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13 U.S.C. § 221 — Refusal or neglect to answer questions; false answers
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, being over eighteen years of age, refuses or willfully neglects, when requested by the Secretary, or by any other authorized officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof acting under the instructions of the Secretary or authorized officer, to answer, to the best of his knowledge, any of the questions on any schedule submitted to him in connection with any census or survey provided for by subchapters I, II, IV, and V of chapter 5 of this title, applying to himself or to the family to which he belongs or is related, or to the farm or farms of which he or his family is the occupant, shall be fined not more than $100.
**(b)** Whoever, when answering questions described in subsection (a) of this section, and under the conditions or circumstances described in such subsection, willfully gives any answer that is false, shall be fined not more than $500.
**(c)** Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no person shall be compelled to disclose information relative to his religious beliefs or to membership in a religious body.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-13/section-221-refusal-or-neglect-to-answer-questions-false-answers--45af1f2af5.md
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Source location: Title 13, Chapter 7, § 221; chapter-007-offenses-and-penalties.md
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**(a)** Whoever, being over eighteen years of age, refuses or willfully neglects, when requested by the Secretary, or by any other authorized officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof acting under the instructions of the Secretary or authorized officer, to answer, to the best of his knowledge, any of the questions on any schedule submitted to him in connection with any census or survey provided for by subchapters I, II, IV, and V of chapter 5 of this title, applying to himself or to the family to which he belongs or is related, or to the farm or farms of which he or his family is the occupant, shall be fined not more than $100.
**(b)** Whoever, when answering questions described in subsection (a) of this section, and under the conditions or circumstances described in such subsection, willfully gives any answer that is false, shall be fined not more than $500.
**(c)** Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no person shall be compelled to disclose information relative to his religious beliefs or to membership in a religious body.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title VI, § 607, 63 Stat. 441, related to housing census. See [section 141 of Title 13](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section141&num=0&edition=prelim), Census.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Short Title of 2026 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.”
#### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary shall perform the functions and duties imposed upon him by this title, may issue such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to carry out such functions and duties, and may delegate the performance of such functions and duties and the authority to issue such rules and regulations to such officers and employees of the Department of Commerce as he may designate.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this title, unless the context requires another meaning or unless it is otherwise provided—
(1) “Bureau” means the Bureau of the Census;
(2) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce; and
(3) “respondent” includes a corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, proprietorship, society, joint stock company, individual, or other organization or entity which reported information, or on behalf of which information was reported, in response to a questionnaire, inquiry, or other request of the Bureau.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Title 44, United States Code.—** This subchapter does not diminish the authority under section 3510 of the Director to direct, and of an agency to make, disclosures that are not inconsistent with any applicable law.
**(b) Title 13 and Title 44, United States Code.—** This subchapter does not diminish the authority of the Bureau of the Census to provide information in accordance with sections 8, 16, 301, and 401 of title 13 and [section 2108 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title44-section2108&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Title 13, United States Code.—** This subchapter shall not be construed as authorizing the disclosure for nonstatistical purposes of demographic data or information collected by the Bureau of the Census pursuant to [section 9 of title 13](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section9&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(d) Various Energy Statutes.—** Data or information acquired by the Energy Information Administration under a pledge of confidentiality and designated by the Energy Information Administration to be used for exclusively statistical purposes shall not be disclosed in identifiable form for nonstatistical purposes under—
(1) section 12, 20, or 59 of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974 ([15 U.S.C. 771](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section771&num=0&edition=prelim), 779, 790h);
(2) section 11 of the Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974 ([15 U.S.C. 796](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section796&num=0&edition=prelim)); or
(3) section 205 or 407 of the Department of Energy Organization Act ([42 U.S.C. 7135](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 28
TITLE 13—CENSUS
§ 214
or under authority of this title, shall be guilty
of perjury, and shall be fined not more than
$2,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or
both.
(b) Whoever, being an officer or employee re-
ferred to in subchapter II of chapter 1 of this
title—
(1) willfully and knowingly makes a false
certificate or fictitious return; or
(2) knowingly or willfully furnishes or
causes to be furnished, or, having been such an
officer or employee, knowingly or willfully
furnished or caused to be furnished, directly or
indirectly, to the Secretary or to any other of-
ficer or employee of the Department of Com-
merce or bureau or agency thereof, any false
statement or false information with reference
to any inquiry for which he was authorized
and required to collect information provided
for in this title—
shall be fined not more than $2,000 or imprisoned
not more than five years, or both.
(Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1158, 68 Stat. 1022.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 13, U.S.C., 1952 ed., §§ 122, 208, 252, and
section 1442 of title 42, U.S.C., 1952 ed., The Public
Health and Welfare (June 18, 1929, ch. 28, § 8, 46 Stat. 23;
June 19, 1948, ch. 502, § 2, 62 Stat. 479; July 15, 1949, ch.
338, title VI, § 607, 63 Stat. 441; Sept. 7, 1950, ch. 910, § 2,
64 Stat. 784).
Section consolidates part of section 208 of title 13,
U.S.C., 1952 ed., with that part of section 122 of such
title which made such section 208 applicable to the
quinquennial censuses of manufacturers, the mineral
industries, and other businesses (see subchapter I of
chapter 5 of this revised title), that part of section 252
of such title which made such section 208 applicable to
the quinquennial censuses of governments (see sub-
chapter III of chapter 5 of
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