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50 U.S.C. § 1841 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter:
(1) The terms “foreign power”, “agent of a foreign power”, “international terrorism”, “foreign intelligence information”, “Attorney General”, “United States person”, “United States”, “person”, and “State” shall have the same meanings as in [section 1801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The terms “pen register” and “trap and trace device” have the meanings given such terms in [section 3127 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3127&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) The term “aggrieved person” means any person—
(A) whose telephone line was subject to the installation or use of a pen register or trap and trace device authorized by this subchapter; or
(B) whose communication instrument or device was subject to the use of a pen register or trap and trace device authorized by this subchapter to capture incoming electronic or other communications impulses.
(4)
(A) The term “specific selection term”—
(i) is a term that specifically identifies a person, account, address, or personal device, or any other specific identifier; and
(ii) is used to limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of information sought, consistent with the purpose for seeking the use of the pen register or trap and trace device.
(B) A specific selection term under subparagraph (A) does not include an identifier that does not limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of information sought, consistent with the purpose for seeking the use of the pen register or trap and trace device, such as an identifier that—
(i) identifies an electronic communication service provider (as that
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_18cc76715336401ebf964d8a
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-50/section-1841-definitions--23eef610e2.md
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Source location: Title 50, Chapter 36, § 1841; chapter-036-foreign-intelligence-surveillance.md
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As used in this subchapter:
(1) The terms “foreign power”, “agent of a foreign power”, “international terrorism”, “foreign intelligence information”, “Attorney General”, “United States person”, “United States”, “person”, and “State” shall have the same meanings as in [section 1801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The terms “pen register” and “trap and trace device” have the meanings given such terms in [section 3127 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3127&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) The term “aggrieved person” means any person—
(A) whose telephone line was subject to the installation or use of a pen register or trap and trace device authorized by this subchapter; or
(B) whose communication instrument or device was subject to the use of a pen register or trap and trace device authorized by this subchapter to capture incoming electronic or other communications impulses.
(4)
(A) The term “specific selection term”—
(i) is a term that specifically identifies a person, account, address, or personal device, or any other specific identifier; and
(ii) is used to limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of information sought, consistent with the purpose for seeking the use of the pen register or trap and trace device.
(B) A specific selection term under subparagraph (A) does not include an identifier that does not limit, to the greatest extent reasonably practicable, the scope of information sought, consistent with the purpose for seeking the use of the pen register or trap and trace device, such as an identifier that—
(i) identifies an electronic communication service provider (as that term is defined in [section 1881 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1881&num=0&edition=prelim)) or a provider of remote computing service (as that term is defined in [section 2711 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2711&num=0&edition=prelim)), when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in subparagraph (A), unless the provider is itself a subject of an authorized investigation for which the specific selection term is used as the basis for the use; or
(ii) identifies a broad geographic region, including the United States, a city, a county, a State, a zip code, or an area code, when not used as part of a specific identifier as described in subparagraph (A).
(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “address” means a physical address or electronic address, such as an electronic mail address or temporarily assigned network address (including an Internet protocol address).
(D) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to preclude the use of multiple terms or identifiers to meet the requirements of subparagraph (A).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
(1) the terms defined in [section 2510 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2510&num=0&edition=prelim) have, respectively, the definitions given such terms in that section;
(2) the term “remote computing service” means the provision to the public of computer storage or processing services by means of an electronic communications system;
(3) the term “court of competent jurisdiction” includes—
(A) any district court of the United States (including a magistrate judge of such a court) or any United States court of appeals that—
(i) has jurisdiction over the offense being investigated;
(ii) is in or for a district in which the provider of a wire or electronic communication service is located or in which the wire or electronic communications, records, or other information are stored; or
(iii) is acting on a request for foreign assistance pursuant to [section 3512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3512&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) a court of general criminal jurisdiction of a State authorized by the law of that State to issue search warrants; or
(C) a court-martial or other proceeding under chapter 47 of title 10 (the Uniform Code of Military Justice) to which a military judge has been detailed; and
(4) the term “governmental entity” means a department or agency of the United States or any State or political subdivision thereof.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 2711
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In this subchapter, the terms “agent of a foreign power”, “Attorney General”, “contents”, “electronic surveillance”, “foreign intelligence information”, “foreign power”, “person”, “United States”, and “United States person” have the meanings given such terms in [section 1801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim), except as specifically provided in this subchapter.
