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50 U.S.C. § 2531 — Repealed. Pub. L. 119–60, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(b)(1), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1458
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 2529, Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4209, formerly div. C, title XXXI, § 3143, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2733; renumbered div. D, title XLII, § 4209, by Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(e)(10), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 111–84, div. C, title XXXI, § 3115, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2707; Pub. L. 113–66, div. C, title XXXI, § 3146(c)(5), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2289; Pub. L. 117–263, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3051; Pub. L. 118–159, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(c)(3), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2295, related to requirements for requests for funds for development of new or modified nuclear weapons and notification and briefing of noncovered activities. See [section 6120 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section6120&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
Section 2530, Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4210, formerly Pub. L. 102–377, title V, § 507(f), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1345; renumbered Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4210, and amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(e)(11), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 112–239, div. C, title XXXI, § 3131(d)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2180, set out restrictions on underground and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. See [section 6121 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section6121&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
#### Development of Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons; Authorization and Limitation
Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2289, which authorized the Secretary of Energy to carry out engineering development an
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-50/section-2531-repealed-pub-l-11960-div-c-title-xxxi-3111-b-1-dec-18-2025-139-stat-1458--9965fd94c8.md
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Source location: Title 50, Chapter 42, § 2531; chapter-042-atomic-energy-defense-provisions.md
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### Statutory Notes
Section 2529, Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4209, formerly div. C, title XXXI, § 3143, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2733; renumbered div. D, title XLII, § 4209, by Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(e)(10), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 111–84, div. C, title XXXI, § 3115, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2707; Pub. L. 113–66, div. C, title XXXI, § 3146(c)(5), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1074; Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2289; Pub. L. 117–263, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3051; Pub. L. 118–159, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(c)(3), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2295, related to requirements for requests for funds for development of new or modified nuclear weapons and notification and briefing of noncovered activities. See [section 6120 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section6120&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
Section 2530, Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4210, formerly Pub. L. 102–377, title V, § 507(f), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1345; renumbered Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLII, § 4210, and amended Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3141(e)(11), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 112–239, div. C, title XXXI, § 3131(d)(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2180, set out restrictions on underground and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. See [section 6121 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section6121&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
#### Development of Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons; Authorization and Limitation
Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2289, which authorized the Secretary of Energy to carry out engineering development and subsequent phases to modify or develop a low-yield nuclear warhead for submarine-launched ballistic missiles, was transferred and is set out as a note under [section 6120 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section6120&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, § 3116(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1746, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. C, title XXXI, § 3111(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2289, which prohibited commencement of engineering development or subsequent phases of of a low-yield nuclear weapon without a specific funding request, was transferred and is set out as a note under [section 6120 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section6120&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requirement for Request for Funds for Development.—**
(1) In any fiscal year after fiscal year 2002 in which the Secretary of Energy plans to carry out activities described in paragraph (2) relating to the development of a new nuclear weapon or modified nuclear weapon beyond phase 2 or phase 6.2 (as the case may be) of the nuclear weapon acquisition process, the Secretary—
(A) shall specifically request funds for such activities in the budget of the President for that fiscal year under [section 1105(a) of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1105/a&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) may carry out such activities only if amounts are authorized to be appropriated for such activities by an Act of Congress consistent with section 660 of the Department of Energy Organization Act ([42 U.S.C. 7270](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7270&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) The activities described in this paragraph are as follows:
(A) The conduct, or provision for conduct, of research and development for the production of a new nuclear weapon by the United States.
(B) The conduct, or provision for conduct, of engineering or manufacturing to carry out the production of a new nuclear weapon by the United States.
(C) The conduct, or provision for conduct, of research and development for the production of a modified nuclear weapon by the United States.
(D) The conduct, or provision for conduct, of engineering or manufacturing to carry out the production of a modified nuclear weapon by the United States.
**(b) Budget Request Format.—** In a request for funds under subsection (a), the Secretary shall include a dedicated line item for each activity described in subsection (a)(2) f
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**(a) Underground Testing.—** No underground test of nuclear weapons may be conducted by the United States after September 30, 1996, unless a foreign state conducts a nuclear test after this date, at which time the prohibition on United States nuclear testing is lifted.
**(b) Atmospheric Testing.—** None of the funds appropriated pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (Public Law 103–160; 107 Stat. 1547) or any other Act for any fiscal year may be available to maintain the capability of the United States to conduct atmospheric testing of a nuclear weapon.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Research and development; weapons production; hazardous wastes; transfers of technologies** The Commission is authorized to—
(1) conduct experiments and do research and development work in the military application of atomic energy;
(2) engage in the production of atomic weapons, or atomic weapon parts, except that such activities shall be carried on only to the extent that the express consent and direction of the President of the United States has been obtained, which consent and direction shall be obtained at least once each year;
(3) provide for safe storage, processing, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste (including radioactive waste) resulting from nuclear materials production, weapons production and surveillance programs, and naval nuclear propulsion programs;
(4) carry out research on and development of technologies needed for the effective negotiation and verification of international agreements on control of special nuclear materials and nuclear weapons; and
(5) under applicable law (other than this paragraph) and consistent with other missions of the Department of Energy, make transfers of federally owned or originated technology to State and local governments, private industry, and universities or other nonprofit organizations so that the prospects for commercialization of such technology are enhanced.
**(b) Material for Department of Defense use** The President from time to time may direct the Commission (1) to deliver such quantities of special nuclear material or atomic weapons to the Department of Defense for such use as he deems necessary in the interest of national defense, or (2) to authorize the Department of Defense to manufacture, produce, or acquire any atomic weapon or utilization facility for military purposes: Provided, ho
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 441
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 2532
tion’’ for ‘‘research and development which could lead
to the production’’.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 117–263, § 3111(2), added subsec. (b)
and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to
budget request format.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–263, § 3111(3), added subsec. (c)
and struck out former subsec. (c). Prior to amendment,
text read as follows: ‘‘Subsection (a) shall not apply to
funds for purposes of conducting, or providing for the
conduct of, research and development, or manufac-
turing and engineering, determined by the Secretary to
be necessary to address proliferation concerns.’’
2018—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–232 inserted dash
after ‘‘weapon, the Secretary’’, designated remainder of
existing provisions as subpar. (A), and added subpar.
(B).
2013—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–66 made technical
amendment to reference in original act which appears
in text as reference to ‘‘December 2, 2002’’ in two
places.
2009—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–84, § 3115(1), substituted
‘‘necessary to address proliferation concerns.’’ for ‘‘nec-
essary—
‘‘(1) for the nuclear weapons life extension program;
‘‘(2) to modify an existing nuclear weapon solely to
address safety or reliability concerns; or
‘‘(3) to address proliferation concerns.’’
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–84, § 3115(2), redesignated pars.
(2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out
former par. (1), which read as follows: ‘‘The term ‘life
extension program’ means the program to repair or re-
place non-nuclear components, or to modify the pit or
canned subassembly, of nuclear weapons that are in the
nuclear weapons stockpile on December 2, 2002, in order
to assure that such nuclear weapons retain the ability
to meet the military requirements app
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