entities conducting demonstrations of new technologies;
(6) incentives, including financial awards, to individual inventors, such incentives to be designed to encourage the participation of a large number of such inventors; and
(7) Federal loan guarantees and commitments thereof as provided in section 5919 11 See Codification note below. of this title.
**(b) Proposed joint Federal-industry corporations; operational guidelines; powers, duties, and functions; composition; scope of Federal assistance and participation; specific authorization** Joint Federal-industry corporations proposed for congressional authorization pursuant to this chapter shall be subject to the provisions of [section 5908 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5908&num=0&edition=prelim) and shall conform to the following guidelines except as otherwise authorized by Congress:
(1) Each such corporation may design, construct, operate, and maintain one or more experime
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 74, § 5906; chapter-074-nonnuclear-energy-research-and-development.md
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**(a) Forms of activities authorized** In carrying out the objectives of this chapter, the Secretary may utilize various forms of Federal assistance and participation which may include but are not limited to—
(1) joint Federal-industry experimental, demonstration, or commercial corporations consistent with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section;
(2) contractual arrangements with non-Federal participants including corporations, consortia, universities, governmental entities and nonprofit institutions;
(3) contracts for the construction and operation of federally owned facilities;
(4) Federal purchases or guaranteed price of the products of demonstration plants or activities consistent with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section;
(5) Federal loans to non-Federal entities conducting demonstrations of new technologies;
(6) incentives, including financial awards, to individual inventors, such incentives to be designed to encourage the participation of a large number of such inventors; and
(7) Federal loan guarantees and commitments thereof as provided in section 5919 11 See Codification note below. of this title.
**(b) Proposed joint Federal-industry corporations; operational guidelines; powers, duties, and functions; composition; scope of Federal assistance and participation; specific authorization** Joint Federal-industry corporations proposed for congressional authorization pursuant to this chapter shall be subject to the provisions of [section 5908 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5908&num=0&edition=prelim) and shall conform to the following guidelines except as otherwise authorized by Congress:
(1) Each such corporation may design, construct, operate, and maintain one or more experimental, demonstration, or commercial-size facilities, or other operations which will ascertain the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of a particular energy technology. In carrying out this function, the corporation shall be empowered, either directly or by contract, to utilize commercially available technologies, perform tests, or design, construct, and operate pilot plants, as may be necessary for the design of the full-scale facility.
(2) Each corporation shall have—
(A) a Board of nine directors consisting of individuals who are citizens of the United States, of whom one shall be elected annually by the Board to serve as Chairman. The Board shall be empowered to adopt and amend bylaws. Five members of the Board shall be appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and four members of the Board shall be appointed by the President on the basis of recommendations received by him from any non-Federal entity or entities entering into contractual arrangements to participate in the corporation;
(B) a President and such other officers and employees as may be named and appointed by the Board (with the rates of compensation of all officers and employees being fixed by the Board); and
(C) the usual powers conferred upon corporations by the laws of the District of Columbia.
(3) An appropriate time interval, not to exceed 12 years, shall be established for the term of Federal participation in the corporation, at the expiration of which the Board of Directors shall take such action as may be necessary to dissolve the corporation or otherwise terminate Federal participation and financial interests. In carrying out such dissolution, the Board of Directors shall dispose of all physical facilities of the corporation in such manner and subject to such terms and conditions as the Board determines are in the public interest and consistent with existing law; and a share of the appraised value of the corporate assets proportional to the Federal participation in the corporation, including the proceeds from the disposition of such facilities, on the date of its dissolution, after satisfaction of all its legal obligations, shall be made available to the United States and deposited in the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts. All patent rights of the corporation shall, on such date of dissolution, be vested in the Secretary: Provided, That Federal participation may be terminated prior to the time established in the authorizing Act upon recommendation of the Board of Directors.
(4) Any commercially valuable product produced by demonstration facilities shall be disposed of in such manner and under such terms and conditions as the corporation shall prescribe. All revenues received by the corporation from the sale of such products shall be available to the corporation for use by it in defraying expenses incurred in connection with carrying out its functions to which this chapter applies.
(5) The estimated Federal share of the construction, operation, and maintenance cost over the life of each corporation shall be determined in order to facilitate a single congressional authorization of the full amount at the time of establishment of the corporation.
(6) The Federal share of the cost of each such corporation shall reflect (A) the technical and economic risk of the venture, (B) the probability of any financial return to the non-Federal participants arising from the venture, (C) the financial capability of the potential non-Federal participants, and (D) such other factors as the Secretary may set forth in proposing the corporation: Provided, That in no instance shall the Federal share exceed 90 per centum of the cost.
(7) No such corporation shall be established unless previously authorized by specific legislation enacted by the Congress.
**(c) Proposed competitive systems of price supports for demonstration facilities; guidelines** Competitive systems of price supports proposed for congressional authorization pursuant to this chapter shall conform to the following guidelines:
(1) The Secretary shall determine the types and capacities of the desired full-scale, commercial-size facility or other operation which would demonstrate the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of a particular nonnuclear energy technology.
(2) The Secretary may award planning grants for the purpose of financing a study of the full cycle economic and environmental costs associated with the demonstration facility selected pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection. Such planning grants may be awarded to Federal and non-Federal entities including, but not limited to, industrial entities, universities, and nonprofit organizations. Such planning grants may also be used by the grantee to prepare a detailed and comprehensive bid to construct the demonstration facility.