**(b) Additional definitions** In this subchapter:
(1) **Congressional intelligence committees** — The term “congressional intelligence committees” means—
(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(2) **Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court; Court** — The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court” and “Court” mean the court established under [section 1803(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1803/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review; Court of Review** — The terms “Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review” and “Court of Review” mean the court established under [section 1803(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1803/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Electronic communication service provider** — The term “electronic communication service provider” means—
(A) a telecommunications carrier, as that term is defined in [section 153 of title 47](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title47-section153&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) a provider of electronic communication service, as that term is defined in [section 2510
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1881
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this subchapter:
**(a)** “Foreign power” means—
(1) a foreign government or any component thereof, whether or not recognized by the United States;
(2) a faction of a foreign nation or nations, not substantially composed of United States persons;
(3) an entity that is openly acknowledged by a foreign government or governments to be directed and controlled by such foreign government or governments;
(4) a group engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefor;
(5) a foreign-based political organization, not substantially composed of United States persons;
(6) an entity that is directed and controlled by a foreign government or governments; or
(7) an entity not substantially composed of United States persons that is engaged in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
**(b)** “Agent of a foreign power” means—
(1) any person other than a United States person, who—
(A) acts in the United States as an officer or employee of a foreign power, or as a member of a foreign power as defined in subsection (a)(4), irrespective of whether the person is inside the United States;
(B) acts for or on behalf of a foreign power which engages in clandestine intelligence activities in the United States contrary to the interests of the United States, when the circumstances indicate that such person may engage in such activities, or when such person knowingly aids or abets any person in the conduct of such activities or knowingly conspires with any person to engage in such activities;
(C) Omitted
(D) engages in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, or activities in preparation therefor; or
(E) engages in the international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, or activities in prepa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter—
(1) the terms “wire communication”, “electronic communication”, “electronic communication service”, and “contents” have the meanings set forth for such terms in [section 2510 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section2510&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the term “court of competent jurisdiction” means—
(A) any district court of the United States (including a magistrate judge of such a court) or any United States court of appeals that—
(i) has jurisdiction over the offense being investigated;
(ii) is in or for a district in which the provider of a wire or electronic communication service is located;
(iii) is in or for a district in which a landlord, custodian, or other person subject to subsections (a) or (b) of [section 3124 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3124&num=0&edition=prelim) is located; or
(iv) is acting on a request for foreign assistance pursuant to [section 3512 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3512&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(B) a court of general criminal jurisdiction of a State authorized by the law of that State to enter orders authorizing the use of a pen register or a trap and trace device;
(3) the term “pen register” means a device or process which records or decodes dialing, routing, addressing, or signaling information transmitted by an instrument or facility from which a wire or electronic communication is transmitted, provided, however, that such information shall not include the contents of any communication, but such term does not include any device or process used by a provider or customer of a wire or electronic communication service
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 3127
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 271
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1841
Attorney General to gather foreign intelligence infor-
mation, see section 807(c) of Pub. L. 103–359, set out as
a note under section 1821 of this title.
§ 1828. Civil liability
An aggrieved person, other than a foreign
power or an agent of a foreign power, as defined
in section 1801(a) or (b)(1)(A), respectively, of
this title, whose premises, property, informa-
tion, or material has been subjected to a phys-
ical search within the United States or about
whom information obtained by such a physical
search has been disclosed or used in violation of
section 1827 of this title shall have a cause of ac-
tion against any person who committed such
violation and shall be entitled to recover—
(1) actual damages, but not less than liq-
uidated damages of $1,000 or $100 per day for
each day of violation, whichever is greater;
(2) punitive damages; and
(3) reasonable attorney’s fees and other in-
vestigative and litigation costs reasonably in-
curred.
(Pub. L. 95–511, title III, § 308, as added Pub. L.
103–359, title VIII, § 807(a)(3), Oct. 14, 1994, 108
Stat. 3452.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section effective 90 days after Oct. 14, 1994, with ex-
ception for certain physical searches approved by the
Attorney General to gather foreign intelligence infor-
mation, see section 807(c) of Pub. L. 103–359, set out as
a note under section 1821 of this title.
§ 1829. Authorization during time of war
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
the President, through the Attorney General,
may authorize physical searches without a court
order under this subchapter to acquire foreign
intelligence information for a period not to ex-
ceed 15 calendar days following a declaration of
war by
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1841
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