(3) Following the completion of the studies pursuant to the planning grants awarded under paragraph (2) of this subsection regarding each such potential price supported demonstration facility for which the Secretary intends to request congressional authorization, he shall invite bids from all interested parties to determine the minimum amount of Federal price support needed to construct the demonstration facility. The Secretary may designate one or more competing entities, each to construct one commercial demonstration facility. Such designation shall be made on the basis of those entities, (A) commitment to construct the demonstration facility at the minimum level of Federal price supports, (B) detailed plan of environmental protection, and (C) proposed design and operation of the demonstration facility.
(4) The construction plans and actual construction of the demonstration facility, together with all related facilities, shall be monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency. If additional environmental requirements are imposed by the Secretary after the designation of the successful bidders and if such additional environmental requirements result in additional costs, the Secretary is authorized to renegotiate the support price to cover such additional costs.
(5) The estimated amount of the Federal price support for a demonstration facility’s product over the life of such facility shall be determined by the Secretary to facilitate a single congressional authorization of the full amount of such support at the time of the designation of the successful bidders.
(6) No price support program shall be implemented unless previously authorized by specific legislation enacted by the Congress.
**(d) Support for joint university-industry research efforts** Nothing in this section shall preclude Federal participation in, and support for, joint university-industry nonnuclear energy research efforts.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Administrator is authorized to establish programs to utilize research and development performed by other Federal agencies to minimize the adverse environmental effects of energy projects. The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as other affected agencies and departments, shall cooperate fully with the Administrator in establishing and maintaining such programs, and in establishing appropriate interagency agreements to develop cooperative programs and to avoid unnecessary duplication.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5821
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Vesting of title to invention and issuance of patents to United States; prerequisites** Whenever any invention is made or conceived in the course of or under any contract of the Department, other than nuclear energy research, development, and demonstration pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ([42 U.S.C. 2011](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2011&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) and the Secretary determines that—
(1) the person who made the invention was employed or assigned to perform research, development, or demonstration work and the invention is related to the work he was employed or assigned to perform, or that it was within the scope of his employment duties, whether or not it was made during working hours, or with a contribution by the Government of the use of Government facilities, equipment, materials, allocated funds, information proprietary to the Government, or services of Government employees during working hours; or
(2) the person who made the invention was not employed or assigned to perform research, development, or demonstration work, but the invention is nevertheless related to the contract or to the work or duties he was employed or assigned to perform, and was made during working hours, or with a contribution from the Government of the sort referred to in clause (1).11 So in original. Probably should be a comma.
title to such invention shall vest in the United States, and if patents on such invention are issued they shall be issued to the United States, unless in particular circumstances the Secretary waives all or any part of the rights of the United States to such invention in conformity with the provisions of this section.
**(b) Contract as requiring report to Department of invention, etc.,
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress authorizes and directs that the comprehensive program in research, development, and demonstration required by this chapter shall be designed and executed according to the following principles:
(1) Energy conservation shall be a primary consideration in the design and implementation of the Federal nonnuclear energy program. For the purposes of this chapter, energy conservation means both improvement in efficiency of energy production and use, and reduction in energy waste.
(2) The environmental and social consequences of a proposed program shall be analyzed and considered in evaluating its potential.
(3) Any program for the development of a technology which may require significant consumptive use of water after the technology has reached the stage of commercial application shall include thorough consideration of the impacts of such technology and use on water resources pursuant to the provisions of [section 5912 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5912&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) Heavy emphasis shall be given to those technologies which utilize renewable or essentially inexhaustible energy sources.
(5) The potential for production of net energy by the proposed technology at the stage of commercial application shall be analyzed and considered in evaluating proposals.
**(b)** The Congress further directs that the execution of the comprehensive research, development, and demonstration program shall conform to the following principles:
(1) Research and development of nonnuclear energy sources shall be pursued in such a way as to facilitate the commercial availability of adequate supplies of energy to all regions of the United States.
(2) In determining the appropriateness of Federal involvemen
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 93–577, § 19, as added Pub. L. 95–39, title IV, § 401, June 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 190; amended Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), title VII, §§ 703, 707, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, 606, 607, related to organizational conflicts.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
For effective date and applicability of repeal, see section 4401 of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under [section 2220 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2220&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5918
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 6630
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 5906
1 See Codification note below.
respectively, of chapter 134 of this title. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title
note set out under section 13201 of this title and Tables.
Section 5914 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a),
(b)(1), and (c), was omitted from the Code.
The Geothermal Energy Research, Development, and
Demonstration Act of 1974 (Public Law 93–410), referred
to in subsec. (b)(3)(F), was classified generally to chap-
ter 24 (§ 1101 et seq.) of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Min-
ing, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title III,
§ 3002(i)(3), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2495.
The Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstration Act of
1974, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(I), is Pub. L. 93–409,
Sept. 3, 1974, 88 Stat. 1069, was classified generally to
subchapter I (§ 5501 et seq.) of chapter 71 of this title,
prior to repeal by Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title III,
§ 3006(e)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2513.
The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Tech-
nology Competitiveness Act of 1989, referred to in sub-
sec. (b)(3)(Q), is Pub. L. 101–218, Dec. 11, 1989, 103 Stat.
1859, which is classified principally to chapter 125
(§ 12001 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification
of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out
under section 12001 of this title and Tables.
AMENDMENTS
2020—Subsec. (b)(3)(L) to (S). Pub. L. 116–260 redesig-
nated subpars. (M) to (S) as (L) to (R), respectively, and
struck out subpar. (L) which read as follows: ‘‘to com-
mercially demonstrate advanced solar energy tech-
nologies in accordance with the Solar Energy Research,
Development, and Demonstration Act of 1974 (Public
Law 93–473);’’.
2005—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub
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